Uhm Jung-hwa explained

Uhm Jung-hwa
Birth Date:August 17, 1969
Birth Place:Chechon, North Chungcheong, South Korea
Relatives:Uhm Tae-woong (brother)
Years Active:1987–present
Module:
Embed:yes
Associated Acts:Refund Sisters
Website:ilovejunghwa.com
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Child:yes
Headercolor:transparent
Hangul:엄정화
Rr:Eom Jeong-hwa
Mr:Ŏm Chŏnghwa

Uhm Jung-hwa (; born August 17, 1969)[1] is a South Korean singer, actress and dancer. Uhm is considered to be one of the most influential women in the Korean entertainment industry, finding success in both music and film.[2] Her legacy and career reinventions have given her the nickname of "Korean Madonna".[3] [4]

Uhm began her career in 1989 as a chorus member for the broadcasting company MBC. She starred in the 1993 romance drama film, On a Windy Day, We Must Go to Apgujeong, and released her debut studio album, Sorrowful Secret, that same year. Though both releases found limited audiences, the album's lead single, "Pupil", helped to establish a sensual image for Uhm.

She pivoted to dance music with 1996's "Sad Expectation", and found success with "Rose of Betrayal" (배반의 장미) from her third studio album, After Love (1997). Subsequent releases Invitation (1998) and 005.1999.06 (1999) were bolstered by a string of hit singles: "Poison", "Invitation", "I Don't Know" (몰라), and "Festival", which gained status as her signature songs.

Starting in 2001, Uhm began to concentrate efforts on her acting career. Her performance in the 2002 erotic comedy Marriage Is a Crazy Thing won Best Actress at the 39th Baeksang Arts Awards, a category she received another nomination for in 2006 with Princess Aurora and won again in 2012 with Dancing Queen.[5]

Her 2000s musical output saw declining commercial reception but greater appeal with critics. Uhm began experimenting with electronica on Self Control (2004), and funk on Prestige (2006), the latter of which won Best Dance and Electronic Album at the 4th Korean Music Awards. In 2008, she experienced a commercial resurgence with the single "D.I.S.C.O". Following a nearly decade-long hiatus from music, she released her tenth studio album The Cloud Dream of the Nine in 2017.

Biography

Early life

Uhm was born in Jecheon, North Chungcheong, South Korea. She is the second child of Yoo Gyeong-sook and Uhm Jin-ok, a music teacher who died in a motorcycle accident when she was six. Her younger and only brother Uhm Tae-woong is an actor. Following their father's death, their family struggled financially.[6]

Music career

1990s

Uhm Jung-hwa officially debuted as a singer in 1993 with her first studio album Sorrowful Secret. By the mid-90s she established herself as one of the top Korean female singers and entertainers, with a series of hit singles: "Sad Expectation", "A Love Only Heaven Permits", "Rose of Betrayal", and "Tell Me" .

Uhm's fourth studio album, Invitation, introduced a new mature side of the singer. The music video for its title track caused a lot of controversy due to its suggestive nature. Invitation quickly became one of the highest selling albums of the year and received positive reviews from critics and fans.

She released two of her most recognizable singles of her career, "Poison" and "Invitation" . She remained successful the following year, in 1999, with her fifth studio album 005.1999.06

As of 2020 she currently released ten studio albums, two compilation albums and one extended play.

2000s–present

During the 2000s, Uhm began to focus more on her acting career and committed herself to taking a variety of acting roles. She also began to pursue and experiment with different musical genres, in particular electronica. In 2004, she released her double album Self Control, which featured songs composed by Jung Jae-hyung, Fractal and Roller Coaster. Music critics praised Uhm for her ability to reinvent her image and sound.

After a two-year break from the music scene, she released her ninth studio album Prestige. Throughout the year she released two singles, "Come 2 Me" and "Song of the Wind", each enjoyed positive critical reception. In early 2007, she won a Korean Music Award for Best Electronic Dance Record.

In the summer of 2008, she released her first EP titled D.I.S.C.O with help from her longtime friend Yang Hyun-suk of YG Entertainment. The lead single "D.I.S.C.O" featured T.O.P, a member from the popular boy band Big Bang. The EP was one of the best-selling albums by a female artist in 2008, and was further promoted by the digital single "D.I.S.C.O Part 2" which was a remix version of "D.I.S.C.O" and featured G-Dragon, the leader of BigBang.

