| USA-135 | |
| Names List: | Navstar 2A-19 GPS IIA-19 GPS II-28 GPS SVN-38 |
| Mission Type: | Navigation |
| Operator: | U.S. Air Force |
| Cospar Id: | 1997-067A |
| Satcat: | 25030 |
| Mission Duration: | 7.5 years (planned) 16.8 years (achieved) |
| Spacecraft: | GPS IIA |
| Spacecraft Type: | GPS Block IIA |
| Manufacturer: | Rockwell International |
| Dimensions: | of long |
| Power: | 710 watts |
| Launch Date: | 6 November 1997, 00:30:00 UTC |
| Launch Rocket: | Delta II 7925-9.5 (Delta D249) |
| Launch Site: | Cape Canaveral, LC-17A |
| Launch Contractor: | McDonnell Douglas |
| Entered Service: | 13 December 1997 |
| Disposal Type: | Graveyard orbit |
| Deactivated: | 30 October 2014 |
| Orbit Reference: | Geocentric orbit |
| Orbit Regime: | Medium Earth orbit (Semi-synchronous) |
| Orbit Slot: | A3 (slot 3 plane A) |
| Orbit Inclination: | 54.90° |
| Orbit Period: | 722.00 minutes |
| Apsis: | gee |
| Programme: | Global Positioning System |
| Previous Mission: | USA-132 (GPS IIR-2) |
| Next Mission: | USA-145 (GPS IIR-3) |
USA-135, also known as GPS IIA-19, GPS II-28 and GPS SVN-38, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the last of nineteen Block IIA GPS satellites to be launched.
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55.0°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.[1]
GPS Block 2 was the operational system, following the demonstration system composed of Block 1 (Navstar 1 - 11) spacecraft. These spacecraft were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied 710 watts of power. They used S-band (SGLS) communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. The payload consisted of two L-band navigation signals at 1575.42 MHz (L1) and 1227.60 MHz (L2). Each spacecraft carried 2 rubidium and 2 Cesium clocks and nuclear detonation detection sensors. Built by Rockwell Space Systems for the U.S. Air force, the spacecraft measured 5.3 m across with solar panels deployed and had a design life of 7.5 years.[1]
USA-135 was launched at 00:30:00 UTC on 6 November 1997, atop a Delta II launch vehicle, flight number D249, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration.[2] The launch took place from Launch Complex 17A (LC-17A) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS),[3] and placed USA-135 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37XFP apogee motor.[4]
On 13 December 1997, USA-135 was in an orbit with a perigee of, an apogee of, a period of 722.00 minutes, and 54.90° of inclination to the equator.[5] It broadcasts the PRN 08 signal, and operates in slot 3 of plane A of the GPS constellation.[6] The satellite has a mass of . It had a design life of 7.5 years,[4] but it actually remained in service until 30 October 2014.