UPMC Presbyterian explained

UPMC Presbyterian
Org/Group:University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Funding:Non-profit
Type:Teaching
Affiliation:University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Beds:900
Speciality:Teaching
Opened:1893
Constructed:1930
Former-Names:
  • Presbyterian-University Hospital
  • Presbyterian University Hospital
  • Presbyterian Hospital
Website:UPMC Presbyterian Website
H1-Number:1
H1-Length-F:45 x 55
H1-Surface:concrete
Coordinates:40.4428°N -79.9608°W
Address:200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Map Size:300

UPMC Presbyterian, often referred to locally as Presby, is a 900-bed[1] non-profit[2] [3] research and academic hospital located in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, providing tertiary care for the Western Pennsylvania region and beyond. It comprises the Presbyterian campus of the combined UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside hospital entity. It is the largest hospital in Pennsylvania as of 2018.

The medical center is a part of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center health system and is the flagship hospital of the system.[4] UPMC Presbyterian also features a state verified Level 1 Trauma Center, 1 of 3 in Pittsburgh.[5] [6] Although UPMC Presbyterian has no pediatric services, Presby has the equipment to stabilize and transfer pediatric emergency cases to the nearby UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.[7]

UPMC Presbyterian is affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and is physically conjoined to the medical school's primary facility, Scaife Hall.[8] [9] UPMC Presbyterian is also connected via enclosed pedestrian bridges and tunnels to UPMC Montefiore hospital, UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, the Eye & Ear Institute, Falk Clinic, the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing's Victoria Hall, the University of Pittsburgh's (Pitt) Lothrop Hall student residence, and multiple university biomedical science towers.[10] [11] [12]

Despite the name, UPMC Presbyterian has no affiliation with the Presbyterian Church, aside from the founder being the wife of a Presbyterian minister.

History

19th century

UPMC Presbyterian dates back to the early ideas of Louise Wotring Lyle, the wife of a local Presbyterian minister, Joseph Lyle. Lyle had attended medical school years earlier, but failed out due to the prejudice of male administrators. Lyle (along with other prominent females) founded the Women's Medical College of Cincinnati, later graduating with her MD from the college, she returned to Pittsburgh to open up a Presbyterian-based hospital. As Lyle was working with limited funds, she had founded the hospital with only five dollars and a line of credit[13]

UPMC Presbyterian was founded as Presbyterian Hospital in 1893 by Lyle in what was then the town of Allegheny, which became the north side of Pittsburgh in 1907, when it was annexed by the city.[14] [15]

20th century

Two years later, Lyle founded the Presbyterian Hospital School of Nursing, which later became the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing.[16] In 1910 the hospital moved to a new location near the original.[17]

The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine then worked out informal agreements for teaching and staffing privileges with a number of local hospitals to train their medical students and residents.[18] At the same time, Presbyterian hospital started to go through financial hardships that led to the eventual move to the new hospital funded by the University of Pittsburgh.[19]

In the mid-1920's the University of Pittsburgh and its School of Medicine desired to establish an academic medical center on their campus, and by the mid-1920s had formed a plan with a coalition of city hospitals to have them relocate to the Oakland neighborhood of the city that the university had itself moved to in 1909.[20] [21] [22] On November 1, 1926, Children's became the first hospital in the Oakland neighborhood on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh, with Presbyterian Hospital making plans to occupy the adjacent site.[23]

The university provided Presbyterian Hospital, then located on the North Side, with a tract of land on its campus for construction of a new hospital which broke ground in 1930 and was subsequently opened in 1938.[24] By the end of the 1930s, the University of Pittsburgh had helped to form the "University Medical Center" which included Falk Clinic, Children's, Eye and Ear, Libby Steele Magee, Presbyterian, and Women's Hospital, as well as the planned Municipal Hospital.[25] [26] Through the years, the university and the hospitals moved toward an ever-tightening alliance. In 1965, the university, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic which was managed by the School of Medicine, Presbyterian-University, Magee and Women's, Eye and Ear, and Children's Hospitals incorporated the University Health Center of Pittsburgh (UHCP). In 1969, Montefiore Hospital joined UHCP.[27]

In 1947, Jonas Salk took a job at the University of Pittsburgh as an associate professor of bacteriology and the head of the Virus Research Lab. While at Pitt, he began research on polio and the process of developing a vaccination.[28] In 1952 Salk had created the first Polio vaccination. Salk went on CBS radio to report a successful study on a small group of adults and children and two days later Salk published the results of the study in the Journal of the American Medical Association.[29] [30]

In the 1970s, a new model of administration, in which clinical revenues were invested into research, was implemented at Western Psychiatric under the leadership of Thomas Detre.[31] [32] [33] After guiding the psychiatric institute to become one of the largest recipients of National Institute of Health funding, Detre assumed leadership overseeing all six of the university's schools of health sciences in the early 1980s. Implementing the same administrative model in those units, the collective schools of the health sciences and medical center were ultimately transformed into one of the largest centers for biomedical research in the nation.[34] In the 1970s, the name of the hospital was changed to Presbyterian-University Hospital to reflect the increased academic affiliation.[35]

In 1981, a pioneering surgeon called the Father of Transplantation, Dr. Thomas E. Starzl came to the hospital, on condition that he would be free of administrative tasks and able to focus on medicine.[36] [37] In a matter of a few years he launched the country's first pediatric and adult liver transplant program.[38] On February 14, 1984, under the direction of Starzl, Drs. Byers W. Shaw Jr. and Henry T. Bahnson successfully completed the world's' first simultaneous heart and liver organ transplant on six-year-old Stormie Jones at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.[39] During his tenure, Starzl also pioneered the use of a new anti-rejection drug called tacrolimus. Starzl was the head of transplantation at the hospital until 1991 when he stepped down from clinical and surgical duties and shifted all of his focus to research.[40]

On September 9, 1984, a story was published by author Andrew Schneider in The Pittsburgh Press criticizing the hospitals' use of unsupervised first and second-year residents in the emergency departments. The article went on to say that these practices were compromising patient care and the education of the residents.[41] A week later, on September 16, The Pittsburgh Press published another article criticizing the original article and claiming that many claims made by Schneider were false or industry standard.[42]

Ground was broken in 1982, and in January 1986 a new tower called the "Main Tower" was opened at the neighboring Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. The opening was delayed after a slight issue led to a leaking pipe, damaging the lobby at Presbyterian.[43] The Main Tower had a rooftop heliport with connections to UPMC Presbyterian Hospital that were accessed through multiple floors.[44] While the tower belonged to Children's, its radiology department was shared by Children's and Presbyterian Hospital.[45] [46]