After an eight-year-long hiatus Uhm announced that she would be releasing her first new album since D.I.S.C.O in 2008, the album title would be The Cloud Dream of the Nine. She revealed that she would be releasing the album in two parts, the first part would be released on December 27, 2017, and the second part at a later date. Uhm performed the title tracks "Watch Me Move" and "Dreamer" on Gayo Daejeon along with "D.I.S.C.O", she would also perform the two tracks on MCountdown on the January 5. One year after the release of Part 1, Uhm revealed through her Instagram account that she was in the preparation stage of her comeback with part 2 of The Cloud Dream of the Nine.

In the summer of 2020, Uhm joined with singers Lee Hyori, Jessi, and Hwasa to form the "supergroup" Refund Sisters. Their first single, "Don't Touch Me" debuted in October 2020, and reached #1 on the Gaon chart.[7]

Acting career

Uhm has established herself as one of South Korea's top actresses. She is known for her roles in the films Marriage Is a Crazy Thing, Singles, Princess Aurora, Dancing Queen, Seducing Mr. Perfect and Haeundae, which became one of the highest-grossing movies in Korea. She has won two Baeksang Arts Awards for Best Actress, in 2002 for Marriage is a Crazy Thing and again in 2012 for Dancing Queen.

In 2022, Uhm is back on the small screen with the tvN drama Our Blues, which is their comeback on the small screen in 5 years since 2017.[8]

Fashion line

Uhm launched her new clothing and lingerie line, "Corner Suite" and "ZHUM in New York", which made $10M USD within three months of its release. "Corner Suite" became an instant hit when the line debuted on online markets, which immediately sold out, and putting the line with more home shopping channels as for its demand.[9]

Personal life

Uhm was diagnosed with thyroid cancer but fully recovered after surgery in May 2010.[10] Uhm said she felt a little afraid leading up to the surgery, but rather than being discouraged by the pain she was experiencing, she made up her mind to dedicate herself to helping others by inspiring them. "I want to use my talent and influence in a meaningful way," she said.[11]

Impact

Artists who have cited Uhm as an influence or role model include BoA,[12] Lee Hyori,[13] Baek Ji-young,[14] Sandara Park,[15] Tiffany Young,[16] Jung Eun-chae,[17] Son Dam-bi,[18] Kim Yoon-ji,[19] Dal Shabet's Ah Young,[20] Laboum's Solbin,[21] and Apink's Park Cho-rong.[22]

Discography

Studio albums

TitleAlbum detailsPeak chart positionsSales
KOR
[23] [24]
Sorrowful Secret
  • Released: July 1993
  • Label: Samsung
  • Formats: LP, CD, cassette
rowspan="3"
Uhm Jung Hwa 2
  • Released: January 1996
  • Label: Samsung
  • Formats: CD, cassette
After Love (후애)(後愛)
  • Released: March 1997
  • Label: E&E Media
  • Formats: CD, cassette
Invitation
  • Released: August 6, 1998
  • Label: Nuri Entertainment
  • Formats: CD, cassette
005.1999.06
  • Released: June 17, 1999
  • Label: Nuri Entertainment
  • Formats: CD, cassette
1
Queen of Charisma
  • Released: November 1, 2000
  • Label: EMI
  • Formats: CD, cassette
3
Hwa (화)
  • Released: October 30, 2001
  • Label: Istar Entertainment
  • Formats: CD, cassette
5
Self Control
  • Released: February 17, 2004
  • Label: YBM Seoul Records
  • Formats: CD, cassette, digital download
3
Prestige
  • Released: October 26, 2006
  • Label: Sony BMG
  • Formats: CD, cassette, digital download
17
The Cloud Dream of the Nine 22

Compilation albums

TitleAlbum detailsPeak chart positionsSales
KOR
Best...My Songs
  • Released: September 19, 1998
  • Label: E&E Media
  • Formats: CD, cassette
All Details
  • Released: December 28, 1999
  • Label: Nuri Entertainment
  • Formats: CD, cassette
10

