United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war explained

Following the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel and outbreak of the Israel–Hamas war, the United States began to send warships and military aircraft into the Eastern Mediterranean and began sending Israel more military supplies. The Joe Biden administration stated that Israel would receive "whatever it needs" to support its offensive against the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip.[1]

After an initial period of Western support for the offensive, Israel and the United States became increasingly isolated amid growing worldwide calls for a ceasefire, with the US vetoing three United Nations Security Council resolutions calling for a humanitarian ceasefire. International rights groups have condemned the U.S. for providing military and diplomatic support to Israel that they say risks complicity in Israeli war crimes. By March 7, 2024, the US had sent Israel over 100 weapons shipments since the war began.[2] [3]

As the war went on, US–Israel relations began to become strained.[4] [5] The US government became more critical of Israel and its stance slowly began to change as Palestinian civilian casualties rose and opposition grew. In February, the Biden administration issued a national security directive requiring written assurances from Israel that it was using US-supplied weapons in line with international law. In March, the US began calling for an immediate and sustained ceasefire linked to the release of hostages, and Israel berated the US for allowing a ceasefire resolution to pass at the UN Security Council. The US also voiced its opposition to much of Israel's post-war plan for Gaza.[6] Still, on March 29, 2024, the Biden administration authorized the transfer of billions of dollars worth of bombs and fighter jets to Israel.[7] [8]

Background

After Hamas gunmen attacked Israel on October 7, resulting in the death of 1,139 Israelis, Israel began a campaign against Gaza.[9] [10] Since the start of the Israeli operation, more than 39,000 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed, of whom 52% of identified were women and children.[11] [12] Several thousand more are missing and presumed trapped under rubble.[13] [14] Israel placed Gaza under a complete blockade, including the prevention of fuel and water from entering the Gaza Strip.[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] The United States described Hamas' preemptive attack as "unprovoked,"[20] and started sending warships and warplanes into the region, prepared to give Israel whatever it needs.[1] The United States Commission on Civil Rights meanwhile called on the government to address the underlying issues that have led to the recent violence, such as Israel's 56-year illegal possession of the Palestinian lands and its 16-year blockade of Gaza as well as "the apartheid regime throughout historic Palestine."

Since Israel's founding in 1948, it has received $158 billion in military aid from the United States, making it the greatest recipient in history.[21] [22] Following Israel's victory over surrounding Arab forces in the 1967 Six-Day War and its subsequent occupation of the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and Gaza, military assistance to the country surged significantly. The Iron Dome, which became operational in 2011, was created with the help of the United States, which is responsible for providing components for the system, including allocating more than $1.5 billion for missile defense for Israel in 2022.As part of a record $38 billion agreement over ten years negotiated under former US President Barack Obama in 2016, US military aid to Israel exceeded $3.8 billion in 2023. Of the $3.8 billion in military aid given to Israel this year, half a billion was for Israel's missile defense. Washington has announced that it will replenish Israel's ammunition used in the recent war against Hamas.

Timeline

October

November

December

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

Analysis

U.S. lawmakers have long viewed Israel as an ally to help protect U.S. strategic interests in the Middle East. Maintaining Israel's regional military hegemony, according to Al-Jazeera, is a central element of U.S. Middle East policy. This has been achieved with U.S. financial aid and an increase in Israel's military arsenal.[145] On the question of why Joe Biden is reluctant to freeze arms transfers or impose conditions on future supplies, Guardian journalist, Robert Tait writes that the US is concerned that pressure on Benjamin Netanyahu could push him towards a common goal with Republicans in a year leading to the election.[146] Josh Paul, who resigned over sending arms to Israel, has described Biden policy in favor of "the status quo of the occupation" and a "shortsighted, destructive, unjust" policy that "will only lead to more and deeper suffering for both the Israeli and the Palestinian people — and is not in the long term American interest."[147]

Although the U.S. has asked Israel to protect civilians and allow humanitarian aid, State Secretary Antony Blinken acknowledged that there is "a gap" between these appeals and "the actual results that we’re seeing on the ground." The United States has not used its leverage over Israel—its weapons transfers and diplomatic support—to ensure civilian safety, leading the Washington Post to describe American rhetoric as a "good cop-bad cop approach." Aaron David Miller of the CEIP said that the Biden administration deserved credit for the humanitarian pause negotiations, but that it had "tethered" itself to Israeli war aims that cannot be achieved without bringing "grievous harm to the civilian population."[148]

Ali Harb described the contradictions between media reports about Biden's "frustration" with Netanyahu, and his continued military support for Israel, stating, "The US keeps calling for minimising civilian casualties, but the Palestinian death toll keeps growing. The Biden administration repeatedly emphasises the two-state solution; Israeli leaders continue to explicitly say they oppose the establishment of a Palestinian state."[149] In March 2024, Al Jazeera English senior analyst Marwan Bishara assessed a perceived shift in Biden's tone toward the war, stating, "Biden is underlining a change of tone, not a change of policy. And that explains a bit why he sounds as if he's speaking from both sides of his mouth."[150]

In late-March 2024, Tamer Qarmout, a professor at the Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, stated, "You don't see the US using its real leverage to stop Israel or correct its behaviours."[151] While Republican support for Israel remains strong, many Democrats are debating making future U.S. military aid conditional on Israel's behavior in the West Bank and Gaza. According to Steven A. Cook, for the United States, a more normal bilateral relationship with Israel is likely to reduce the moral costs of military aid.[152] In an op-ed, Elias Khoury argued that the United States's support of Israel "has eroded its international authority and claim to uphold the international rules-based system."[153]

U.S. isolation

Israel and the United States have become increasingly isolated amid growing global calls for a ceasefire.[154] [155] [156] [157] American political scientist Ian Bremmer stated that the Biden administration's position unconditionally supporting the Israeli invasion of Gaza has left Joe Biden as isolated on the world stage as Russian president Vladimir Putin has been since the Russian invasion of Ukraine began in 2022.[158] Jeffrey Sachs, a professor of economics at Columbia University, also stated that the United States was being isolated on the world stage due to its support for Israel.[159] In March 2024, U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders wrote the U.S. was "virtually alone in the world" in continuing to defend Israel's actions as the Palestinian death toll has sparked widespread outrage and protests.[160]

Double standards

The Islamic world and much of the Global South accused the United States and its allies of a double standard in condemning an illegal occupation in Ukraine while standing firmly behind Israel.[161] Western leaders, pressed for weeks to say whether the loss of thousands mostly civilian lives could be a violation of international law, spoke only tentatively, adding that they could not judge: "We're not going to get dragged into all this judge-and-jury role," US national security adviser Jake Sullivan said.[162] By comparison, a year earlier the United States Department of State had officially announced that, based on available information, the US government assessed that members of Russia's forces in Ukraine had committed war crimes."[162] The U.S. State Department said there is no need to launch any formal domestic investigation into whether Israel has committed war crimes, even though the weapons it uses are supplied by the US.[162] In a speech to the European Parliament, the EU's top diplomat, Josep Borrell, said water cuts are a violation of international law regardless of where they occur, whether in Ukraine or Gaza.[163]

In an interview, Aaron David Miller, a former State Department official, stated to The New Yorker, "Do I think that Joe Biden has the same depth of feeling and empathy for the Palestinians of Gaza as he does for the Israelis? No, he doesn’t".[164] In April 2024, the Foreign Ministry of Turkey accused the U.S. of having a "double-standard policy on human rights".[165] Barry Trachtenberg, a professor at Wake Forest University, criticized Western support of Israeli military actions, stating, "What we’re seeing is this clear double-standard where when it’s in the interests of the United States and Western allies, they’ll invoke international law. When it’s not in their interests, they’ll clearly violate international law".[166] In July 2024, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez spoke at the NATO summit in Washington D.C., urging the West to stop its "double standards" between Gaza and Ukraine.[167]

Backlash to US support

Human rights organizations and UN officials have heavily criticized the Biden administration for vetoing multiple UN resolutions calling for an immediate ceasefire and for continuing to send arms to Israel. Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas said the US was complicit in war crimes,[168] and Amnesty International's Secretary General said that the veto showed that the US "displays a callous disregard for civilian suffering in the face of a staggering death toll."[169] Doctors Without Borders said that the veto "stands in sharp contrast to the values it professes to uphold," and that the US was providing "diplomatic cover for the ongoing atrocities in Gaza." Human Rights Watch said that the veto and the military support "risks complicity in war crimes."[170] Following the veto, a UN General Assembly resolution calling for a ceasefire garnered overwhelming support, with 153 countries voting for the resolution to 10 opposed.[171] Turkey's president called for reform of the UN Security Council system that allows for the five permanent members to veto resolutions supported by the overwhelming majority of countries.

