USS Desert Ship (LLS-1) explained
USS Desert Ship (LLS-1) is a concrete blockhouse providing assembly and launch facilities simulating shipboard conditions for Navy surface-to-air weapons testing[1] at the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) Weapons Division – White Sands.[2]
Origin
The beginning of construction of the Desert Ship coincided with the start of testing of the RIM-8 Talos missile. Although there was a mock christening upon completion of the building, the Desert Ship has never been commissioned and special permission from Congress was required to name the building "USS Desert Ship".[3] The designation "LLS" stands for "Land Locked Ship".
History
Desert Ship was originally used to test the Talos missile. Subsequent uses have included testing the Standard Missile,[4] Aegis Weapons System,[5] and, in mid-2008, the Standard Missile 6.[6]
The Desert Ship is one of two "Land-Locked Ships" operated by the U.S. Navy, the other being the USS Rancocas in New Jersey.[7]
Chronology
- 13 April 1941 – Alamogordo Army Airfield established.[1]
- December 1941 – Public land grazing leases were canceled on the newly formed Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range.[1]
- 20 February 1945 – White Sands Proving Ground (WSPG) established as a missile test range.[1]
- 26 September 1945 – A modified Navy Tiny Tim (rocket) configured as a booster for WAC Corporal became the first missile launched by the Army at WSPG.[1]
- October 1945 – United States Army Air Corps Chief of Ordnance (OCO) invited the Navy to participate in the WSPG guided missile program.[1]
- January 1946 – OCO offered Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) use of captured V-2 rockets for research; and NRL established the Rocket and Satellite Research Panel chaired by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) Dr. James Van Allen.[1]
- 17 May 1946 – WSPG Naval Ordnance Missile Test Facility established.[1]
- July 1946 – Navy Bureau of Ordnance began construction of the WSPG Navy Cantonment Area.[1]
- May 1947 – Navy began construction of the Launch Complex 35 (LC-35) blockhouse with two tiltable, 140-foot Aerobee launch towers.[1]
- 24 November 1947 – Navy launched the first fully configured Aerobee sounding rocket, which carried cosmic-ray instruments to an altitude of 36.7 miles.[1]
- 3 May 1949 – First launch of the Navy's Viking (rocket) reached an altitude of 50 miles.[1]
- Late 1949 – After a V–2 was launched at sea from the deck of USS Midway, the Navy intentionally toppled and exploded a fully fueled V–2 on a segment of carrier flight deck (Operation Pushover) at WSPG.[1]
- 21 November 1950 – Viking 5 set a single-stage altitude record of 107 miles.[1]
- August 1951 – Viking set a single-stage altitude and speed record of 135 miles at 4,100 miles per hour.[1]
- 1951 – Talos program testing moves to WSPG from Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake.[1]
- August 1952 – First Talos missile launch at WSPG.[1]
- May 1953 – Base name formally changed from White Sands Proving Ground to White Sands Missile Range (WSMR).[8]
- June 1953 – Construction completed for USS Desert Ship blockhouse.[1]
- May 1954 – Viking 11 set a single-stage altitude record of 158 miles.[1]
- April 1957 – Aerobee-Hi set a single stage altitude record of 190 miles.[1]
- 1957 – Completion of the Desert Ship deckhouse addition enabled missile assembly to be moved from headquarters to Desert Ship.[1]
- September 1957 – The first land-based Talos Defense Unit (TDU) was completed just west of Desert Ship.[1]
- December 1957 – The first launch of a TDU-directed Talos scored a direct hit on the target drone.[1]
- March 1961 – First launch of the Typhon Combat System[1]
- 1966 – Testing of RIM-2 Terrier and RIM-24 Tartar missiles was shifted to WSMR from China Lake.[9]
- 1983 – Aegis fleet fire-control system completed development at WSMR and entered fleet service.[9]
References
- Web site: A Brief History of White Sands Proving Ground 1941–1965. New Mexico State University. 19 August 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120311032614/http://nmsua.edu/tiopete/files/2008/12/wspgcoldbook.pdf. 11 March 2012. dmy-all.
- Web site: White Sands. https://web.archive.org/web/20020301091845/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/whisands.htm. dead. 1 March 2002. 26 June 2008.
- Web site: The Navy Blasted Off at Launch Complex 35. Hands Across History. August 2007. 4–7. White Sands Historical Foundation, White Sands Pioneer Group. George Helfrich. 26 June 2008.
- Web site: The First Forty Years. 52. 1983. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. 26 June 2008.
- News: U.S. Navy Test Confirms Missile Firing Capability of Aegis Open Architecture. https://web.archive.org/web/20080308222245/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS121960+28-Jan-2008+PRN20080128. dead. 8 March 2008. 26 June 2006. 28 January 2008 . Reuters.
- Web site: US Navy Conducts First Test of Raytheon Standard Missile 6. Farlex, Inc.. 28 June 2008. 5 June 2010.
- https://books.google.com/books?id=TbByQl2h0LcC&dq=uss+rancocas&pg=PA51 Secret gadgets and strange gizmos
- Web site: Chronology: Cowboys to V-2s to the Space Shuttle to lasers.
- Web site: The Navy Blasted Off at Launch Complex 35. Hands Across History. 19 August 2010.