Singles

TitleYearPeak chart positionsAlbum
KOR
[34]
"Pupil" (Korean: 눈동자)1993Sorrowful Secret
"Sad Expectation" (Korean: 슬픈기대)1996Uhm Jung Hwa 2
"A Love Only Heaven Permits" (Korean: 하늘만 허락한 사랑)
"Rose of Betrayal" (Korean: 배반의 장미)199770After Love
"After Love" (Korean: 후애 (後愛))
"Poison"19987Invitation
"Invitation" (Korean: 초대)19
"I Don't Know" (Korean: 몰라)1999005.1999.06
"Festival"
"Cross" (Korean: 크로스)All Details
"Escape"2000Queen of Charisma
"Crack" (Korean: )
"All Go Away" (Korean: 다가라)2001Hwa
"Eternity"2004Self Control
"Invitation" (tvN Remix) (초대 tvN Remix)2006
"Come 2 Me"Prestige
"Come 2 Me" (New Remix)
"D.I.S.C.O"
feat. T.O.P
2008D.I.S.C.O
"D.I.S.C.O Part 2"
feat. G-Dragon
"Watch Me Move"2016The Cloud Dream Of The Nine
"Dreamer"70
"Ending Credit"201787
"She"
"Hop in" (Korean: 호피무늬)
feat. Hwasa, DPR Live
2020

OSTs

TitleYearAlbum
"Pupil" (Korean: 눈동자)1993On a Windy Day, We Should Go To Apkujeong Dong OST
"Luxury good" (Korean: 럭셔리 굳)2002Boss X File OST
"Narration"2003Wife OST
"Recipe" (Korean: 레시피)2009He Who Can't Marry OST
"Call My Name"
with Dancing Queens
2012Dancing Queen OST
"Second Chance"
with Dancing Queens feat. Cheetah
"Let Me Cry" 2017You Are Too Much OST
"Who am I?" (Korean: 나는 누구?)
feat. Duk Bae
"Emerald" (Korean: 에메랄드)

Other appearances

TitleYearAlbum
"October - As always" (Korean: 10월 October - 늘 그렇듯)2001ZOY Project 1st
"My love, crybaby" (Korean: 내사랑 울보)2002Jeon Yeong-Rok's 30th Anniversary Dedication Album "Legend"
"Sad Christmas"
Lee Jae-hoon feat. Leessang, Uhm Jung-hwa
2005White winter 2005
"Love is" (Korean: 사랑이란)2008Song Book
"Time passes with you (Original Ver.)" (Korean: 시간은 그대와 흘러 (Original Ver.))
Jung Jae-hyung feat. Lucid Fall, Uhm Jung-hwa
2009Promenade

Filmography

Film

YearTitleRoleNotes
1992 Marriage Story Disc Jockey
1993 On a Windy Day We Must Go to Apgujeong
1994 Blue Seagull Joshua voice
How to Top My Wife Manula jugigi
2002 Marriage Is a Crazy Thing Yeon-hee
2003 Singles Dong-mi
2004 Mr. Handy, Mr. Hong Yoon Hye-Jin
2005 All for Love Hur Yu-jung
Princess Aurora Jung Soon-jung
2006 For Horowitz Kim Ji-soo
Seducing Mr. Perfect
2007 Love Now Seo Yu-na
2009 Insadong Scandal Bae Tae-jin
Tidal Wave Yoo-jin
Five Senses of Eros Lee Jung-ha
2010 Bestseller Baek Hee-soo
2011 Mama Dong-sook
2012 Dancing Queen Herself
2013 In My End Is My Beginning Lee Jung-ha
Montage Ha-kyung
2014 Venus Talk Jung Shin-hye
2015 Wonderful Nightmare Lee Yeon-woo
2020 Okay! MadamMi Young
2023Miss FortuneLee Ji-hye [35] [36]

Television series

YearTitleRoleNotes
1990Sarang
1992The Wild
1993Good Morning Youngdong
Sisters
1994The Rich People Also Cry
Police
Close One Eye
Mystery Melodrama
1995Human Theater
Angel Inside the Mask
Remember to Love
1996Intimacy Between Father and Son
1997Park Bit-na
Star
Beautiful Sin Areumdawoon Joe
2003WifeAhnae
2004Tropical Nights in December
2007Get Karl! Oh Soo-jungOh Soo-jung[37] [38]
2009He Who Can't MarryJang Moon-jung[39] [40]
2014A Witch's LoveBan Ji-yeon[41] [42]
2017You Are Too MuchYoo Ji-na / Kim Hye-jung[43]
2022Our BluesGo Mi-ran [44]
2023Doctor ChaCha Jeong-suk[45] [46]