Polling by the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies showed 94 percent of respondents in sixteen Middle East countries had a negative view of U.S. policy in the war and 76 percent had a diminished view of the country due to its policies.[172] In a social media post, the Palestine UN mission criticized the US secretary of state for not acknowledging the tens of thousands of killed Palestinians in his post marking the 100 days since the start of the war.[173]

On 4 February 2024, Irish MEP Mick Wallace accused the United States of lacking respect for other cultures or international law after it initiated a bombing campaign against Yemen.[174] Following a US veto of a UN Security Council resolution calling for an immediate ceasefire, Zhang Jun, China's ambassador to the UN, stated it was "nothing different from giving the green light to the continued slaughter".[175]

Within Congress

U.S. House

On October 29, 2023, the only Palestinian-American in Congress, Rashida Tlaib (D-MI), accused Israel of committing genocide, saying, "President Biden, not all America is with you on this one, and you need to wake up and understand. We are literally watching people commit genocide." Representative Lloyd Doggett (D-TX) stated on December 27, 2023, that U.S. policy in Israel had failed.[176] Representative Jim McGovern (D-MA) stated on January 3, 2024, that Israeli officials' statements calling for the forced displacement of Palestinians from Gaza were "reprehensible."[177] Tlaib and Congressman Cori Bush (D-MO) released a joint statement on January 12 in support of the South Africa International Court of Justice case, stating, "The US must stop trying to discredit and undermine this case and the international legal system it claims to support."[178] Congressmembers Ro Khanna (D-CA) and Val Hoyle (D-OR) and Senator Mike Lee (R-UT) condemned Biden's 2024 missile strikes in Yemen on January 12, stating that only Congress has the power to approve a war.[179] A January 19 letter from 60 Democratic Congressmembers urged U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken to firmly condemn the forced displacement of Palestinians from Gaza.[180] A group of a dozen Jewish Congressmembers issued a statement on January 19 condemning Netanyahu's opposition to a Palestinian state, which read, "We strongly disagree with the Prime Minister. A two-state solution is the path forward."[181]

Texas Congressman Lloyd Doggett wrote on January 24: "After all America has done for him, if Netanyahu 'needs to be able to say no' to us, we need to say no to him and do so now!"[182] On January 24, a group of five Congressmembers requested the Government Accountability Office to review whether arms transferred to Israel were being used to violate international law.[183] Mark Pocan (D-WI) criticized Biden's decision to suspend funding to UNRWA, stating on January 29: "UNRWA feeds 1.2 million people a day, as well as helps distribute aid now to all Palestinians in need. Aid needs to be restored now to help the displaced millions in Gaza."[184] Chuy Garcia (D-IL) stated that the "decision to freeze UNRWA funding" should be reversed.[185] On February 11, 2024, Congresswoman Cori Bush criticized Israel's impending invasion of Rafah, stating, "Almost half of Gaza's population has taken refuge in Rafah. There's nowhere else to go."[186] Congressman Ro Khanna also criticized Biden's response to Israel's planned attack on Rafah, stating, "This is not the time for vague generalities about doing more to protect civilian life."[187]

On February 28, U.S. Congresswoman Madeleine Dean (D-PA) called for an end to the war and condemned Netanyahu, stating, "Prime Minister Netanyahu's dishonesty – his broken promises to use precision strikes to protect civilians and his false claims that safe zones have been created and enforced – is unacceptable".[188] A group of two dozen House members demanded Biden and Blinken take steps to ensure journalists' safety in Gaza, stating: "Not enough steps have been taken to safeguard the lives of the civilian population in Gaza, including journalists".[189] On February 29, Congressman Jim McGovern called for the U.S. to increase humanitarian aid to Gaza, stating, "Massive humanitarian support is needed to save innocent lives."[190] A group of six U.S. House Representatives – Rosa DeLauro (D-CT), Sean Casten (D-IL), Madeleine Dean, Becca Balint (D-VT), Salud Carbajal (D-CA), and Mark Takano (D-CA) – returned from a trip to Israel and released a joint statement, saying, "We are deeply worried that Prime Minister Netanyahu is moving toward the total destruction of Gaza and has demonstrated an utter disregard for Palestinian lives".[191] Bonnie Watson Coleman (D-NJ) stated in May 2024, "We are way past the red line. We cannot continue supporting this."[192]

U.S. Senate

On November 2, 2023, Senator Dick Durbin (D-IL) became the first U.S. Senator to call for a permanent ceasefire.[193] He was followed by Jeff Merkley (D-OR) later that same month.[194] [195] On December 23, 2023, US Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-MD), stated, "There's a big gap between what the United States says is essential, and what the Netanyahu government is prepared to do. And when you see these big gaps, the United States looks feckless."[196] US Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) criticized Biden's emergency sale of weapons to Israel on December 30, 2023, stating, "Why should the Admin bypass Congress on arms sales to any nation? Bypassing Congress = keeping the American public in the dark."[197] U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) forced a vote on January 17, 2024, on a resolution requiring the State Department to explore whether U.S. weapons were being used to violate international humanitarian law.[198]

On February 7, 2024, U.S. Senator Chris Murphy (D-CT) stated he would support an amendment requiring weapons sold internationally to be used in compliance with U.S. law, international humanitarian law, and the laws of armed conflict.[199] In a speech on February 13, Senator Chris Van Hollen accused the Israeli government of committing war crimes in Gaza, stating, "Kids in Gaza are now dying from the deliberate withholding of food. That is a war crime. It is a textbook war crime. And that makes those who orchestrate it war criminals."[200] On March 9, Senator Bernie Sanders criticized members of Congress, stating, "It is absurd to criticise Netanyahu's war in one breath and provide another $10bn to continue that war in the next."[201] On April 29, Senator Van Hollen of Maryland there was "serious doubt on the integrity of the process in the Biden administration for reviewing whether the Netanyahu government is complying with international law in Gaza".[202]

In May 2024, Bernie Sanders asked how the U.S. would be able to criticize other countries' human rights abuses if it ignored the "crimes against humanity" committed in Gaza.[203] In June 2024, Senator Chris Van Hollen urged sanctions against Israeli finance minister Bezalel Smotrich during a U.S. congressional subcommittee meeting.[204]

Within the Biden administration

In January 2024, a letter was signed by more than a dozen Biden campaign staffers calling for condition of US support to Israel and a ceasefire. Paul told The Guardian that the administration is witnessing "pretty extraordinary levels of dissent."[205] On 2 February 2024, a group of 800 U.S. and European officials signed an open letter stating their governments' policies were weakening their nations' "moral standing."[206] Following the World Central Kitchen drone strikes on 1 April 2024, internal dissent within the Biden administration on the issue of weapons sales to Israel increased.[207]

Resignations

By 7 January 2024, two officials from the Biden administration—Josh Paul and Tariq Habash, working on arms sale at the State Department and policy adviser at the Department of Education respectively—had resigned in opposition to US support to Israel's war efforts.[208] In March 2024, another State Department staffer working on human rights, Anelle Sheline, resigned over the administration's support to the war, in particular its bypassing of Congress to authorize the sale of weapons to Israel.[209] In April 2024, the U.S. State Department Arabic spokesperson resigned in protest of the administration's Gaza policy.[210] In May 2024, Lily Greenberg Call, the special assistant to the Interior Department's chief of staff, resigned in protest of Biden's Gaza policies.[211] On 30 May, a senior State Department official resigned, stating U.S. statements that Israel was not blocking humanitarian aid into Gaza were false.[212] In June 2024, the twelve public Biden administration resignees signed a joint statement calling Biden's Gaza policy "a failure and a threat to U.S. national security".[213] In July 2024, a political appointee in the Department of the Interior resigned in protest of Biden's Gaza policies.[214]

In the U.S. military

On February 25, 2024, Aaron Bushnell, a 25-year-old serviceman of the United States Air Force, died after setting himself on fire outside the front gate of the Embassy of Israel in Washington, D.C., declaring that he would "no longer be complicit in genocide".[215]

In May 2024, US Army Major Harrison Mann resigned in protest of Biden's Gaza policies.[216] In June 2024, an Air Force engineer resigned in protest of the United States' "complicit[ity] in the genocide in Gaza".[217] Later the same month, two U.S. Air Force enlistees stated they were seeking conscientious objector status due to the United States' support for Israel's action in Gaza.[218]

Muslim and Arab Americans

Amongst the Muslim and Arab American communities, there was strong backlash to US support of Israel, with some vowing to abstain from supporting Biden in the 2024 presidential election.[219] Palestinian-Americans with family in Gaza were reportedly "pleading with the U.S. government to evacuate their family members."[220] Some, including former-Congressman Justin Amash, reported the death of family members from Israeli airstrikes.[221] American citizens stuck in Gaza also criticized the United States government's response to the conflict.[222] In a meeting with Biden's campaign chair Julie Chávez Rodriguez, the publisher of Arab American News reportedly told her, "If this man wants our vote, he has to do more than Jesus Christ – bring a lot more dead back to life. Thousands of people's blood is on his hands."[223] In response to late-February 2024 reports that Biden again planned to veto a UN resolution for a ceasefire, the US Campaign for Palestinian Rights stated, "Our government is beyond evil."[224]

