Ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 explained

60S ribosomal protein L40 (RPL40) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBA52 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

Ubiquitin is a highly conserved nuclear and cytoplasmic protein that has a major role in targeting cellular proteins for degradation by the 26S proteosome. It is also involved in the maintenance of chromatin structure, the regulation of gene expression, and the stress response. Ubiquitin is synthesized as a precursor protein consisting of either polyubiquitin chains or a single ubiquitin moiety fused to an unrelated protein. This gene encodes a fusion protein consisting of ubiquitin at the N-terminus and ribosomal protein L40 at the C-terminus, a C-terminal extension protein (CEP). Multiple processed pseudogenes derived from this gene are present in the genome.^[2]

Further reading

• Wool IG, Chan YL, Glück A . Structure and evolution of mammalian ribosomal proteins. . Biochem. Cell Biol. . 73 . 11–12 . 933–47 . 1996 . 8722009 . 10.1139/o95-101.
• Murphey RK, Godenschwege TA . New roles for ubiquitin in the assembly and function of neuronal circuits. . Neuron . 36 . 1 . 5–8 . 2002 . 12367500 . 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00943-1 . 15764136 . free .
• Baker RT, Board PG . The human ubiquitin/52-residue ribosomal protein fusion gene subfamily (UbA52) is composed primarily of processed pseudogenes. . Genomics . 14 . 2 . 520–2 . 1992 . 1330885 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80258-7 .
• Baker RT, Board PG . The human ubiquitin-52 amino acid fusion protein gene shares several structural features with mammalian ribosomal protein genes. . Nucleic Acids Res. . 19 . 5 . 1035–40 . 1991 . 1850507 . 333777 . 10.1093/nar/19.5.1035 .
• Monia BP, Ecker DJ, Jonnalagadda S, etal . Gene synthesis, expression, and processing of human ubiquitin carboxyl extension proteins. . J. Biol. Chem. . 264 . 7 . 4093–103 . 1989 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)84967-0 . 2537304 . free .
• Lund PK, Moats-Staats BM, Simmons JG, etal . Nucleotide sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding human ubiquitin reveals that ubiquitin is synthesized as a precursor. . J. Biol. Chem. . 260 . 12 . 7609–13 . 1985 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)39652-7 . 2581967 . free .
• Salvesen G, Lloyd C, Farley D . cDNA encoding a human homolog of yeast ubiquitin 1. . Nucleic Acids Res. . 15 . 13 . 5485 . 1987 . 3037496 . 305980 . 10.1093/nar/15.13.5485 .
• Cross SH, Charlton JA, Nan X, Bird AP . Purification of CpG islands using a methylated DNA binding column. . Nat. Genet. . 6 . 3 . 236–44 . 1994 . 8012384 . 10.1038/ng0394-236 . 12847618 .
• Cook WJ, Jeffrey LC, Kasperek E, Pickart CM . Structure of tetraubiquitin shows how multiubiquitin chains can be formed. . J. Mol. Biol. . 236 . 2 . 601–9 . 1994 . 8107144 . 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1169 .
• Vadlamudi RK, Joung I, Strominger JL, Shin J . p62, a phosphotyrosine-independent ligand of the SH2 domain of p56lck, belongs to a new class of ubiquitin-binding proteins. . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 34 . 20235–7 . 1996 . 8702753 . 10.1074/jbc.271.34.20235. free .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. . Genome Res. . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . 1997 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791. free .
• Kenmochi N, Kawaguchi T, Rozen S, etal . A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes. . Genome Res. . 8 . 5 . 509–23 . 1998 . 9582194 . 10.1101/gr.8.5.509. free .
• Cruz C, Ventura F, Bartrons R, Rosa JL . HERC3 binding to and regulation by ubiquitin. . FEBS Lett. . 488 . 1–2 . 74–80 . 2001 . 11163799 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02371-1 . 20091003 .
• Lee TA, Tyers M . Ubiquitin junction, what's your function? . Genome Biol. . 2 . 10 . REPORTS4025 . 2002 . 11597332 . 138970 . 10.1186/gb-2001-2-10-reports4025 . free .
• Yoshihama M, Uechi T, Asakawa S, etal . The human ribosomal protein genes: sequencing and comparative analysis of 73 genes. . Genome Res. . 12 . 3 . 379–90 . 2002 . 11875025 . 155282 . 10.1101/gr.214202 .
• Bishop N, Horman A, Woodman P . Mammalian class E vps proteins recognize ubiquitin and act in the removal of endosomal protein-ubiquitin conjugates. . J. Cell Biol. . 157 . 1 . 91–101 . 2002 . 11916981 . 2173266 . 10.1083/jcb.200112080 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 139241 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .

Notes and References

1. Webb GC, Baker RT, Coggan M, Board PG . Localization of the human UBA52 ubiquitin fusion gene to chromosome band 19p13.1-p12 . Genomics . 19 . 3 . 567–9 . Jun 1994 . 8188300 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1108 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: UBA52 ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1.