| Embassy of the United States, Tehran | |
| Native Name: | سفارت ایالات متحده آمریکا، تهران |
| Native Language: | fa |
| Location: | Tehran, Iran |
| Coordinates: | 35.708°N 51.424°W |
| Designation1 Free1name: | Opened |
| Designation1 Free2name: | Closed |
| Designation1 Free3name: | Ambassador |
The Embassy of the United States of America in Tehran (Persian: سفارت آمریکا در تهران) was the American diplomatic mission in the Imperial State of Iran. Direct bilateral diplomatic relations between the two governments were severed following the Iranian Revolution in 1979, and the subsequent seizure of the embassy in November 1979.[1] [2]
The embassy was designed in 1948 by the architect Ides van der Gracht, the designer also of the Embassy of the United States in Ankara (Republic of Turkey). It was a long, low two-story brick building, similar in architectural style to many American high schools built in the 1930s and 1940s. For this reason, the building was nicknamed "Henderson High" by the local embassy staff, referring to Loy W. Henderson (1892-1986), who became America's ambassador to the Empire of Iran, to its Imperial government and the Shah of Iran (emperor), just after construction was completed in 1951.[3]
The U.S. diplomatic mission has been defunct and the building has not been used by the Americans and their United States Department of State since the Iran hostage crisis of 1979-1980. Since then, the United States federal government has been represented in Iran to the successor Islamic Republic of Iran by the Protecting Power agreement with the United States Interests Section of the friendly neutral Embassy of Switzerland in Tehran.[4] The name given to the compound by the embassy's illegal occupiers and still used by many Iranians is variously translated as the "den of spies", "espionage den," "den of espionage", and "nest of spies".[5] [6] [7]
After the fall and violent occupation of the American Embassy, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps used it as a training center, and continue to maintain the complex.[8] The brick walls that form the perimeter (the embassy grounds are the size of a city block) feature a number of anti-American murals commissioned by the government of Iran. The site has also housed a bookstore and a museum.[9] Part of the embassy has been turned into an anti-American museum, and several Iranian college / university student organizations maintain offices in the former U.S. embassy complex.[10] As of January 2017, the site is open to the Iranian public and foreigners. The decorative Great Seal of the United States is badly damaged, but still visible overhead at the building's entryway.
The Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line published documents seized in the embassy (including painstakingly reconstructed shredded documents) in a series of books called "Documents from the US Espionage Den" (fa|اسناد لانه جاسوس امریكا, Persian: Asnād-e lāneh-e jasusi Amrikā).[11] These books included telegrams, correspondence, and reports from the United States Department of State and Central Intelligence Agency, some of which remain classified to this day.
When diplomatic relations were broken, the United States appointed Switzerland to be its protecting power in Iran. Informal relations are carried out through the United States Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy. Services for American citizens are limited. The section is not authorized to perform any U.S. visa/green card/immigration-related services.[10] As of 2024, U.S. visa/green card services and interviews for Iranian citizens are conducted at U.S. Embassies and Consulates in other locations, namely Ankara, Dubai, and Yerevan whose U.S. Embassies and consulates are staffed with Persian-speaking consular officers.[12]
In February 2009, the Iranian police arrested Marco Kämpf, the Swiss diplomat acting as the First Secretary of the US Interests, after finding him with an Iranian woman facing him in the driver's seat of his official diplomatic car. He was immediately recalled to Switzerland.[13] [14]
See main article: Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C..
The U.S. State Department seized the former Iranian Embassy at 3003-3005 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. in Washington, D.C. in retaliation for the invasion, seizure and occupation of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran since 1979-1980. The Iranian Interests Section for any activities in the United States, operates out of the Pakistani Embassy (for the Islamic Republic of Pakistan).[15] [16]