In 1986, Presbyterian merged with the nearby Montefiore Hospital to create the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, later changing the name to UPMC Presbyterian.[47] Under Starzl, by 1988 Presbyterian Hospital had grown to have one of the world's largest transplant programs with more than half of the worlds' transplants taking place at Presbyterian.[48]

In the 1990s the name of the hospital was changed from Presbyterian-University Hospital to Presbyterian University Hospital because hospital CEO, Jeffrey Romoff wanted a more unified branding after the merger with nearby Montefiore Hospital.[49]

21st century

In January 2001, American Nobel Prize laureate, Herbert A. Simon underwent surgery at UPMC Presbyterian to remove a cancerous tumor in his abdomen. Although the surgery was successful, Simon later succumbed to the complications that followed.[50] [51]

The old Children's Hospital location was closed on May 2, 2009, when the hospital moved to the new location in the Lawrenceville neighborhood.[52] The original children's building was demolished in 2011 and the main tower with the helipad remained standing (as Presbyterian South) until the helipad and laboratories could move over to the Presbyterian building in 2013.[53] The façade to Presbyterian now just consists of the renovated old bridge between Presbyterian and Children's which was completed in 2016 at a cost of $28.7 million.[54] [55]

In 2013, UPMC Presbyterian finished construction on their new rooftop helipad for critical transports. The need for the new helipad came from the fact that the previous helipad was located on the old Children's Hospital tower which was scheduled to be demolished.[56] The helipad is operated by Stat Medevac, a Pittsburgh-based emergency transport organization who also maintains a dispatch center at UPMC Presbyterian.[57] [58]

In 2017 UPMC Presbyterian chair of orthopedics, Freddie Fu performed a repair to European soccer star Zlatan Ibrahimovic's knee after Ibrahimovic tore his ACL during a game.[59] [60] The next year, in June 2018, American model and Miss USA 1971 winner, Michele McDonald underwent a life-saving double lung transplant at UPMC Presbyterian Hospital in Pittsburgh. She later died due to complications from the surgery.[61]

On October 27, 2018, a man with anti-Semitic views entered Tree of Life synagogue and started to open fire upon the worshippers inside. In total, 11 people were killed and 8 people were injured with the majority of the injured taken to the trauma center at UPMC Presbyterian, with fewer taken to UPMC Mercy and Allegheny General Hospital, the other two Pittsburgh trauma centers.[62] [63] [64] In the aftermath of the shooting, United States President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump travelled to Pittsburgh to visit the injured police officers, victims, and medics at the hospital.[65] [66]

During the ongoing 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, UPMC Presbyterian (as with all UPMC Hospitals) limited their visiting policies and introduced updated visiting guidelines to help stop the spread of the virus through hospital visits.[67] [68]

In the wake of the pandemic, the University of Pittsburgh announced that the student dormitory, Lothrop Hall would be opened to house doctors and other healthcare providers from UPMC Presbyterian and nearby hospital, UPMC Montefiore.[69] [70] [71]

Later that year in July 2020, UPMC Presbyterian had to shut down one of its patient care units after multiple staff tested positive from the unit, moving patients from the unit to others in the hospital while a deep cleaning took place.[72] [73] [74]

UPMC Presbyterian also leads all hospitals in Western Pennsylvania in COVID-19 clinical trials and new drug therapies, and has the most in federal aid to help find drugs and fund clinical trials.[75] [76]

On December 14, the first doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in Pennsylvania were issued to healthcare workers. Charmaine Pykosh, an acute care nurse in the surgical/intensive care unit at UPMC Presbyterian in Pittsburgh, received the first dose of the vaccine in Pennsylvania.[77]

In September 2018, UPMC unveiled plans to create a new 900,000 square-foot hospital, UPMC Heart and Transplant Hospital at UPMC Presbyterian on the site of the former Children's Hospital.[78] [79] When the project was first announced in 2018 it was set that the hospital would open by 2023, however UPMC has extended the timeline by two years with the new estimated open being 2025.[80] The new 18-story inpatient building is projected to open in 2025 and will include 620 all private patient rooms.[81] [82] The hospital is still scheduled to open in 2025 and plans for construction have not been impacted by the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.[83]

The hospital is designed to highlight the world-famous transplant program at UPMC, made famous by pioneer, Dr. Thomas Starzl.[84] UPMC Heart and Transplant Hospital will the region's largest hospital dedicated to one specialty.[85]

The addition will add 900,000 square feet to space on the UPMC Presbyterian campus, without adding any beds overall. Patient care units at Presbyterian will be converted to offices. UPMC has also announced that they would be partnering with technology firm Microsoft to build the hospitals, integrating technology into the design to help reduce the friction between technology and healthcare workers.[86] [87] [88]

In May 2021, UPMC announced that the new date for construction would be near the end of 2022 due to a mixture of both the COVID-19 pandemic and labor shortages.[89]

In December 2021, UPMC announced that they had bought another section of land adjacent to the site and started meeting with local community and planning boards with the hope to begin construction on the new hospital by the end of 2022.[90] [91]

In June 2022, UPMC broke ground on the structure. The structure is currently known as the "New UPMC Presbyterian."[92]

Teaching hospital

Since UPMC Presbyterian is a teaching hospital, it is affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and is physically conjoined to the medical school's primary facility, Scaife Hall. UPMC Presbyterian is also connected via enclosed pedestrian bridges and tunnels to UPMC Montefiore hospital, UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, the Eye & Ear Institute, Falk Clinic, the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing's Victoria Hall, the University of Pittsburgh's Lothrop Hall student residence, and multiple university biomedical science towers.

Awards

In 1987, the hospital was named as one of the country's 64 best hospitals in the widely published book, "The Best Hospitals in America."