During the Michigan Democratic primary, Biden received less than a quarter of the vote in predominantly Arab areas in Dearborn.[225] In 2024, Dearborn Mayor Abdullah Hammoud declined an invitation to meet with Biden campaign officials prior to the 2024 United States presidential election, due to the Biden administration's stance on the Israel-Hamas war.[226] On Super Tuesday, nearly 20% of voters in Minnesota voted uncommitted in protest of Biden's Gaza policies.[227] In March 2024, a coalition of Muslim and Palestinian organizations from Chicago refused a meeting with the Biden campaign, stating, "There is no point in more meetings".[228] [229]

Internal public opinion

In a Reuters/Ipsos poll released on November 15, 2023, 32% of respondents said that the U.S. should support Israel, 39% said that the U.S. should be a neutral mediator, 4% said that the U.S. should support Palestinians, and 15% said the U.S. shouldn't be involved at all.[230]

In a Gallup poll released on November 30, 2023, 50% of the U.S. respondents approved of Israel's military action in Gaza, and 45% disapproved.[231] In November 2023, the Jewish Election Institute found that 74% of Jewish American registered voters approved of the Biden administration's handling of the war.[232]

In a Data for Progress poll released on December 5, 2023, 61% of likely voters, including a majority of Democrats (76%) and Independents (57%) and a plurality of Republicans (49%), supported the U.S. calling for a permanent ceasefire and a de-escalation of violence in Gaza; 83% of Democrats, 74% of Independents, and 63% of Republicans supported sending food, water, and medical supplies to people in Gaza; 77% of Democrats, 63% of Independents, and 55% of Republicans supported ensuring that people in Gaza have reliable access to fuel and electricity; and 63% of voters, including 65% of those under age 45, agreed with the statement that “The U.S. should hold its ally Israel to a high standard and only provide military aid to Israel if they meet our standards for human rights."[233]

In a The New York Times/Siena College poll released on December 19, 2023, 44 percent of voters said that Israel should stop its military campaign to protect against civilian casualties, and 39 percent said that Israel should continue its military campaign even if it means that civilian casualties in Gaza mount. 57% of voters said that they disapproved of President Biden's handling of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, whereas 33% approved.[234]

In a The Economist/YouGov poll released on January 24, 2024, 35% of U.S. adults agreed that Israel's military campaign against Palestinians amounts to genocide, 36% disagreed, and 29% were undecided. Among U.S. cirizens aged 18–29, 49% of those surveyed agreed that Israel is committing genocide, with 24% disagreeing, and 27% uncertain.[235]

In an Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research poll released on February 2, 2024, 50% of U.S. adults said that the military response from Israel in the Gaza Strip had gone too far, whereas 31% said that it had "been about right", and 15% thought that it had "not gone far enough".[236]

As of February 25, 2024, over 70 cities in the United States have voted for a ceasefire.[237] [238]

In a Gallup poll released on March 4, 2024, positive opinions of Israel had dropped from 64% to 38% amongst young people aged 18 to 34. Overall, 58% of Americans had a positive view of Israel.

In a Center for Economic and Policy Research poll released on March 5, 2024, 52% of U.S. citizens supported ending arms transfers to Israel. 62% of Democrats supported halting arms sales, while 14% disagreed, whereas 30% of Republicans supported the measure, and 55% opposed it.[239]

In a Gallup Poll released on March 27, 2024, 55% of the responders disapproved of Israel's military action in Gaza, 36% approved, and 9% had no opinion.

In a Data for Progress poll, in collaboration with Zeteo, released on May 8, 2024, 83% of Democrats, 56% of Republicans, and 70% of all likely voters supported the United States calling for a permanent ceasefire a de-escalation of violence in Gaza; 56% of Democrats, 23% of Republicans, and 39% of all likely voters believed that Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, with 22% of Democrats, 19% of Republicans, and 23% of all likely voters being uncertain regarding the issue; and 55% of Democrats, 36% of Republicans, and 46% of all likely voters said that they disapprove of college campuses limiting students' rights and abilities to protest against Israel's military operations, whereas 32% of Democrats, 49% of Republicans, and 40% of all likely voters approved of doing so.[240] [241] [242] [243] [244]

A YouGov poll released on May 21, 2024, and conducted in the key swing states Arizona, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, with a highly representative sample of 500 registered Democratic and Independent voters, found that between 74.1% and 82.8% of the respondents supported an immediate and permanent ceasefire, depending on the state, and that between 19.2% and 24.2% of the respondents are less likely to vote for Biden in the 2024 United States presidential election because of his handling of the war in Gaza. Over 40% of the polled voters in each state stated that the combination of imposing a lasting ceasefire and conditioning aid to Israel would make them more likely to vote for Biden.[245] [246]

According to a Data for Progress poll released on June 12, 2024, 64% of all likely voters, including 86% of Democrats, 64% of Independents, 62% of swing voters, and 43% of Republicans supported Joe Biden's proposed ceasefire deal in Gaza, with the specifics: "A complete ceasefire and withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza. The release of Israeli hostages in exchange for hundreds of Palestinian prisoners. A surge of humanitarian aid into Gaza. Allowing displaced Palestinians to return to their homes in northern Gaza and starting a 3-5 year reconstruction plan for the region, backed by the United States, Europe, and international institutions". The survey also found a 53% sum total majority support for withdrawing military aid from Israel if it rejected the ceasefire proposal, including 70% of Democrats, 51% of Independents, 53% of swing voters, and 35% of Republicans, with 36% being against it.[247] [248]

According to a The Chicago Council on Global Affairs poll released on August 6, 2024, and conducted online between June 21 and July 1, 55% of all sum total respondents oppose using US troops to defend Israel if it is attacked by a neighbouring country, whereas 41% support it.[249] [250] [251]

Israeli officials

Some Israeli government members believed that Biden's support for Israel was not strong enough. In an interview with the Wall Street Journal, Israel's Minister of National Security Itamar Ben-Gvir stated, "Instead of giving us his full backing, Biden is busy with giving humanitarian aid and fuel [to Gaza], which goes to Hamas. If Trump was in power, the U.S. conduct would be completely different."[252] Israel's Minister of Finance Bezalel Smotrich stated Biden was involved in an anti-Semitic lie for issuing sanctions against violent West Bank settlers.[253] Following comments by Biden in March 2024 that Israel's killing of civilians was "hurting Israel more than helping", the Israeli prime minister Netanyahu stated this was "false" and "wrong".[254] After a speech by Chuck Schumer calling for new elections after the war, Likud released a statement, saying, "Senator Schumer is expected to respect Israel's elected government and not undermine it. This is always true and even more so in wartime."[255]

On 27 March, Ben-Gvir stated, "Biden prefers the line of Rashida Tlaib and Sinwar to the line of Benjamin Netanyahu and Ben-Gvir. I would have expected the president of the United States not to take their line, but rather to take ours."[256] Following reports the U.S. was considering sanctions against an IDF unit charged with human rights abuses, the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called the sanctions the "height of absurdity and a moral low".[257] Diaspora Minister Amichai Chikli stated, "If I were an American citizen with the right to vote, I’d vote for Trump and Republicans".[258] In response to the Biden administration stating it was considering halting weapons transfers to Israel for its Rafah offensive, Ben-Gvir tweeted, "Hamas loves Biden".[259] In June 2024, Netanyahu criticized the Biden administration for what he called a "dramatic drop" in weapons deliveries.[260]

Human rights issues

See also: Accusations of United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Gaza Strip.

The United Nations General Assembly on October 27 voted a non-binding resolution calling for a humanitarian ceasefire to enable relief to enter Gaza; the United States stood with Israel in rejecting the proposal. The previous week, Washington had vetoed a resolution similar to this one at the more powerful UN Security Council.[261]

Progressive Democrats argue that the $14.3 billion package the White House has promised Israel violates the Leahy Act because most of the victims of Israel's attacks on Gaza are civilians. The act forbids the US State and Defence departments from providing security support to foreign governments that are suspected of violating human rights. The act's proponents refer to the increasing number of Gaza residents losing their lives as a result of military operations, the forced relocation of over a million people, and the escalating humanitarian situation following Israeli authorities' cuts to the region's supplies of fuel, food, water, and electricity.

Democratic Congressman Andre Carson of Indiana wrote to the Guardian, accusing Israel of "war crimes" and citing the Israeli Defence Forces' (IDF) alleged use of white phosphorus and this week's deadly bombing of the Jabalia refugee camp. "I am very concerned that our taxpayer dollars may be used for violations of human rights," Carson wrote.The Biden administration declared earlier this week that it was not imposing any restrictions on Israel's use of the US-supplied weapons. According to Pentagon spokesman Sabrina Singh, "That is really up to the Israel Defense Force to use in how they are going to conduct their operations... But we’re not putting any constraints on that."

Usamah Andrabi, Justice Democrats' director of communications – said “I think the Leahy Act should absolutely be looked into right now, when we are seeing gross violations of human rights,” he said. “[The Israelis] are targeting refugee camps, hospitals, mosques all under the guise of self-defense or that one or other member of Hamas is hiding there. It doesn't matter whether Hamas is there or not, because you are targeting civilians. No amount of tax dollars should be justified for that.”