Reality show

Year Title Role Notes
2020Hangout with YooCast MemberEpisode 56–68
2021On & OffSeason 2[47]
2023Dance Singer's Wandering Troupe[48]

Theater

Year! colspan="2" scope="col"
TitleRoleTheaterDate
EnglishKorean
1997Taxi Driver - Where are you going?택시 드리벌 - 당신은 어디까지 가십니까?Hwa-yiArts and Culture Center Small TheaterFebruary 27–March 18[49]
1997(21st) Seoul Theater Festival: Taxi Driver - Where are you going?(제21회) 서울연극제: 택시 드리벌 - 당신은 어디까지 가십니까?Hwa-yiArts and Culture Center Small TheaterOctober 10–15[50]

Accolades

Acting awards and nominations

YearAwardCategoryNominated WorkResult
199331st Grand Bell AwardsBest New ActressOn a Windy Day We Must Go to Apgujeong
17th Golden Cinema Film FestivalBest Supporting Actress
199516th Blue Dragon Film AwardsBest Supporting ActressHow to Top My Wife
200339th Baeksang Arts AwardsBest Actress (Film)Marriage Is a Crazy Thing
KBS Drama AwardsExcellence Award, ActressWife
200427th Golden Cinematography AwardSpecial AwardMr. Handy
MBC Drama AwardsTop Excellence Award, ActressTropical Nights in December
200627th Blue Dragon Film AwardsBest Leading ActressFor Horowitz
44th Grand Bell AwardsBest Actress
5th Korean Film Awards
7th Busan Film Critics AwardsPrincess Aurora
42nd Baeksang Arts AwardsBest Actress
Donga TV Fashion Beauty AwardFashion Icon
2007Gala Dinner Party sponsored by FKCCIFriendship Award
SBS Drama AwardsExcellence Award, Actress in a MiniseriesGet Karl! Oh Soo-jung
200946th Grand Bell AwardsBest Supporting ActressTidal Wave
201018th Chunsa Film Art AwardsBest ActressBestseller
201248th Baeksang Arts AwardsBest Actress (Film)Dancing Queen
49th Grand Bell AwardsBest Actress
33rd Blue Dragon Film AwardsBest Leading Actress
201334th Blue Dragon Film AwardsMontage
Korean Film Actors AssociationPopular Film Star Award
50th Grand Bell AwardsBest Actress
21st Korean Culture Entertainment Awards
201419th Chunsa Film Art Awards
201552nd Grand Bell AwardsWonderful Nightmare
2017MBC Drama AwardsGrand Prize (Daesang)You Are Too Much
Top Excellence Award, Actress in a Weekend Drama
202020th MBC Entertainment AwardsExcellence Award in Music/Talk Category – FemaleHangout with Yoo[51]
202117th Jecheon International Music and Film FestivalJIMFFACE[52]
20239th APAN Star AwardsTop Excellence Award, Actress in a MiniseriesDoctor Cha[53]
2024CJENM Visionary Awards2024 VisionaryUhm Jung-hwa[54]
60th Baeksang Arts AwardsBest Actress – TelevisionDoctor Cha[55] [56]
Most Popular ActressUhm Jung-hwa

Music awards

YearAwardCategoryNominated WorkResultRef.
1998Golden Disk AwardsBonsang Award (Song Division)"Poison"
1999"I Don't Know"
Mnet Asian Music AwardsBest Female Artist"I Don't Know"
(005.1999.06)
[57] [58]
Best Dance Performance
2000Best Female Artist"Cross"[59]
Golden Disk AwardsBonsang Award (Song Division)"Escape"
SBS Gayo DaejeonMain Prize
2001
MBC Gayo Daejejeon30 years Old and Above Award
KBS Song FestivalMain Prize
Mnet Asian Music AwardsBest Female Artist"Crack" (틈)[60]
2007Korean Music AwardsBest Electronic Dance AlbumPrestige
2008Mnet Asian Music AwardsBest House & Electronic"Disco" ft. T.O.P[61]
Best Female Artist
Best Music Video