In 2005, UPMC Presbyterian was ranked as the #13 best hospital nationwide on the U.S. News & World Report: Best Hospitals Honor Roll. In addition, seven of Presby's specialties were ranked nationally.[93]

In 2011, the hospital was listed among Becker's Hospital Review 50 Best Hospitals in America.[94]

UPMC Presbyterian was ranked nationally in 14 adult specialties and high performing in one on the 2012-13 U.S. News & World Report: Best Hospital rankings.[95] In addition, the hospital was ranked as #10 in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.[96]

The hospital has received the "America’s 100 Best Hospitals for Prostate Surgery Award" from Healthgrades for 2019, 2020, and 2021.[97]

In 2019, the hospital was named to the "100 great hospitals in America" list by medical publication Becker's Hospital Review.[98]

In 2019 and 2020, UPMC Presbyterian received an A grade from The Leapfrog Group's Fall 2019 Hospital Safety Grade.[99] [100] The hospital again received an A grade on the spring 2020 Hospital Safety Grade.[101] [102] As of 2020, UPMC Presbyterian has placed nationally in 11 ranked specialties and is "high performing" in 3 specialties on the U.S. News & World Report.[103] In the 2019-20 Best Hospitals Honor Roll, UPMC Presbyterian ranked as the 15 best hospital in the United States with rankings in 11 of their specialties.[104] [105] In 2020 UPMC Presbyterian was awarded two Women's Choice Awards as top 6% in orthopedics and top 1% in cancer care.[106] In 2020 the hospital was recognized by Human Rights Campaign Foundation as a "Top Performer" in their forward thinking LGBTQ policies and initiatives.[107] [108] In July 2020 the publication, Newsweek ranked UPMC Presbyterian as #33 on their list of the world's best hospitals.[109]

The hospital, ranked together with UPMC Shadyside, ranked nationally in 11 adult specialties and as #2 in Pennsylvania (after Penn Presbyterian) on the 2020-21 U.S. News & World Report: Best Hospitals rankings.[110]

2020-21 U.S. News & World Report Rankings for UPMC Presbyterian[111] [112] !Specialty!Rank (In the U.S.)!Score (Out of 100)
Cancer
  1. 15
63.5
Cardiology & Heart SurgeryHigh Performing53.7
Diabetes & Endocrinology
  1. 46
55.1
Ear, Nose & Throat
  1. 32
67.0
Gastroenterology & GI Surgery
  1. 17
72.7
Geriatrics
  1. 23
82.1
Nephrology
  1. 40
56.4
Neurology & Neurosurgery
  1. 24
72.1
OphthalmologyNot Ranked1.5
Orthopedics
  1. 19
57.8
PsychiatryHigh Performing3.6
Pulmonology & Lung Surgery
  1. 41
69.3
RehabilitationHigh Performing4.5
Rheumatology
  1. 12
5.4
Urology
  1. 35
63.8

Controversy

In 2017 it was discovered that five patients have died from mold infections since October 2014. UPMC suspended all of their transplants while investigating what was causing the deaths. An investigation into the deaths revealed that mold was found in linens on patient beds. These linens were found to have come from Paris Healthcare Linens, UPMC's linen provider.[113] UPMC then hired investigators to test hospital sites and Paris Linen facilities.[114] The mold was found in all areas of Paris and found on linens at UPMC Presbyterian. Multiple wrongful death lawsuits were filed against the hospital and UPMC has settled in few of them.[115] UPMC continues to contract with Paris in 22 out of 25 of their hospitals.[116] [117] Paris was also implicated in the lawsuits and has settled out of court with the plaintiffs.[118] [119] UPMC has published two peer-reviewed reports on the Mucorales contamination of healthcare linens at other major U.S. hospitals as well as describing interventions to remediate linen contamination of Mucorales in a laundry facility.[120] [121]

In May 2019 members of the public voiced concerns at a board meeting at UPMC Presbyterian over UPMC's practices of not acting like the non-profit that they are. Pennsylvania Lieutenant Governor, John Fetterman attended and made the statement "In 10 years, I haven't seen UPMC do the right thing."[122]