Like Carson, Democratic Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, particularly mentioned the alleged use of white phosphorus, as asserted by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch (HRW), as a violation that should bar Israel from getting aid from the US. "Deployment of white phosphorus near populated civilian areas is a war crime," she said.[262]

On December 14, 2023, Independent Senator Bernie Sanders introduced a privileged resolution invoking Section 502(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act, calling on the State Department to investigate Israeli crimes against humanity in its conduct of the war in Gaza.[263] Sanders said that "This resolution is not prescriptive — it does not alter aid to Israel in any way. It simply requests that the State Department report on how our aid is being used." The resolution would freeze US military aid to Israel unless the State Department issues a report within 30 days.[264] The proposal was defeated, 72 to 11, with only Sanders and Democratic Senators Jeff Merkley, Chris Van Hollen, Martin Heinrich, Laphonza Butler, Ed Markey, Ben Ray Luján, Mazie Hirono, Peter Welch and Elizabeth Warren and Republican Rand Paul voting for it. Senator Brian Schatz (D-HI) voiced support for the resolution. Among the Senators who voted against the resolution were Chuck Schumer (D-NY), Mitch McConnell (R-KY), Dick Durbin (D-IL), Bill Cassidy (R-LA), Chris Murphy (D-CT), Rick Scott (R-FL), Tom Carper (D-DE), Mike Braun (R-IN), Bob Casey (D-PA), Mike Lee (R-UT), and Independent Angus King of Maine and Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona.[265] [266] Senator Chris Coons (D-DE) opposed the resolution. Senator Ben Cardin (D-MD), the chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, said that resolution "would be a gift to Hamas, a gift to Iran."[267]

Following the veto of another resolution in the UN Council on December 8, international human rights organizations issued the following statement: "By continuing to provide Israel with weapons [and] diplomatic cover as it commits atrocities, including collectively punishing the Palestinian civilian population in Gaza, the US risks complicity in war crimes."[37] Following reports that the U.S. State Department had not found Israel's assurances of following international law credible, William Hartung wrote that State Department staffers' "desires to align U.S. actions with U.S.and international law have been firmly rebuffed by the Biden administration’s leadership team".[268]

Alleged complicity in genocide

See main article: Accusations of United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Gaza Strip. Some scholars believe that America is complicit in an alleged genocide committed by Israel against the Palestinians.[269] [270] [271] Lawyers of the Center for Constitutional Rights warned the Biden administration that they could be held liable "for their failure to prevent Israel's unfolding genocide, as well as for their complicity, by encouraging it and materially supporting it."[272] In November 2023, president Joe Biden was nicknamed "Genocide Joe" by critics of his support for Israel. National Security Council spokesman John Kirby, described by Israeli media outlet Ynet as "an exceptionally accomplished Israeli advocate,"[273] said "Israel's trying to defend itself against a genocidal terrorist threat. So if we're going to start using that word, fine, let's use it appropriately."[274] While suing Joe Biden as the largest provider of military aid to Israel, the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) argued that "the United States has the means available to have a deterrent effect on Israeli officials now pursuing genocidal acts against the Palestinian people in Gaza."[275] In a declaration in the lawsuit, Genocide scholar William Schabas said that in his view there was a "serious risk of genocide" and that the US was "in breach of its obligation" under the 1948 Genocide Convention and international law.[276] [277] Rashida Tlaib, a Democratic representative of Michigan, accused Joe Biden of supporting the "genocide of the Palestinian people."[278]

Pro-Israel lobby

See also: Israel lobby in the United States. On 30 October 2023, AIPAC, a leading pro-Israel lobbying group, issued a public critique of the members of Congress who voted against House Resolution 771, which expressed support for Israel. In response, Republican Thomas Massie defended his vote by saying he objected to a broad "open-ended promise of military support," while Democrats Cori Bush, Mark Pocan and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez accused AIPAC of harming US democracy.[279] [280] [281] On November 1, Ilhan Omar accused AIPAC of running Islamophobic ads against her.[282] On November 2, Rashida Tlaib, who is of Palestinian descent, was the target of a $100,000 TV ad campaign by the Democratic Majority for Israel.[283]

The Republican-controlled House of Representatives on December 5 passed a resolution that included language that said the House "clearly and firmly states that anti-Zionism is antisemitism." The resolution also condemned the slogan "From the river to the sea,"[284] for which Tlaib was censured on November 5.[285] Analysis from The Guardian showed that congress members who were supportive of Israel from the war's start had received an average of $100,000 more from pro-Israel donors than their pro-Palestinian colleagues.[286] Analysis of Federal Election Commission filings showed House Speaker Mike Johnson received $95,000 from AIPAC.[287]

In March 2024, a group of 20 progressive political organizations formed an anti-AIPAC coalition to push back against the lobbyist group's influence on U.S. politics.[288] In response to comments by Senator Chuck Schumer that Israel needed new elections to replace Netanyahu, J Street stated the speech "signals a historic shift from those in the Democratic party who care deeply about Israel's future".[289] Haaretz found that hundreds of fake social media accounts were targeting Democratic Party lawmakers with messages repeating Israeli government accusations relating to UNRWA and Hamas.[290] Haaretz found Israel targeted U.S. lawmakers with an influence campaign, primarily focused on Black politicians.[291] In July 2024, a group of more than 30 human rights organizations requested the Biden Administration investigate these influence campaigns.[292] Politico found that AIPAC was the largest source of Republican donors' money spent in 2024 Democratic primary races.[293]

In an early June 2024 interview by the former Fox News host Tucker Carlson, the Republican U.S. Representative Thomas Massie stated that the American Israel Public Affairs Committee has designated representatives assigned to each Republican member of Congress to ensure that the lawmakers vote for bills that Israel supports. He also questioned why the lobby group and their representatives are not required to register as foreign agents, which would be the case for those advocating on behalf of all other countries.[294] [295] [296]

Weapons transfers

The Biden Administration caused controversy after bypassing Congress on multiple occasions to authorize arms sales to the Israeli military.[297] Unlike the United States' military support for Ukraine, details of weapons sent to Israel have been vague.[298] Leaked details have shown that the U.S. has sent laser-guided missiles, 155mm shells, new army vehicles, among others, at Israel's request.[299]

An investigation by The Guardian found the U.S. government was using special mechanisms to protect Israel from domestic human rights laws to continue sending weapons.[300] Following a trip to Washington D.C. in June 2024, Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant addressed Israeli complaints about slowed arms transfers, stating, "Obstacles were removed and bottlenecks were addressed".[301]

Unnamed officials stated in March 2024 that the U.S. had signed off on an additional 1,800 MK84 2,000-pound bombs and 500 MK82 500-pound bombs.[302] In May 2024, Israel used two U.S. made GBU-39 missiles during the Tel al-Sultan massacre.[303] In June 2024, two U.S. officials stated the United States had transferred ten thousand 2,000-pound bombs and thousands of Hellfire missiles to Israel since 7 October.[304] In late-June 2024, an Israeli official stated the Biden administration would soon transfer a delayed shipment of 500 pound bombs to Israel.[305] In mid-July 2024, a U.S. official confirmed that the United States was resuming its transfers of 500 pound bombs to Israel.[306]

Protests against transfers

Josh Paul, a senior State Department official specializing in arms transfers, resigned after stating the U.S. government continues to sell weapons to Israel despite its record of human rights abuses.[307] [308] "Direct action" tactics were adopted against arms companies in the United States that supplied arms to Israel, including Lockheed Martin,[309] General Dynamics,[310] Textron,[311] Boeing,[312] L3Harris,[313] Raytheon Technologies and Northrop Grumman.[314] War protesters on university campuses are calling for universities to withdraw any funding from arms manufacturers and companies linked to the Israeli military,[315] including Cisco, Caterpillar and General Electric.[316]

A group of seven U.S. Senators stated that the Biden Administration was in violation of the Foreign Assistance Act, which stipulates that weapons cannot be transferred to governments blocking humanitarian assistance.[317] Senator Chris Van Hollen called on Biden to cease weapons transfers, stating, "We need the president and the Biden administration to push harder and to use all the levers of US policy to ensure people don't die of starvation".[318] In June 2024, the NAACP called on the Biden administration to stop sending weapons to Israel.[319] In July 2024, a group of U.S. doctors and nurses returning from Gaza stated they had witnessed widespread war crimes committed by the Israeli army and called on the United States to implement an arms embargo.[320]

The Antisemitism Awareness Act

The "Antisemitism Awareness Act", spearheaded by the Republicans but also backed by many Democrats, passed the United States House of Representatives in a 320–91 vote on May 1, 2024, and proceeded to the Senate.[321] [322] The bill is intended to add the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance's approved working definition of antisemitism to title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits "exclusion from participation in, denial of benefits of, and discrimination under federally assisted programs on ground of race, color, or national origin."[323] Democratic Representative Sara Jacobs, who is Jewish, said she opposed the bill because "it fails to effectively address the very real rise of antisemitism, all while defunding colleges and universities across the country and punishing many, if not all, of the non-violent protestors speaking out against the Israeli military’s conduct."[324]

The proposed legislation would broaden the legal definition of antisemitism to include Anti-Zionism, criticism of the policies of the state of Israel, and concerns about Palestinian human rights, categorizing all of them as hate speech. It has been criticized for conflating "Judaism with Zionism in assuming that all Jews are Zionists". It faces strong opposition from several Democratic lawmakers, Jewish organizations, and free speech advocates, including more than 800 Jewish U.S. academics, who signed a letter calling on Biden not to sign the bill. Jeremy Ben-Ami, president of the centrist pro-Israel group J Street, said that his organization opposes the bill because it is an "unserious" effort led by Republicans "to continually force votes that divide the Democratic caucus on an issue that shouldn’t be turned into a political football." The American Civil Liberties Union meanwhile sees the bill as an attack on First Amendment rights and argues that its "overbroad" definition of antisemitism "could result in colleges and universities suppressing a wide variety of speech critical of Israel or in support of Palestinian rights in an effort to avoid investigations by the Department [of Education] and the potential loss of funding."