Listicles

Publisher! scope="col"
YearListicleRank
Forbes2024Korea Power Celebrity 40[62]
The Screen20192009–2019 Top Box Office Powerhouse Actors in Korean Movies[63]

Other Accolades

In 2021 she was selected as Jury member for Actor and Actress of the Year Award in 26th Busan International Film Festival to be held in October.[64]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: July 18, 2007. 미나, '실제론 서른 다섯이예요. 6세 속여 죄송해요.'. October 12, 2021. Sports Chosun. ko.
  2. News: [섈위토크]엄정화, "후배들의 롤모델? 나는 여전히 현재진행형" ]. April 20, 2009 . March 20, 2010.
  3. Web site: vogue_print . 2008-08-19 . 엄정화는 마돈나와 다를까? . 2022-07-06 . Vogue Korea . ko-KR.
  4. Web site: OSEN . 2011-04-16 . 김완선 컴백, 왜 열기가 뜨거울까 . 2022-07-06 . mosen.mt.co.kr . ko.
  5. Web site: MacDonald . Joan . Uhm Jung-Hwa Is Happy To See Dr. Cha Pursue Her Passion . 2023-08-21 . Forbes . en.
  6. News: 엄정화, "엄마는 포차끌고 난 밀고" 시청자 감동. May 11, 2006.
  7. Web site: Gaon chart . November 2, 2020 . October 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201024041420/http://www.gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=42&hitYear=2020&termGbn=week . dead .
  8. Web site: 엄정화, tvN '우리들의 블루스'로 5년 만에 안방극장 귀환…이정은과 그려낼 애증 케미 '기대 UP. Yoo Byung-chul. Uhm Jung-hwa returns to the small screen after 5 years with tvN's 'Our Blues'... Love-hate chemistry with Lee Jung-eun, ‘Expectation UP. Korea Economy TV. Naver. March 29, 2022. March 29, 2022. ko.
  9. Web site: Uhm Jung Hwa - singer/actress - kpop . Jpopasia.com . August 14, 2012.
  10. Web site: Uhm Jung Hwa Talks Battle Against Thyroid Cancer and Surgery. Soompi. January 12, 2012.
  11. Web site: 'Dancing Queen' Uhm Returns to Screen After Thyroid Surgery. The Chosun Ilbo. January 14, 2012.
  12. Web site: "외로움 또한 나의 직업"…보아가 전한 #Better #데뷔 20주년 #엄정화 #박진영 ('최파타') [종합] ]. My Daily . . April 2, 2022 . ko . December 2, 2020.
  13. News: http://entertain.naver.com/music/now/read?oid=117&aid=0002876364. ko:'컴백' 이효리 "1년 뒤 마흔, 실감 안나…마음은 20대" [화보]. July 3, 2017. ko.
  14. Web site: 백지영 "롤모델은 엄정화, 에일리·린·거미도 고마워" [인터뷰 스포일러] ]. Baek Ji-young "Role model is Uhm Jung-hwa, also grateful for Ailee, Lin, Gummy" [Interview spoiler] . Sports Today . April 2, 2022 . ko . October 4, 2019.
  15. Web site: 산다라박 "롤모델? 만능 엔터테이너 엄정화, 너무 멋져" ('언니네 쌀롱') . Sandara Park "Role model? Uhm Jung-hwa, an all-round entertainer, is so cool" ('Sister's Salon') . My Daily . April 2, 2022 . ko . February 25, 2020.
  16. Web site: [인터뷰①] 티파니 영 "롤모델은 엄정화, 선배님 에너지 닮고파" ]. [Interview ①] Tiffany Young “My role model is Uhm Jung-hwa, I want to look like senior’s energy” . Maeil Business Daily . April 2, 2022 . ko . August 16, 2019.
  17. Web site: Hong. Seong-hoon. August 10, 2021. [화보] 채은정 "롤모델은 엄정화-이효리"]. [Picture] Chae Eun-jung 'Role models are Uhm Jung-hwa and Lee Hyori'. September 30, 2021. NBN News. ko.
  18. Web site: '패션앤 개편' 손담비 "롤모델 엄정화, 가수·연기 병행" . Son Dam-bi "Role model Uhm Jung-hwa, singer and acting concurrently" . Edaily . April 2, 2022 . ko . October 27, 2017.
  19. Web site: [bnt화보] 김윤지 "롤모델은 엄정화, 정말 존경스럽고 멋져" ]. [bnt pictorial] Kim Yoon-ji “Role model is Uhm Jung-hwa, really respectable and cool” . . April 2, 2022 . July 29, 2021.
  20. Web site: 달샤벳 출신 배우 조아영 " 롤모델은 엄정화" [화보] ]. Actor Jo Ah-young from Dal Shabet “Role model is Uhm Jung-hwa” [Picture] . . . April 2, 2022 . ko . September 8, 2021.
  21. Web site: [MD인터뷰②] 솔빈 "'대세? 아직 부족해, 롤모델 이효리·엄정화" ]. My Daily . . April 2, 2022 . ko . May 9, 2018.
  22. Web site: [인터뷰]박초롱 "연기하면서 내가 가둔 '틀' 깨…롤모델은 엄정화" ]. [Interview] Park Cho-rong "I broke the 'frame' that I locked up while acting... My role model is Uhm Jung-hwa" . . . April 2, 2022 . ko . June 30, 2020.