Notable people

Faculty

Patients

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: PACCM Hospitals Department of Medicine. en-US. March 30, 2020. March 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200330050022/https://dom.pitt.edu/paccm/clinical/hospitals/. live.
  2. Web site: Abraham. Tony. February 15, 2019. Charitable enough? UPMC case highlights increased scrutiny of nonprofit hospitals. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200330050021/https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/charitable-enough-upmc-case-highlights-increased-scrutiny-of-nonprofit-hos/548289/. March 30, 2020. March 30, 2020. Healthcare Dive. en-US.
  3. News: Giant hospital system's charity status challenged. Johnson. Carolyn. February 7, 2019. Washington Post. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200116122435/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2019/02/07/giant-hospital-systems-charity-status-challenged/. January 16, 2020. March 30, 2020.
  4. Web site: The UPMC Story. UPMC Life Changing Medicine. en. April 3, 2020. April 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200413172408/https://www.upmc.com/about/why-upmc/story. live.
  5. Web site: PA Trauma Systems Foundation. ptsf.org. March 30, 2020. May 23, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190523214610/http://ptsf.org/index.php/our-trauma-centers/trauma-center/upmc-presbyterian. live.
  6. Web site: Fact Sheet: Facts About Pennsylvania's Trauma Centers - Resource Center. www.haponline.org. March 30, 2020. June 16, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200616020145/https://www.haponline.org/Resource-Center?resourceid=81. live.
  7. Book: Murugan. Raghavan. Rapid Response System: A Practical Guide. Darby. Joseph M.. 2018. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-061247-4. en. December 3, 2020. December 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201203021932/https://books.google.com/books?id=K5NODwAAQBAJ&pg=PA306&lpg=PA306&dq=upmc+presbyterian&source=bl&ots=-t7pHJflPt&sig=ACfU3U2OjUr1wT9fnedS3jGJncinp2NKqQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ26P83rDtAhXETDABHRoGCug4ggEQ6AEwAXoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=upmc%20presbyterian&f=false. live.
  8. Web site: About UPMC Admissions & Financial Aid University of Pittsburgh. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044411/https://www.medadmissions.pitt.edu/admissions/who-we-are/about-upmc. September 26, 2020. April 3, 2020. www.medadmissions.pitt.edu.
  9. News: Steele. Bruce. May 1, 1997. Pitt, UPMCD, UPMCS: Keeping it all straight is difficult. University Times. live. September 1, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20120216062114/http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-db=ustory.fp5&-format=d.html&-lay=a&-sortfield=issueid::issuedate&-sortorder=descend&keywords=presbyterian%20university%20hospital&-max=50&-recid=38683&-find=. February 16, 2012.
  10. Web site: 2009. Crossing the Bridge. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044409/https://www.upmc.com/-/media/upmc/locations/hospitals/presbyterian/documents/pres09937.pdf. September 26, 2020. April 4, 2020. UPMC.
  11. Web site: Sleep and Behavioral Neuroscience Center: SBNC. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044414/https://www.sbnc.pitt.edu/research/. September 26, 2020. April 4, 2020. University of Pittsburgh Sleep & Behavioral Neuroscience Center.
  12. News: Bauder. Bob. March 24, 2020. Amid coronavirus pandemic, Pitt opens its dorms for doctors and nurses. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. live. April 4, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200402210947/https://triblive.com/local/pittsburgh-allegheny/pitt-housing-upmc-doctors-and-nurses-in-student-dormitory/. April 2, 2020.
  13. News: Swetnam. George. November 28, 1971. She Started A Hospital On $5. 243. The Pittsburgh Press. live. November 21, 2020. December 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201203021933/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63696839/she-started-a-hospital-on-5/.
  14. Web site: History of UPMC Presbyterian. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200330030504/https://www.upmc.com/locations/hospitals/presbyterian/about/history. March 30, 2020. March 30, 2020. UPMC Life Changing Medicine. en.
  15. News: Thomas. Clarke. February 4, 2009. Pittsburgh: a hospital history. 21. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. live. November 21, 2020. December 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201203021933/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63698179/pittsburgh-a-hospital-history/.
  16. News: May 2, 1948. Plan Golden Jubilee. 66. The Pittsburgh Press. live. November 21, 2020. December 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201203021953/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63698040/the-pittsburgh-press/.
  17. Book: Brignano, Mary. Beyond the Bounds: A History of UPMC. November 1, 2009. Dorrance Publishing. 978-1-4349-0283-2. en. March 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044418/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Jfv9HPdwAEC&pg=PA86&lpg=PA86&dq=Louise+Wotring+Lyle&source=bl&ots=7QPEnAMThm&sig=ACfU3U24S6D2oYmMHM86VheTC9BSDkfyGg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwily8fGtsHoAhXCgnIEHfd8B9EQ6AEwBHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Louise%20Wotring%20Lyle&f=false. September 26, 2020. live.
  18. Book: Alberts, Roberts C.. Pitt: The Story of the University of Pittsburgh, 1787–1987. University of Pittsburgh Press. 1986. 978-0-8229-1150-0. 430. January 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20201124122354/https://documenting.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt%3A31735057896312. November 24, 2020. live.
  19. Web site: KIESTER JR.. EDWIN. 2003. A Hospital is Born Pitt Med University of Pittsburgh. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201203021935/https://www.pittmed.health.pitt.edu/story/hospital-born. December 3, 2020. November 21, 2020. www.pittmed.health.pitt.edu.
  20. Web site: A HOSPITAL IS BORN. KIESTER Jr.. EDWIN. May 1, 2003. Pittmed. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20100611032333/http://pittmed.health.pitt.edu/May_2003/AhospitalIsBorn.pdf. June 11, 2010. March 30, 2020.
  21. Book: Eye and Ear Hospital, Pittsburgh Medical Center. Lord, that I may receive sight. c. 1926. 8. July 17, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120922085853/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pitttext;idno=31735051650418;seq=16. September 22, 2012. live.
  22. Web site: Clarke Thomas: Pittsburgh - a hospital history. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. en. March 30, 2020. October 13, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181013094934/http://www.post-gazette.com/opinion/Op-Ed/2009/02/04/Clarke-Thomas-Pittsburgh-a-hospital-history/stories/200902040146. live.
  23. Web site: 1920s History. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190830104831/http://www.chp.edu/about/history/100-year-history/1920s. August 30, 2019. March 30, 2020. Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.
  24. Web site: History of Pittsburgh's Hospitals. June 24, 2019. Popular Pittsburgh. en-US. March 30, 2020. March 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200330050024/https://popularpittsburgh.com/history-of-pittsburghs-hospitals/. live.
  25. Book: University of Pittsburgh Fact Book. University of Pittsburgh Press. 1979. 62. July 31, 2009. October 5, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081005215434/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittfact;cc=pittfact;g=documentingpitt;xc=1;xg=1;q1=social%20sciences%20building;rgn=full%20text;idno=1979a073698;didno=1979a073698;view=image;seq=73;page=root;size=s;frm=frameset;. live.