Some Republicans have criticized the bill stating that the definition of the bill could have the unintended consequence of making some verses in the New Testament illegal. Matt Gaetz, a Republican representative from Florida, called the bill a “ridiculous hate speech bill.” He went on to say that “this legislation is written without regard for the Constitution, common sense, or even the common understanding of the meaning of words.”[325]

Organizations like the Anti-Defamation League and Conference of Presidents have praised the bill, and it is based on definitions by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance that have been criticized by 100 Israeli and international civil society organizations that wrote to the United Nations Secretary General António Guterres in 2023 urging the UN not to adopt the definitions.[326] [327] [328] [329]

Reactions

Inside the U.S.

See also: 2023 Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States and List of US officials resigned over Biden's support for Israel in Gaza war.

October reactions

November reactions

December reactions

January reactions

February reactions

March reactions

April reactions

See also: List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the United States in 2024.

May and June reactions

Outside the U.S.

See also

Notes and References

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  3. Web site: Report: US quietly approved more than 100 arms sales to Israel since October 7. 7 March 2024. Reuters. The Times of Israel.
  4. News: Bateman. Tom. Biden and Netanyahu's deepening rift on public display. BBC News. 12 March 2024.
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  6. Web site: Magid. Jacob. Netanyahu's post-war plan for Gaza Strip draws cool US reception. 24 February 2024. The Times of Israel.
  7. News: Hudson. John. U.S. signs off on more bombs, warplanes for Israel. 29 March 2024. The Washington Post. subscription. https://web.archive.org/web/20240330065730/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/03/29/us-weapons-israel-gaza-war/. 30 March 2024.
  8. Web site: Pamuk. Humeyra. Ali. Idrees. US has agreed to send more bombs and warplanes to Israel, sources say. 30 March 2024. Reuters.
  9. News: Holland . Steve . Biden to seek billions in military aid for Israel as invasion of Gaza nears . Reuters . 20 October 2023.
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  32. News: US vetoes UN resolution calling for humanitarian pause in Israel-Hamas war . . 18 October 2023.
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  43. Web site: US says its support for Israel is 'ironclad' despite differences . Al Jazeera . 19 January 2024.
  44. Web site: Biden says two-state solution not impossible with Netanyahu in office . Al Jazeera . 20 January 2024.
  45. Web site: US official: No evidence Israel 'deliberately' commits war crimes . Al Jazeera . 20 January 2024.
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  49. News: Abutaleb . Yasmeen . Biden says countries receiving U.S. weapons must adhere to international law . The Washington Post . 8 February 2024 . 11 February 2024.
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  51. News: U.S. to review Israeli assurances it is not violating international law . . 20 March 2024.
  52. Web site: Biden's call with Netanyahu a change in tone on Rafah . Al Jazeera . 11 February 2024.
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  54. Web site: US says reviewing reports of civilian harm by Israeli forces . Al Jazeera . 14 February 2024.
  55. Web site: US Muslim group says 'shame on Senate' for passing Israel aid bill . Al Jazeera . 14 February 2024.
  56. Web site: Scahill . Jeremy . With Netanyahu Threatening Rafah Invasion, Biden Prepares To Send Israel More Bombs . The Intercept . 17 February 2024 . 19 February 2024.
  57. News: Malsin . Jared . Youseff . Nancy . U.S. Plans to Send Weapons to Israel Amid Biden Push for Cease-Fire Deal . WSJ . 18 February 2024.
  58. Web site: Charity says 'no respite for children' after US vetoes ceasefire resolution . Al Jazeera . 21 February 2024.
  59. News: US vetoes Arab-backed UN resolution demanding ceasefire in Gaza . . 20 February 2024.
  60. News: US pushes for UN to support temporary Gaza ceasefire, oppose Rafah assault . . 20 February 2024.
  61. Web site: UN Security Council resolution proposed by US 'significant' . Al Jazeera . 20 February 2024.
  62. Web site: Reid . Scotty T. . US congressman Andy Ogles stirs outrage with Gaza comment: 'Kill them all' . Al Jazeera . 22 February 2024.
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  65. Web site: Raffa . Allie . Biden scrambles to salvage cease-fire talks after IDF reportedly kills scores of Palestinians . NBC News . March 2024 . 3 March 2024.
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  67. Web site: Biden urges Republicans to pass military aid bill so 'Israel can defend itself' . Al Jazeera . 3 March 2024.
  68. Web site: US VP Harris calls for 'immediate' Gaza truce in rare rebuke of Israel . Al Jazeera . 4 March 2024.
  69. Web site: Harris . Kamala . Remarks by Vice President Harris Commemorating the 59th Anniversary of Bloody Sunday, Selma, AL . The White House . 4 March 2024 . 4 March 2024.
  70. News: Shear . Michael D. . Harris Pushes for Pause in Fighting in Meeting With Top Israeli Official . The New York Times . 4 March 2024 . 8 March 2024.
  71. Web site: Aid entering Gaza 'not enough': US envoy to UN . Al Jazeera . 4 March 2024.
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  73. Web site: Amiri . Farnoush . Knickmeyer . Ellen . Biden's closest allies are stepping up pressure on White House to do more to ease suffering in Gaza . Associated Press . 5 March 2024 . 9 March 2024.
  74. Web site: Bolton . Alexander . Democratic senators demand Biden halt military aid to Israel . The Hill . 12 March 2024 . 14 March 2024.
  75. News: Jimison . Robert . Senators Urge Biden to Stop Arming Israel, Citing Violation of U.S. Aid Law . The New York Times . 12 March 2024 . 14 March 2024.
  76. News: Barnes . Julian . Netanyahu's Coalition 'May Be in Jeopardy,' Intelligence Report Says . The New York Times . 11 March 2024 . 15 March 2024.
  77. News: Biden praises Schumer's "good speech" criticizing Netanyahu . . 15 March 2024.
  78. Web site: 'No choice': Schumer highlights American aid to Israel . Al Jazeera . 16 March 2024.
  79. Web site: Bolton . Alexander . As such, we request the Biden administration promptly establish a bold, public framework outlining the steps necessary . The Hill . 20 March 2024 . 23 March 2024.
  80. Web site: Ahmed . Akbar Shahid . U.S. Ambassador Claims Israel Is Abiding By American, International Law . HuffPost . 20 March 2024 . 23 March 2024.
  81. News: Zengerle . Patricia . US Congress deal bars US funds to UNRWA until March 2025, sources say . Reuters . 19 March 2024 . 23 March 2024.
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  83. Web site: Thakker . Prem . U.S. Doubles Down on Defunding UNRWA . The Intercept . 22 March 2024 . 25 March 2024.
  84. Web site: Netanyahu tells US Republican senators that Gaza war will continue . Al Jazeera . 24 March 2024.
  85. Web site: Russia and China veto US resolution stating imperative of 'immediate and sustained ceasefire' in Gaza . United Nations . 22 March 2024.
  86. News: Russia and China veto US resolution calling for immediate cease-fire in Gaza . . 22 March 2024.
  87. Web site: Blinken: 'We're determined that Israel succeed in defending itself' . Al Jazeera . 24 March 2024.
  88. Web site: Fabian . Emanuel . Magid . Jacob . Berman . Lazar . Gallant to leave for Washington Sunday at invitation of US defense chief . The Times of Israel . 25 March 2024.
  89. Web site: Scott . Rachel . Harris says US has not ruled out 'consequences' if Israel invades Rafah . ABC News . 27 March 2024.
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  91. Web site: Magid . Jacob . US says Israel using weapons in line with international law, not blocking Gaza aid . The Times of Israel . 27 March 2024.
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  93. News: UN Security Council passes resolution calling for Gaza ceasefire . BBC News . 26 March 2024.
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  97. Web site: US defends weapons transfers to Israel . Al Jazeera . 8 April 2024.
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  99. Web site: Neukam . Stephen . Biden ally Coons open to putting conditions on aid to Israel . Axios . 12 April 2024.
  100. Web site: Singh . Kanishka . Pelosi joins call for Biden to stop transfer of US weapons to Israel . Reuters . 17 August 2024.
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  102. News: Austin: U.S. doesn't have "any evidence" of Israel committing genocide in Gaza . Axios . April 9, 2024.