  23. Web site: K-pop Album Sales Volume. Recording Industry Association of Korea. ko. https://web.archive.org/web/20090219201306/http://www.miak.or.kr/navigator.php?contents=html&usemode=list&DB=117. February 19, 2009. October 29, 2019. live.
    • Web site: 005.1999.06 charting. https://web.archive.org/web/20081216151457/http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_199906.htm. December 16, 2008. October 29, 2019.
    • Web site: Queen of Charisma charting. https://web.archive.org/web/20180630000203/http://riak.or.kr/chart/cdc/2000-11.pdf. June 30, 2018. October 29, 2019.
    • Web site: Hwa charting. https://web.archive.org/web/20081205042330/http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_200110.htm. December 5, 2008. October 29, 2019.
    • Web site: Self Control charting. https://web.archive.org/web/20090302065940/http://miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_200402.htm. March 2, 2009. October 29, 2019.
    • Web site: Prestige charting. https://web.archive.org/web/20080926004613/http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/Kpop_200610.htm. September 26, 2008. October 29, 2019. dead.
    • Web site: All Details charting. https://web.archive.org/web/20090228163323/http://miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_199912.htm. February 28, 2009. October 30, 2019.
    • Web site: D.I.S.C.O charting. https://web.archive.org/web/20090215030424/http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_200807.htm. February 15, 2009. October 30, 2019.
  24. Web site: Gaon Album Chart. Gaon Music Chart. ko. October 29, 2019.
  25. Web site: January 1999 K-pop Album Sales Volume. Recording Industry Association of Korea. ko. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20070718173144/http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_199901.htm. July 18, 2007. October 29, 2019.
  26. Web site: November 1999 K-pop Album Sales Volume. Recording Industry Association of Korea. ko. https://web.archive.org/web/20070718172526/http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_199911.htm. July 18, 2007. October 29, 2019.
  27. Web site: 2000 K-pop Album Sales Volume. Recording Industry Association of Korea. ko. https://web.archive.org/web/20090228163742/http://miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_2000_2h.htm. February 28, 2009. October 29, 2019.
  28. Web site: January 2002 K-pop Album Sales Volume. Recording Industry Association of Korea. ko. https://web.archive.org/web/20090116203111/http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_200201.htm. January 16, 2009. October 29, 2019.
  29. Web site: First Half of 2004 K-pop Album Sales Volume. Recording Industry Association of Korea. ko. https://web.archive.org/web/20070718172858/http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_2004-1h.htm. July 18, 2007. October 29, 2019.
  30. Web site: October 2006 K-pop Album Sales Volume. Recording Industry Association of Korea. ko. https://web.archive.org/web/20080926004613/http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/Kpop_200610.htm. September 26, 2008. October 29, 2019. dead.
  31. Web site: December 1998 K-pop Album Sales Volume. Recording Industry Association of Korea. ko. https://web.archive.org/web/19990822122917/http://riak.or.kr/riak/sale/f-sale.html. August 22, 1999. October 29, 2019.
  32. Web site: May 2000 K-pop Album Sales Volume. Recording Industry Association of Korea. ko. https://web.archive.org/web/20070718172728/http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_200005.htm. July 18, 2007. October 29, 2019. live.
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