  26. 1938. Medical School Attains High Standards. live. The Owl. University of Pittsburgh. 108. https://web.archive.org/web/20120616050709/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittyearbooks;cc=pittyearbooks;g=documentingpitt;xc=1;xg=1;q1=University%20Medical%20Center;rgn=full%20text;idno=1938e49702;didno=1938e49702;view=image;seq=0113. June 16, 2012. July 31, 2009.
  27. Book: Alberts, Roberts C.. Pitt: The Story of the University of Pittsburgh, 1787–1987. University of Pittsburgh Press. 1986. 978-0-8229-1150-0. 430. July 17, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20190507181405/https://documenting.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt%3A31735057896312. May 7, 2019. live.
  28. Web site: Jonas Salk. Biography. en-us. March 30, 2020. March 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200319143819/https://www.biography.com/scientist/jonas-salk. live.
  29. Book: Offit, Paul A.. The Cutter Incident: How America's First Polio Vaccine Led to the Growing Vaccine Crisis. Yale University Press. 2007. 978-0-300-12605-1. 38. vanc.
  30. Web site: Dr. Jonas Salk announces polio vaccine. January 16, 2021. HISTORY. en. December 28, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201228152129/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/salk-announces-polio-vaccine. live.
  31. News: TABACHNICK. TOBY. October 14, 2010. Thomas Detre built his career on the ashes of tragedy. Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle. live. January 16, 2021. November 15, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201115055450/https://jewishchronicle.timesofisrael.com/thomas-detre-built-his-career-on-the-ashes-of-tragedy/.
  32. Web site: Blackley. Katie. Pittsburgh's Long Been A City For Medical Innovation. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201114092150/https://www.wesa.fm/post/pittsburgh-s-long-been-city-medical-innovation. November 14, 2020. November 14, 2020. www.wesa.fm. July 2, 2020. en.
  33. Book: Brignano, Mary. Beyond the Bounds: A History of UPMC. September 1, 2009. Dorrance Publishing. 978-1-4349-0283-2. en. March 30, 2020. November 7, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107212200/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Jfv9HPdwAEC. live.
  34. Book: Brignano, Mary. Beyond the Bounds: A History of UPMC. Dorrance Publishing Co.. 2009. 978-1-4349-0283-2. Pittsburgh, PA. October 11, 2010. November 7, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107212200/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Jfv9HPdwAEC. live.
  35. Web site: History of UPMC Presbyterian. January 16, 2021. UPMC Life Changing Medicine. en. March 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200330030504/https://www.upmc.com/locations/hospitals/presbyterian/about/history. live.
  36. Web site: June 1, 2017. In memoriam: Thomas E. Starzl, MD, PhD, FACS, organ transplantation pioneer. October 15, 2020. The Bulletin. en-US. August 28, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200828223919/https://bulletin.facs.org/2017/06/in-memoriam-thomas-e-starzl-md-phd-facs-organ-transplantation-pioneer/. live.
  37. Watts. Geoff. March 18, 2017. Thomas Earl Starzl. The Lancet. en. 389. 10074. 1096. 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30710-9. 54244891. 0140-6736. free.
  38. Web site: About Thomas Starzl, MD, PhD. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107212205/https://www.chp.edu/our-services/snept/starzl. November 7, 2020. October 15, 2020. Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. September 3, 2020 .
  39. News: Associated Press. February 20, 1990. New Liver for Stormie Jones. New York Times. live. January 16, 2021. August 16, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090816081427/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health.
  40. Eghtesad. B.. Fung. J.. 2017. Thomas Earl Starzl, MD, PhD (1926–2017): Father of Transplantation. International Journal of Organ Transplantation Medicine. 8. 2. e1. 2008-6482. 5549009.
  41. News: Schneider. Andrew. September 9, 1984. Presbyterian's Emergency Room criticized. 18. The Pittsburgh Press. live. November 25, 2020. November 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201126025721/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63995901/emergency/.
  42. News: September 16, 1984. Hospital defended. 32. The Pittsburgh Press. November 25, 2020. November 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201126025459/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63996050/hospital-defended/. live.
  43. News: January 8, 1986. Hospital tower opening delayed. 8. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. November 26, 2020. November 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201126025503/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64015210/hospital-tower-opening-delayed/. live.
  44. Web site: FÁBREGAS. LUIS. December 18, 2009. Large portion of old Children's Hospital faces wrecking ball. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201022221853/https://archive.triblive.com/ccpa/?page=%2Fnews%2Flarge-portion-of-old-childrens-hospital-faces-wrecking-ball%2F. October 22, 2020. October 14, 2020. TribLIVE.com. en-US.
  45. News: January 19, 1986. Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Main Tower. 314. The Pittsburgh Press. November 26, 2020. November 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201126025503/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64014895/childrens-hospital-of-pittsburgh-main/. live.
  46. News: January 19, 1986. A Towering New World. 313. The Pittsburgh Press. November 26, 2020. November 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201126025513/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64015266/a-towering-new-world/. live.
  47. Web site: The Presbyterian Hospital. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200330050025/http://www.brooklineconnection.com/history/Facts/PresbyHospital.html. March 30, 2020. March 30, 2020. www.brooklineconnection.com.
  48. News: Levin. Steve. December 27, 2005. Empire Building: Consolidation and Controversy: Timeline. 3. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. live. November 25, 2020. November 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201126025504/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63995439/consolidation-and-controversy-timeline/.
  49. News: Twedt. Steve. October 15, 1990. Subtracting Presby's hyphen adds dash of confusion. 7. The Pittsburgh Press. live. November 25, 2020. November 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201126025502/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63994916/subtracting-presbys-hyphen-adds-dash/.
  50. Web site: Spice. Byron. February 10, 2001. Obituary: Herbert A. Simon / Father of artificial intelligence and Nobel Prize winner. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200813093104/https://old.post-gazette.com/obituaries/20010210simon2.asp. August 13, 2020. November 8, 2020. old.post-gazette.com.
  51. News: Lewis. Paul. February 10, 2001. Herbert A. Simon Dies at 84; Won a Nobel for Economics (Published 2001). en-US. The New York Times. November 8, 2020. 0362-4331. October 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201003052049/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/10/business/herbert-a-simon-dies-at-84-won-a-nobel-for-economics.html. live.
  52. Web site: Children's Hospital celebrates a decade in Lawrenceville. Torrance. Luke. May 2, 2019. www.bizjournals.com. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044416/https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2019/05/02/childrens-hospital-celebrates-a-decade-in.html. September 26, 2020. March 30, 2020.
  53. Web site: UPMC Presbyterian's New Helipad Opens Today. Kinnunen. Martin. May 23, 2013. UPMC & Pitt Health Sciences News Blog. en-US. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044423/https://inside.upmc.com/upmc-presbyterians-new-helipad-opens-today/. September 26, 2020. March 30, 2020.