  103. Web site: Murphy . Brett . Blinken Is Sitting on Staff Recommendations to Sanction Israeli Military Units Linked to Killings or Rapes . ProPublica . 17 April 2024 . 24 April 2024.
  104. News: Antony Blinken rejects suggestion of 'double standard' on Israel . The Guardian . 23 April 2024 . Reuters . 24 April 2024.
  105. News: Biden signs aid package with $17B for Israel, $1B extra humanitarian aid for Gazans . The Times of Israel . 24 April 2024.
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  115. News: Wong . Edward . Officials Describe Pact Hamas Has Embraced as U.S.-Israel Proposal With Small Changes . The New York Times . 7 May 2024 . 9 May 2024.
  116. Web site: Mednick . Sam . Israel rejects ceasefire deal; presses on with Rafah attacks . KTVU . 6 May 2024 . Associated Press . 9 May 2024.
  117. Web site: Landay . Jonathan . Democratic lawmakers tell Biden evidence shows Israel is restricting Gaza aid . Reuters . 9 May 2024.
  118. Web site: Liptak . Kevin . Biden says he will stop sending bombs and artillery shells to Israel if it launches major invasion of Rafah . CNN . 8 May 2024 . 13 May 2024.
  119. News: Jimison . Robert . Biden Administration Advances $1 Billion Arms Sale to Israel . The New York Times . 15 May 2024 . 16 May 2024.
  120. Web site: Knickmeyer . Ellen . US says Israel's use of US arms likely violated international law, but evidence is incomplete . Associated Press . 10 May 2024 . 18 May 2024.
  121. Web site: Harb . Ali . NSM-20: 'Inconsistencies' plague US assessment on Israel's Gaza war conduct . Al Jazeera . 20 May 2024.
  122. Web site: Doctors Without Borders responds to Biden report on Israel's war in Gaza . Doctors Without Borders . 18 May 2024.
  123. Web site: Trump slams President Biden for surrendering US colleges to "Jihadist freaks" . . May 13, 2024.
  124. Web site: US House passes symbolic bill forcing Biden to send arms to Israel . Al Jazeera . 21 May 2024.
  125. Web site: Solender . Andrew . House passes bill forcing Biden to approve Israel arms shipments . Axios . 21 May 2024.
  126. News: Hussain . Murtaza . CAN A U.S. ALLY ACTUALLY BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR WAR CRIMES IN THE ICC?. The Intercept . 20 May 2024.
  127. Web site: Biden Calls for End to Gaza War, Endorsing Israeli Cease-Fire Proposal . 31 May 2024 . Kanno-Youngs . Zolan . Sanger . David . . 1 June 2024.
  128. News: US House seeks to sanction ICC after warrant seeking for Israel's Netanyahu . Al Jazeera . 5 Jun 2024.
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  130. News: US, UK aided Israel in bloody operation in Nuseirat refugee camp . . 9 June 2024.
  131. Web site: Matza . Max . Netanyahu to address US Congress on 24 July . BBC . 9 June 2024.
  132. Web site: Fabian . Emanuel . Israel inks deal to buy 25 more F-35 fighter jets for $3 billion . The Times of Israel . 13 June 2024.
  133. News: Hudson . John . Key Democrats approve major arms sale to Israel, including F-15s . The Washington Post . 27 June 2024.
  134. Web site: Robertson . Nick . House votes to ban State Department from citing Gaza Health Ministry death toll statistics . The Hill . 6 July 2024.
  135. News: Goodwin . Liz . Harris won't preside over Netanyahu's speech to Congress . The Washington Post . 24 July 2024.
  136. News: Holland . Steve . US to resume shipping 500-pound bombs to Israel, US official says . Reuters . 11 July 2024.
  137. Web site: Khalil . Ashraf . Thousands fill Washington's streets to protest Israel's war in Gaza during Netanyahu visit . Associated Press . 24 July 2024 . 3 August 2024.
  138. News: Michaelson . Ruth . Were Benjamin Netanyahu's claims accurate in his speech to US Congress? . The Guardian . 24 July 2024 . 3 August 2024.
  139. News: Roth . Andrew . Kamala Harris says 'I will not be silent' on suffering in Gaza after Netanyahu talks . The Guardian . 26 July 2024 . 3 August 2024.
  140. Web site: US criticizes ICJ opinion on Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories. Reuters. 20 July 2024.
  141. News: Uncommitted voters respond to Harris-Walz ticket with hope and reservations . The Guardian . 8 August 2024.
  142. Web site: Yamamoto . Arata . U.S. and other ambassadors to skip Nagasaki peace memorial over Israel’s exclusion . NBC News . 18 August 2024.
  143. News: US to provide $3.5bn more in military aid to Israel amid war on Gaza . Al Jazeera . 10 August 2024.
  144. News: US approves $20 billion in weapons sales to Israel amid threat of wider Middle East war . 13 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240813225917/https://apnews.com/article/israel-gaza-20-billion-weapons-us-aid-b6a99129c88a5dcc4a4753e20b5e19ec . 13 August 2024. 14 August 2024.
  145. News: How big is Israel's military and how much funding does it get from the US? . Al Jazeera . 11 October 2023.
  146. News: Tait . Robert . Which countries supply Israel with arms and why is Biden reluctant to stop? . The Guardian . 9 Apr 2024.
  147. News: Falconer . Rebecca . U.S. State Department official resigns over military aid to Israel . Axios . October 2023.
  148. News: DeYoung . Karen . U.S. officials push for increased aid in Gaza as Israeli offensive continues . 8 December 2023 . Washington Post . 8 December 2023.
  149. Web site: Harb . Ali . Biden is said to be angry at Netanyahu, but US rewards keep coming . Al Jazeera . 19 February 2024.
  150. Web site: Bishara . Marwan . Increasing 'heat' between Biden and Netanyahu . Al Jazeera . 14 March 2024.
  151. Web site: United States still not using 'real leverage' to pressure Israel . Al Jazeera . 24 March 2024.
  152. News: Cook . Steven A. . After the war in Gaza, America's relationship with Israel has to change. Here's how . 30 May 2024.
  153. Web site: Khoury . Elias . Why has America risked it all in Gaza? . Al Jazeera . 17 August 2024.
  154. Israel and U.S. Face Growing Isolation as Deadly War in Gaza Continues With No End in Sight. Time. 12 December 2023. 16 December 2023. Israel and the United States were increasingly isolated as they faced global calls for a cease-fire in Gaza, including a non-binding vote expected to pass at the United Nations later on Tuesday. Israel has pressed ahead with an offensive against Gaza’s Hamas rulers that it says could go on for weeks or months.. 16 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231216095821/https://time.com/6358201/israel-us-isolation-gaza-hamas-war-end/. dead.
  155. News: Israel and US show sharp divisions over mounting casualties and future of war against Hamas . . 13 December 2023. 16 December 2023 . Israel and the United States on Tuesday showed their sharpest public disagreement yet over the conduct and future of the war against Hamas as the two allies became increasingly isolated by global calls for a cease-fire..
  156. News: US increasingly alone in Israel support as 153 countries vote for ceasefire at UN . . 12 December 2023 . 16 December 2023. The United States was looking increasingly isolated on the world stage on Tuesday after a resounding vote at the UN general assembly calling for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza..
  157. News: U.S. and Israel increasingly isolated amid growing calls for a cease-fire . . 13 December 2023 . 16 December 2023 . As the Israeli military expands its military operations in Gaza, NBC News’ Hala Gorani reports on the Israel Defense Forces latest offensive against Hamas and how the U.S. and Israel are becoming increasingly isolated internationally amid growing calls for a cease-fire..
  158. Web site: Turak . Natasha . Biden's support of Israel leaves him as isolated as Russia on the world stage, analyst says . CNBC . 7 December 2023 . 11 December 2023.
  159. Web site: 'US is complicit in Israeli genocide' . Al Jazeera . 19 March 2024.
  160. Sanders . Bernie . A Revolution in American Foreign Policy . Foreign Affairs . 18 March 2024 . 20 March 2024.
  161. News: Stuenkel . Oliver . Why the Global South Is Accusing America of Hypocrisy . Foreign Policy . 2 Nov 2023 . 25 February 2024 . 25 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240225100332/https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/11/02/israel-palestine-hamas-gaza-war-russia-ukraine-occupation-west-hypocrisy/ . live .
  162. News: Wintour . Patrick . Why US double standards on Israel and Russia play into a dangerous game . The Guardian . 26 Dec 2023.
  163. News: MacFarquhar . Neil . Developing World Sees Double Standard in West's Actions in Gaza and Ukraine . The New York Times . New York Times . 23 Oct 2023.
  164. Chotiner . Isaac . Biden's Increasingly Contradictory Israel Policy. The New Yorker . 2 April 2024 . 9 April 2024.
  165. Web site: Gumrukcu . Tuvan . Turkey accuses U.S. of double standards over Gaza in rights report . Reuters . 26 April 2024.
  166. Web site: Rules-based international order established after World War II 'falling apart' . Al Jazeera . 15 June 2024.