  54. News: Large portion of old Children's Hospital faces wrecking ball TribLIVE.com. archive.triblive.com. March 30, 2020. October 22, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201022221853/https://archive.triblive.com/ccpa/?page=%2Fnews%2Flarge-portion-of-old-childrens-hospital-faces-wrecking-ball%2F. live.
  55. Web site: UPMC Presbyterian Hospital South Tower Demolition and Rehabilitation. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201023132344/https://www.pjdick.com/project/upmc-presbyterian-hospital-south-tower-demolition-and-rehabilitation/. October 23, 2020. December 3, 2020. PJ Dick. en-US.
  56. Web site: May 23, 2013. UPMC Presbyterian's New Helipad Opens Today. November 14, 2020. UPMC & Pitt Health Sciences News Blog. en-US. September 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044423/https://inside.upmc.com/upmc-presbyterians-new-helipad-opens-today/. live.
  57. Web site: Bowman. Dan. STATMedEvac. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201114090003/http://www.thepittpulse.org/takeyourpitt. November 14, 2020. November 14, 2020. The Pitt Pulse. en-US.
  58. Web site: Blackley. Katie. How Medical Helicopters Soared Into Pittsburgh And Changed Emergency Services. November 14, 2020. www.wesa.fm. May 13, 2019. en. November 16, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116020053/https://www.wesa.fm/post/how-medical-helicopters-soared-pittsburgh-and-changed-emergency-services. live.
  59. Web site: Kelly. Ciaran. October 1, 2017. Manchester United star Zlatan Ibrahimovic's surgeon sends warning about comeback. November 8, 2020. Manchester Evening News. en. July 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190709074558/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/man-utd-injury-news-ibrahimovic-13700198. live.
  60. Web site: Trizzino. Eddie. May 4, 2017. Swedish Soccer Star: Pittsburgh Surgeon Saved My Career. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200110153311/https://www.pittsburghmagazine.com/swedish-soccer-star-pittsburgh-surgeon-saved-my-career/. January 10, 2020. November 8, 2020. Pittsburgh Magazine. en-US.
  61. Web site: Highfield. David. August 6, 2018. Former Miss USA Undergoes Life-Saving Double-Lung Transplant At UPMC. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190901163351/https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2018/08/06/former-miss-usa-double-lung-transplant-upmc/. September 1, 2019. November 8, 2020. en-US.
  62. Tobias. Adam Z.. Roth. Ronald N.. Weiss. Leonard S.. Murray. Keith. Yealy. Donald M.. March 21, 2020. Tree of Life Synagogue Shooting in Pittsburgh: Preparedness, Prehospital Care, and Lessons Learned. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 21. 2. 374–381. 10.5811/westjem.2019.11.42809. 1936-900X. 7081872. 32191196.
  63. Web site: GOLDSTEIN. ANDREW. SMITH. PETER. October 27, 2019. Tree of Life / The year of healing: With ritual, words and actions, the wounded remember and recover. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200804083159/https://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2019/10/27/tree-of-life-massacre-remembrance-anti-semitic-attack-pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting-memorial/stories/201910260003. August 4, 2020. November 8, 2020. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. en.
  64. News: Bernstein. Lenny. Pittsburgh trauma center stayed calm as victims kept arriving. en-US. Washington Post. November 8, 2020. 0190-8286. June 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200605042143/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/pittsburgh-trauma-center-stayed-calm-as-victims-kept-arriving/2018/10/29/347e1388-db64-11e8-b732-3c72cbf131f2_story.html. live.
  65. Web site: Berman. Beau. November 1, 2018. President Trump meets with injured officers and with medics at hospital. November 8, 2020. WTAE. en. November 3, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181103015055/https://www.wtae.com/article/president-trump-meets-with-injured-officers-and-with-medics-at-hospital/24460788. live.
  66. Web site: President and First Lady Visit UPMC Presbyterian Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh. November 8, 2020. www.surgery.pitt.edu. November 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201111201040/http://www.surgery.pitt.edu/news/president-and-first-lady-visit-upmc-presbyterian. live.
  67. Web site: Gough. Paul J.. March 15, 2020. Health care systems limit visitation during COVID-19 pandemic. November 8, 2020. Pittsburgh Business Times.
  68. Web site: Schweigert. Keith. March 25, 2020. UPMC announces adjustments to visitation guidelines in effort to mitigate potential COVID-19 exposure. November 8, 2020. fox43.com. en-US.
  69. News: BAUDER. BOB. March 24, 2020. Amid coronavirus pandemic, Pitt opens its dorms for doctors and nurses TribLIVE.com. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200402210947/https://triblive.com/local/pittsburgh-allegheny/pitt-housing-upmc-doctors-and-nurses-in-student-dormitory/. April 2, 2020. November 9, 2020. triblive.com.
  70. News: DAGUE. TYLER. March 24, 2020. Pitt opens dormitory to UPMC health workers. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109011000/https://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2020/03/24/University-of-Pittsburgh-dorm-Lothrop-Hall-UPMC-health-assistance-coronavirus/stories/202003240126. November 9, 2020. November 9, 2020. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. en.
  71. Web site: Kennedy. Mike. March 24, 2020. University of Pittsburgh opens residence hall to doctors and nurses. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109014159/https://www.asumag.com/facilities-management/article/21126942/university-of-pittsburgh-opens-residence-hall-to-doctors-and-nurses. November 9, 2020. November 9, 2020. American School & University.
  72. Web site: Gough. Paul J.. July 3, 2020. UPMC Presby temporarily shuts unit over Covid concerns. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201111201111/https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2020/07/03/upmc-presybterian-covid-concerns.html. November 11, 2020. November 9, 2020. Pittsburgh Business Times.
  73. Web site: July 2, 2020. UPMC Presbyterian has temporarily closed one unit after several employees were potentially exposed to coronavirus outside the hospital.. November 9, 2020. en-US. November 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109005956/https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2020/07/02/upmc-presbyterian-unit-closed-coronavirus/. live.
  74. Web site: Staff. WPXI com News. UPMC Presbyterian temporarily closes 1 unit after several employees potentially exposed to COVID-19 outside hospital. December 3, 2020. WPXI. en-US. September 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200930022937/https://www.wpxi.com/news/top-stories/upmc-presbyterian-temporarily-closes-1-unit-after-several-employees-potentially-exposed-covid-19-outside-hospital/Y2HDVR2BOFB6RAEYKHFZAI7MDY/. live.
  75. News: NAPSHA. JOE. May 12, 2020. UPMC Presbyterian only hospital in Western Pa. to get 1st shipment of remdesivir covid-19 med TribLIVE.com. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200605111452/https://triblive.com/local/pittsburgh-allegheny/upmc-presbyterian-only-hospital-in-region-to-get-first-shipment-of-remdesivir-covid-19-med/. June 5, 2020. November 9, 2020. triblive.com.
  76. Web site: Ward. Lindsay. May 13, 2020. UPMC Presbyterian Hospital Among Pennsylvania Hospitals Receiving Potential Coronavirus Treatment. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200610044836/https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2020/05/13/pennsylvania-department-of-health-remdesivir-shipment/. June 10, 2020. November 9, 2020. CBS Pittsburgh. en-US.
  77. News: Hopkins. Chris. December 14, 2020. 67-year-old nurse receives first COVID-19 vaccine in Pennsylvania: Watch. The Patriot-News. live. December 16, 2020. January 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210110020625/https://www.pennlive.com/coronavirus/2020/12/67-year-old-nurse-receives-first-covid-19-vaccine-in-pennsylvania-watch.html.
  78. Web site: UPMC Heart and Transplant Hospital . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044453/https://www.upmc.com/media/media-kit/hospital-building-projects/heart-and-transplant-hospital . September 26, 2020 . March 30, 2020 . UPMC Life Changing Medicine . en.
  79. Web site: SCHMITT . BEN . November 3, 2017 . With 3 new hospitals in Pittsburgh, UPMC aims to be 'Amazon of health care' TribLIVE.com . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044425/https://archive.triblive.com/ccpa/?page=%2Fnews%2Fhealth-now%2Fwith-3-new-hospitals-in-pittsburgh-upmc-aims-to-be-amazon-of-health-care%2F . September 26, 2020 . March 30, 2020 . archive.triblive.com.
  80. Web site: August 28, 2019 . Construction Delayed For New UPMC Hospitals . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201019144328/https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2019/08/28/construction-delayed-for-new-upmc-hospitals/ . October 19, 2020 . October 19, 2020 . en-US.
  81. Web site: UPMC Unveils Designs for 3 New Specialty Hospitals UPMC Physician Resources . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044425/https://www.upmcphysicianresources.com/news/100118-upmc-unveils-designs-and-architecture-firms-for-3-new-specialty-hospitals . September 26, 2020 . March 30, 2020 . www.upmcphysicianresources.com . en.
  82. Web site: TWEDT . STEVE . September 26, 2018 . UPMC draws the curtain back on specialty hospital designs . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044429/https://www.post-gazette.com/business/healthcare-business/2018/09/26/UPMC-specialty-hospitals-final-design-architects-Shadyside-Oakland-Uptown/stories/201809260103 . September 26, 2020 . March 30, 2020 . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . en.
  83. Web site: Gough . Paul J. . November 4, 2020 . After halting construction due to Covid-19, the Pittsburgh region's health systems are mostly back on track . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201104195529/https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2020/11/04/partial-recovery-health-care-construction.html . November 4, 2020 . November 7, 2020 . Pittsburgh Business Times.
  84. Web site: KAREN . KANE . SRIKAMESWARAN . ANITA . HAMILL . SEAN D. . 5 March 2017 . Thomas Starzl, pioneering transplant surgeon, dies at 90 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200815025733/https://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2017/03/05/Dr-Thomas-E-Starzl-1926-2017-A-medical-pioneer-who-made-liver-transplants-almost-routine/stories/201703050220 . 2020-08-15 . 2020-10-13 . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . en.
  85. Web site: Schooley . Tim . 27 February 2019 . Sources: UPMC to delay building specialty hospitals in Oakland and Shadyside . 13 October 2020 . Pittsburgh Business Times.
  86. Web site: Van Wagenen . Juliet . 5 December 2017 . Microsoft, UPMC Partner to Build 3 Tech-Focused Hospitals . 2020-10-18 . Technology Solutions That Drive Healthcare . en.
  87. Web site: Morse . Susan . 2017-11-06 . UPMC invests $2 billion in 3 'digital hospitals' leveraging Microsoft tech . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200804174408/https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/upmc-invests-2-billion-3-digital-hospitals-leveraging-microsoft-tech . 2020-08-04 . 2020-10-18 . Healthcare IT News . en.
  88. Web site: Bryant . Meg . 17 February 2017 . Microsoft and UPMC launch Healthcare NeXT . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181116113346/https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/microsoft-and-upmc-launch-healthcare-next/436416/ . 2018-11-16 . 2020-10-18 . Healthcare Dive . en-US.
  89. Web site: Paavola . Alia . 28 May 2021 . UPMC forges ahead with $2B investment in 3 specialty hospitals . 2021-12-15 . Becker's Hospital Review.
  90. Web site: Schooley . Tim . 2 December 2021 . UPMC making moves to build next major hospital project in Oakland . 2021-12-15 . Pittsburgh Business Times.
  91. Web site: BIELEN . CAROLINE . 3 December 2021 . UPMC plans 636 beds at new 288-foot bed tower on Fifth Avenue . 2021-12-15 . University of Pittsburgh University Times . en.
  92. Web site: UPMC Breaks Ground on New UPMC Presbyterian . 2022-10-29 . UPMC Life Changing Medicine . en.
  93. Web site: McFarlane. E. Olmsted. M. Murphy. J. Hill. C. 2005. America's Best Hospitals 2005 methodology.. December 2, 2020. RTI International. U.S. News & World Report. 90, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 105, 106, 107, 109. January 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210104211424/https://www.rti.org/publication/america%E2%80%99s-best-hospitals-2005-methodology/fulltext.pdf. live.
  94. Page. Leigh. March–April 2011. 50 Best Hospitals in America. Becker's Hospital Review. ASC Communications. 2011. 32. August 2, 2011. 3. August 6, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110806064051/http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/best-hospitals-in-america/50-best-hospitals-in-america.html. live.
  95. Web site: September 27, 2012. UPMC-University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in Pittsburgh, PA Rankings - US News Best Hospitals. November 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20120927200047/http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/pa/upmc-presbyterian-6230029/rankings. September 27, 2012.
  96. Web site: July 30, 2012. U.S. News Best Hospitals 2012-13: the Honor Roll - U.S. News & World Report. November 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20120730095114/http://health.usnews.com/health-news/best-hospitals/articles/2012/07/16/best-hospitals-2012-13-the-honor-roll. July 30, 2012.
  97. Web site: UPMC Presbyterian - Pittsburgh, PA Healthgrades. November 14, 2020. www.healthgrades.com. May 23, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160523211517/http://www.healthgrades.com/hospital-directory/pennsylvania-pa/upmc-presbyterian-hgsta46ae6a6390164. live.
  98. Web site: 100 great hospitals in America 2019. November 14, 2020. Beckers Hospital Review. August 7, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200807163119/https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/lists/100-great-hospitals-in-america-2019.html. live.
  99. Web site: UPMC Hospitals Receive Top Quality Marks from The Leapfrog Group. www.pinnaclehealth.org. March 30, 2020. April 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200406175242/https://www.pinnaclehealth.org/our-health-system/news-and-announcements/article/upmc-hospitals-receive-top-quality-marks-from-the-leapfrog-group. live.
  100. Web site: Leapfrog Hospital Safety Grade UPMC Quality, Safety & Innovation. UPMC Life Changing Medicine. en. March 30, 2020. May 1, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200501115818/https://www.upmc.com/about/why-upmc/quality/about/awards/leapfrog. live.
  101. Web site: Heyl. Eric. May 1, 2020. Pittsburgh-Area Hospital Safety Grades: Spring 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109013653/https://patch.com/pennsylvania/pittsburgh/pittsburgh-area-hospital-safety-grades-spring-2020. November 9, 2020. November 9, 2020. Pittsburgh, PA Patch. en.
  102. Web site: UPMC Presbyterian: Hospital Details Table. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201203021955/https://www.hospitalsafetygrade.org/table-details/upmc-presbyterian. December 3, 2020. December 3, 2020. www.hospitalsafetygrade.org. en.
  103. Web site: Pittsburgh Hospital Among Nation's Best: U.S. News. July 30, 2019. Pittsburgh, PA Patch. en. March 30, 2020. July 30, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190730155058/https://patch.com/pennsylvania/pittsburgh/pittsburgh-hospital-among-nations-best-u-s-news. live.
  104. Web site: Gough. Paul J.. July 30, 2019. Pittsburgh hospital makes list of 15 best in the country in U.S. News ranking. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107212158/https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2019/07/30/pittsburgh-hospital-makes-list-of-15-best.html. November 7, 2020. March 30, 2020. Pittsburgh Business Times.