  167. Web site: NATO summit: Spain PM Pedro Sanchez rejects 'double standards' on Gaza . Hindustan Times . AFP . 28 July 2024.
  168. Moench . Mallory . U.S. Faces Backlash for Vetoing U.N.'s Gaza Ceasefire Call . TIME . December 9, 2023 . December 18, 2023.
  169. Web site: 'Double standards': World reacts to US veto on Gaza truce resolution at UN . Al Jazeera . December 9, 2023 . . December 18, 2023.
  170. Web site: Lederer . Edith M. . US vetoes UN resolution backed by many nations demanding immediate humanitarian cease-fire in Gaza . AP News . December 8, 2023 . December 18, 2023.
  171. Web site: UN General Assembly votes by large majority for immediate humanitarian ceasefire during emergency session . UN News . December 12, 2023 . December 18, 2023.
  172. Web site: Arab public opinion poll shows near-unanimous solidarity with Palestinians . Al Jazeera . 12 January 2024.
  173. Web site: 'Shame': Palestine UN mission decries Blinken ignoring killed civilians . Al Jazeera . 16 January 2024.
  174. Web site: US and UK have no respect for international law or other cultures, Irish MEP says . Al Jazeera . 5 February 2024.
  175. Web site: World slams US ceasefire veto at UN Security Council on Israel's Gaza war . Al Jazeera . 22 February 2024.
  176. Web site: US policy on Israel 'has failed': US Democratic Congressman . Al Jazeera . 27 December 2023.
  177. Web site: US should not write 'blank check for mass displacement': Congressman . Al Jazeera . 3 January 2024.
  178. Web site: US Congresswoman Tlaib voices support for South Africa case . Al Jazeera . 12 January 2024.
  179. Web site: US legislators stress Biden needs Congress to OK military strikes . Al Jazeera . 13 January 2024.
  180. Web site: Dozens of US lawmakers urge Blinken to condemn 'forced displacement' of Palestinians . Al Jazeera . 20 January 2024.
  181. Web site: Jewish US lawmakers issue terse rebuttal of Netanyahu comments . Al Jazeera . 20 January 2024.
  182. Web site: 'We need to say no' to Netanyahu: US congressman . Al Jazeera . 24 January 2024.
  183. Web site: US lawmakers ask for assessment of arms transfers to Israel . Al Jazeera . 25 January 2024.
  184. Web site: US congressman calls for restoring UNRWA funding . Al Jazeera . 30 January 2024.
  185. Web site: US should reverse UNRWA funding 'freeze': Congressman . Al Jazeera . 1 February 2024.
  186. Web site: US 'is funding massacre of Palestinians': Congresswoman Cori Bush . Al Jazeera . 12 February 2024.
  187. Web site: 'We must demand of Netanyahu – STOP': US legislator . Al Jazeera . 14 February 2024.
  188. Web site: US congresswoman slams Netanyahu's 'dishonesty', calls for ceasefire . Al Jazeera . 29 February 2024.
  189. Web site: Lillis . Mike . Democrats push Blinken to protect press freedom in Gaza . The Hill . 28 February 2024 . 29 February 2024.
  190. Web site: US congressman says millions at 'imminent risk' of famine in Gaza . Al Jazeera . 1 March 2024.
  191. Web site: Kampeas . Ron . 6 House Dems, back from Israel, accuse Netanyahu of 'utter disregard for Palestinian lives' . Jewish Telegraphic Agency . March 2024 . 2 March 2024.
  192. Web site: More US lawmakers urge Biden to end support for Israel's Gaza war . Al Jazeera . 7 June 2024.
  193. Web site: Feurer . Todd . Henry . Skyler . Dick Durbin first U.S. senator to call for Gaza ceasefire, tied to Hamas' release of hostages . CBS News . 6 March 2024. 2 November 2023.
  194. Web site: Shumway . Julia . U.S. Sen. Jeff Merkley from Oregon calls for cease-fire in Gaza . Oregon Public Broadcasting . 6 March 2024. 22 November 2023.
  195. Web site: Merkley Statement on Ceasefire . Office of Senator Merkley . 6 March 2024. 20 November 2023.
  196. Web site: Politi . James . Biden's troubled Gaza strategy: 'the US looks feckless' . Financial Times . 23 December 2023.
  197. Web site: Biden admin 'keeping the American public in the dark' on Israeli weapons: US senator . Al Jazeera . 31 December 2023.
  198. Web site: US Senator Sanders pushes for report on potential rights violations in Gaza . Al Jazeera . 17 January 2024.
  199. Web site: US senator supports weapons amendment that could affect Israel . Al Jazeera . 8 February 2024.
  200. Web site: 'Kids are dying': US senator accuses Israel of 'textbook war crimes' . Al Jazeera . 15 February 2024.
  201. Web site: Bernie Sanders slams US Congress over 'absurd' hypocrisy on Gaza . Al Jazeera . 12 March 2024.
  202. Web site: Pamuk . Humeyra . US senator questions whether State Dept properly assessing Israel conduct . Reuters . 4 May 2024.
  203. Web site: US Senator Bernie Sanders says US ignores crimes in Gaza at its peril . Al Jazeera . 4 June 2024.
  204. Web site: Mednick . Sam . Israeli settlers in the West Bank were hit with international sanctions. It only emboldened them . ABC News . Associated Press . 13 June 2024.
  205. Web site: 'Extraordinary': Biden administration staffers' growing dissent against Gaza policy. The Guardian. 6 January 2024. 7 January 2024.
  206. Web site: More than 800 US, European officials denounce support for Israel's war . Al Jazeera . 4 February 2024.
  207. Web site: Biden pressure on Israel not enough, say dissenting US officials. BBC. 1 April 2024. 17 April 2024.
  208. News: Allam . Hannah . From Iowa, Washington's top Gaza dissenter plots a second act . The Washington Post . 18 May 2024.
  209. News: Allam . Hannah . Hudson . John . 2024-03-27 . State Dept. human rights staffer quits over Biden's Gaza policy . 2024-03-27 . Washington Post . en-US . 0190-8286.
  210. Web site: Singh . Kanishka . US State Department Arabic spokesperson resigns in opposition to Gaza policy . Reuters . 28 April 2024.
  211. News: US interior department staffer is first Jewish Biden appointee to resign over war in Gaza . The Guardian . 15 May 2024 . Associated Press . 18 May 2024.
  212. Web site: Psaledakis . Daphne . US State Department official resigns, says US report on Gaza inaccurate . Reuters . 8 June 2024.
  213. Web site: Ahmed . Akbar Shahid . 12 Biden Administration Resignees Blast 'Intransigent' Gaza Policy . HuffPost . 2 July 2024 . 4 July 2024.
  214. Web site: Kelly . Laura . Third Biden political appointee resigns over US support for Israel . The Hill . 10 July 2024.
  215. News: Pitofsky . Marina . Ortiz . Jorge L. . Nguyen . Thao . and . February 25, 2024 . Air Force member in critical condition after setting himself on fire outside Israeli embassy in Washington . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226081955/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2024/02/25/fire-man-israeli-embassy-washington-police/72740035007/ . February 26, 2024 . February 25, 2024 . USA Today.
  216. News: Ismay . John . Army Officer Resigns in Protest of 'Unqualified' U.S. Support to Israel . The New York Times . 13 May 2024 . 18 May 2024.
  217. Web site: Thakker . Prem . "Utterly Dismayed": Air Force Engineer Resigns as Dissent Against Gaza War Slowly Spreads Within Military . The Intercept . 18 June 2024 . 4 July 2024.
  218. Web site: Doyle . Katherine . U.S. military members discuss seeking conscientious objector status over support of Israel in Gaza . NBC News . 21 June 2024 . 1 July 2024.
  219. Web site: Daniels . Cheyanne M. . Arab, Muslim Americans could abandon Biden, Democrats, warn advocates . The Hill . 13 December 2023 . 21 December 2023.
  220. News: Slater . Joanna . Americans struggle to save relatives in Gaza stalked by war, hunger . The Washington Post . 21 December 2023.
  221. News: Vargas . Ramon Antonio . Former US congressman says family members killed in Gaza church blast . The Guardian . 21 October 2023 . 21 December 2023.
  222. Web site: Crawford . Shannon K. . Plight of Americans stuck in Gaza grows more dire as fighting rages . ABC News . 21 December 2023.
  223. Web site: Harb . Ali . 'War criminal': Arab Americans rebuff Biden campaign outreach over Gaza . Al Jazeera . 28 January 2024.
  224. Web site: Our government is beyond evil . Al Jazeera . 19 February 2024.
  225. Web site: Harb . Ali . Biden flopped in Arab American parts of Michigan city, election data shows . Al Jazeera . 29 February 2024.
  226. Web site: 'Not welcome here': Arab leaders cancel Dearborn meeting with Biden campaign manager . 2024-01-26 . The Detroit News . en-US.
  227. Web site: Stepansky . Joseph . Minnesota's 'stunning' uncommitted vote reveals enduring problem for Biden . Al Jazeera . 10 March 2024.
  228. Web site: Chicago-based Muslim groups refuse to meet White House officials . Al Jazeera . 16 March 2024.
  229. Web site: Abdelaziz . Rowaida . Palestinian Americans In Illinois Reject White House Meeting . Huffpost . 15 March 2024 . 18 March 2024.
  230. https://www.reuters.com/world/us-public-support-israel-drops-majority-backs-ceasefire-reutersipsos-2023-11-15/ US public support for Israel drops; majority backs a ceasefire, Reuters/Ipsos shows