  105. Web site: U.S. News: 17 Best Hospitals in America. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200622042329/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/us-news-17-best-hospitals-in-america/. June 22, 2020. March 30, 2020. www.cbsnews.com. en.
  106. Web site: UPMC Presbyterian - Women's Choice Award. October 28, 2020. womenschoiceaward.com. November 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201102024036/https://womenschoiceaward.com/best-hospitals/upmc-presbyterian. live.
  107. Web site: Staff. NCPA. Several UPMC facilities recognized for LGBTQ care policies. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200904094041/https://www.northcentralpa.com/life/several-upmc-facilities-recognized-for-lgbtq-care-policies/article_afdc5080-ec1f-11ea-830c-277fff9ea63e.html. September 4, 2020. October 20, 2020. NorthcentralPA.com. en.
  108. Web site: Rogers. Kelsey. September 1, 2020. UPMC hospitals recognized for LGBTQ+ care policies. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201021010638/https://www.wearecentralpa.com/news/upmc-hospitals-recognized-for-lgbtq-care-policies/. October 21, 2020. October 20, 2020. WTAJ - www.wearecentralpa.com. en-US.
  109. Web site: Heyl. Eric. July 15, 2020. Newsweek Ranks Two Pittsburgh Hospitals Among The Nation's Best. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201003010704/https://patch.com/pennsylvania/pittsburgh/newsweek-ranks-two-pittsburgh-hospitals-among-nations-best. October 3, 2020. November 7, 2020. Pittsburgh, PA Patch. en.
  110. Web site: Gough. Paul J.. July 28, 2020. Here are the local hospitals that made the US News & World Report best ranking. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107212205/https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2020/07/28/us-news-world-report-listing.html. November 7, 2020. November 7, 2020. Pittsburgh Business Times.
  111. Web site: 2021. Best Hospitals: UMPC Presbyterian. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200330041804/https://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/pa/upmc-university-of-pittsburgh-medical-center-6230029. March 30, 2020. November 7, 2020. U.S. News & World Report.
  112. Web site: Wenner. David. July 28, 2020. Central Pa. hospitals rank among state's best, according to U.S. News; UMPC falls off national honor roll. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109014227/https://www.pennlive.com/news/2020/07/central-pa-hospitals-rank-among-states-best-according-to-us-news-umpc-falls-off-national-honor-roll.html. November 9, 2020. November 9, 2020. Penn Live. en.
  113. Web site: Mold at two Pittsburgh hospitals linked to 5 deaths. Del Valle. Lauren. January 28, 2017. CNN. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200215094436/https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/28/health/moldy-hospital-bed-linen-deaths/index.html. February 15, 2020. April 3, 2020.
  114. Web site: Loftus. Mark P.. February 16, 2017. Multiple Deaths at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center possibly related to mold growth or ventilation. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044428/https://www.markploftus.com/cases-in-the-news/2017/02/16/multiple-deaths-university-pittsburgh-medical-center-possibly-related-mold-growth-ventilation/. September 26, 2020. April 3, 2020. Law Offices of Mark P. Loftus. en-US.
  115. Web site: Emails suggest linens to be 'likely' source in deadly mold outbreak at Pittsburgh hospitals. Lauren. del Valle. CNN. April 3, 2020. January 16, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200116201119/https://www.cnn.com/2017/03/29/health/pittsburgh-hospital-mold-outbreak-emails/index.html. live.
  116. Web site: Mold at two Pittsburgh hospitals linked to 5 deaths. January 28, 2017. WTKR. en. April 3, 2020. January 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190104161144/https://wtkr.com/2017/01/28/mold-at-two-pittsburgh-hospitals-linked-to-5-deaths/. live.
  117. Web site: February 23, 2017. Laundry provider responds in UPMC mold case: 9 things to know. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20181008173300/https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/laundry-provider-responds-in-upmc-mold-case-9-things-to-know.html. October 8, 2018. April 3, 2020. Becker's Hospital Review.
  118. News: Vaidya. Anuja. February 13, 2020. UPMC, linen service settle lawsuit over mold-related patient deaths. Becker's Hospital Review. live. April 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200926044430/https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/legal-regulatory-issues/upmc-linen-service-settle-lawsuit-over-mold-related-patient-deaths.html. September 26, 2020.
  119. Web site: MARTINES. JAMIE. February 12, 2020. UPMC, Paris Cleaners settle with 6 families of fungal infection victims TribLIVE.com. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201021125801/https://triblive.com/local/pittsburgh-allegheny/upmc-and-paris-cleaners-settle-with-6-families-of-fungal-infection-victims/. October 21, 2020. October 19, 2020. triblive.com.
  120. Sundermann. Alexander J.. Clancy. Cornelius J.. Pasculle. A. William. Liu. Guojun. Cumbie. Richard B.. Driscoll. Eileen. Ayres. Ashley. Donahue. Lisa. Pergam. Steven A.. Abbo. Lilian. Andes. David R.. 2019-02-15. How Clean Is the Linen at My Hospital? The Mucorales on Unclean Linen Discovery Study of Large United States Transplant and Cancer Centers. Clinical Infectious Diseases . 68. 5. 850–853. 10.1093/cid/ciy669. 1537-6591. 6765054. 30299481.
  121. Sundermann. Alexander J.. Clancy. Cornelius J.. Pasculle. A. William. Liu. Guojun. Cheng. Shaoji. Cumbie. Richard B.. Driscoll. Eileen. Ayres. Ashley. Donahue. Lisa. Buck. Michael. Streifel. Andrew. 2021-07-20. Remediation of Mucorales-contaminated Healthcare Linens at a Laundry Facility Following an Investigation of a Case Cluster of Hospital-acquired Mucormycosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases . 74 . 8 . 1401–1407 . 10.1093/cid/ciab638. 1537-6591. 34282829.
  122. Web site: Gough. Paul J.. May 28, 2019. Tensions erupt over UPMC at Presbyterian board meeting. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201126025520/https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2019/05/28/tensions-erupt-over-upmc-at-presbyterian-board.html. November 26, 2020. November 14, 2020. Pittsburgh Business Times.
  123. Web site: Dr. Joseph Maroon honored with UPMC Clinician of Courage Award TribLIVE.com. November 14, 2020. triblive.com. September 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200918221549/https://triblive.com/local/sewickley/dr-joseph-maroon-honored-with-upmc-clinician-of-courage-award/. live.
  124. Web site: Oland. Ian. September 2, 2020. Both Sidney Crosby and Evgeni Malkin had offseason surgery. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109023455/https://russianmachineneverbreaks.com/2020/09/02/both-sidney-crosby-and-evgeni-malkin-had-surgery-for-injuries-this-offseason/. November 9, 2020. November 9, 2020. RMNB. en-US.
  125. News: January 2, 1996. SPORTS PEOPLE: N.F.L.;Rooney Is Recuperating (Published 1996). en-US. The New York Times. November 9, 2020. 0362-4331. May 26, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150526155632/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/02/sports/sports-people-nfl-rooney-is-recuperating.html. live.
  126. Web site: GRAVES. WILL. September 29, 2013. Former Steelers DE L.C. Greenwood dies at 67. November 9, 2020. AP NEWS.
  127. Web site: March 24, 2019. Pittsburgh Then and Now: Presbyterian Hospital. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200330050021/https://www.pittsburghmagazine.com/pittsburgh-then-and-now-presbyterian-hospital/. March 30, 2020. March 30, 2020. Pittsburgh Magazine. en-US.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "UPMC Presbyterian".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.