  231. https://news.gallup.com/poll/545045/americans-back-israel-military-action-gaza.aspx Americans Back Israel's Military Action in Gaza by 50% to 45%
  232. News: Polls: US Jews back Biden's handling of Gaza war; Americans as a whole, less so . The Times of Israel . 16 November 2023.
  233. https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2023/12/5/voters-want-the-us-to-call-for-a-permanent-ceasefire-in-gaza-and-to-prioritize-diplomacy Voters Want the U.S. to Call for a Permanent Ceasefire in Gaza and to Prioritize Diplomacy
  234. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/19/us/politics/biden-israel-gaza-poll.html Poll Finds Wide Disapproval of Biden on Gaza, and Little Room to Shift Gears
  235. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/jan/24/americans-believe-israel-committing-genocide-poll More than one-third of Americans believe Israel is committing genocide, poll shows
  236. https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-poll-biden-war-gaza-4159b28d313c6c37abdb7f14162bcdd1 Half of US adults say Israel has gone too far in war in Gaza, AP-NORC poll shows
  237. https://eu.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2024/02/25/biden-election-jews-evangelicals-support-gaza-ceasefire/72672589007/ Majority of US voters want Gaza cease-fire. Do Jewish, evangelical faithful agree?
  238. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-city-councils-increasingly-call-israel-gaza-ceasefire-analysis-shows-2024-01-31/ US city councils increasingly call for Israel-Gaza ceasefire, analysis shows
  239. Web site: Poll: Majority of Americans Say Biden Should Halt Weapons Shipments to Israel . CEPR . 10 March 2024.
  240. https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2024/5/8/support-for-a-permanent-ceasefire-in-gaza-increases-across-party-lines Support for a Permanent Ceasefire in Gaza Increases Across Party Lines
  241. https://zeteo.com/p/gaza-israel-genocide-poll-ceasefire-us-voters EXCLUSIVE POLL: A Majority of Democratic Voters Believe Israel Is Committing Genocide
  242. https://www.commondreams.org/news/democratic-voters-israel-genocide Majority of Democratic Voters Believe Israel's US-Backed Gaza Assault Is 'Genocide': Poll
  243. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240509-israel-is-committing-genocide-in-gaza-believe-us-democrats-according-to-new-poll/ Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, believe US Democrats according to new poll
  244. https://jpost.com/us-elections/article-800603 Most Democrats believe Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza - poll
  245. Web site: Thakker . Prem . Conditioning Aid to Israel Would Boost Support For Biden In Key States, New Poll Finds . . 21 May 2024 . 5 June 2024.
  246. Web site: The Gaza Vote: Policy Impacts of Biden's Approach on Gaza for the November Election in Five Key Battleground States . Americans for Justice in Palestine Action . 6 June 2024.
  247. Web site: Voters Support Proposed Ceasefire Deal to End Fighting in Gaza . . June 12, 2024 . . August 12, 2024.
  248. Web site: AIPAC is growing desperate . Khouri . Rami . August 11, 2024 . . August 12, 2024 . The pro-Israel lobby is finding it harder and harder to confront a growing shift in American public opinion on Israel-Palestine..
  249. Web site: Majority of Americans Oppose Sending US Forces to Defend Israel if Attacked by Iran . Smeltz . Dina . August 6, 2024 . . August 12, 2024.
  250. Web site: Poll: Most Americans don't want to send troops to defend Israel . Sobczak . Aaron . August 6, 2024 . . August 12, 2024 . The lowest level of support in recent years — from both political parties.
  251. News: Most Americans oppose sending U.S. troops to defend Israel, poll finds . Pietsch . Bryan . August 6, 2024 . . August 12, 2024 . Support for such a move has fallen to the lowest level in more than a decade..
  252. News: Azulay . Moran . Ben-Gvir trashes US president in WSJ: 'Biden is busy giving aid to Hamas, with Trump it would be different' . Ynetnews . 4 February 2024 . 7 February 2024.
  253. News: Lyons . John . US sanctions on Israeli settlers have sparked accusations of anti-Semitism — and cracked open a long-running international debate . ABC News . 5 February 2024 . 7 February 2024.
  254. Web site: Netanyahu rejects Biden, US policy on Gaza, says most Israelis support him . Al Jazeera . 12 March 2024.
  255. Web site: Netanyahu's party fires back: Israel 'not a banana republic' . Al Jazeera . 16 March 2024.
  256. News: Boxerman . Aaron . Erlanger . Steven . Domestic Political Pressures Widen Divide Between Biden and Netanyahu . The New York Times . 26 March 2024 . 1 April 2024.
  257. News: Lis . Jonathan . Israeli Ministers Tell U.S. to 'Step Down,' Call Sanctions Against ultra-Orthodox IDF Unit 'Height of Absurdity' . Haaretz . 21 April 2024 . 24 April 2024.
  258. Web site: Minister claims Biden harming ties with Israel, says he'd vote for Trump if he could . The Times of Israel . 27 April 2024.
  259. News: Lyons . John . As Biden talks tough and support for a two-state solution grows, Gaza descends further into a humanitarian abyss . ABC News . 12 May 2024 . 14 May 2024.
  260. Web site: Goldenburg . Tia . Netanyahu continues to claim the U.S. is withholding weapons from Israel despite denials . PBS . 23 June 2024 . Associated Press . 26 June 2024.
  261. News: Dixon . Hugo . Breakingviews: Israel war tests US appeal to global swing states . Rruters . 30 October 2023.
  262. News: Tait . Robert . Leftist Democrats invoke human rights law in scrutiny of Israel military aid . The Guardian . 3 November 2023.
  263. News: Senate Rejects Israel Human Rights Measure, but Skepticism on Aid Persists . The New York Times . January 16, 2024.
  264. News: Sanders to force vote on potentially freezing military aid to Israel . The Hill . January 16, 2024.
  265. News: Senate Kills Measure to Scrutinize Israeli Human Rights Record as Condition for Aid . The Intercept . January 16, 2024.
  266. News: The Shame of the Senate . . January 17, 2024.
  267. News: Senate rejects Sanders resolution on human rights violations in Gaza, but Democrats signal growing concern . CNN . January 16, 2024.
  268. Web site: Hartung . William . What If The State Department Was Allowed To Do Its Job On Israel And Gaza? . Forbes . 4 May 2024.
  269. News: US President Biden sued for 'complicity' in Israel's 'genocide' in Gaza . 8 December 2023 . Al Jazeera . en.
  270. News: Building the Case for US Complicity . 8 December 2023 . Jewish Currents . en.
  271. News: Speri . Alice . Going All-In for Israel May Make Biden Complicit in Genocide . 8 December 2023 . The Intercept . 19 October 2023.
  272. News: Alice . Speri . Going All-In for Israel May Make Biden Complicit in Genocide . 23 Oct 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231116013559/https://theintercept.com/2023/10/19/israel-gaza-biden-genocide-war-crimes/ . 16 November 2023 .
  273. News: Shmilovitz . Tzippy . How John Kirby became one of Israel's leading spokespeople . . 18 December 2023 . 21 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231221195325/https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/rjwja2hlt . 21 December 2023.
  274. Web site: White House Asked Point Blank About Pro-Ceasefire Protesters Calling Biden 'Genocide Joe' . . 20 November 2023 . . 20 November 2023 .
  275. News: McGreal . Chris . US rights group sues Biden for alleged 'failure to prevent genocide' in Gaza . The Guardian . 13 Nov 2023.
  276. Mansoor . Sanya . 21 November 2023 . Pro-Palestinian Americans Are Pushing Biden to Pivot . 23 November 2023 . . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20240102191717/https://time.com/6337911/biden-israel-policy-palestine-pressure/ . 2 January 2024.
  277. Web site: Hanson . Natalie . 23 November 2023 . Palestinians file lawsuit accusing Biden administration of violating Genocide Convention . . https://web.archive.org/web/20231213203151/https://www.courthousenews.com/palestinians-file-lawsuit-accusing-biden-administration-of-violating-genocide-convention/ . 13 December 2023.
  278. News: Helmore . Edward . Rashida Tlaib claims in video that Biden supports Palestinian genocide . The Guardian . 4 Nov 2023.
  279. Web site: Timotija . Filip . 2023-10-31 . Massie argues with pro-Israel group over opposition to $14B aid package . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231102223815/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4286228-massie-aipac-opposition-israel-aid-package/ . 2023-11-02 . 2023-11-04 . The Hill . en-US.
  280. Web site: Agencies and ToI Staff . 2023-11-02 . Ocasio-Cortez calls AIPAC 'racist and bigoted' after it criticizes her Gaza stance . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231103231457/https://www.timesofisrael.com/ocasio-cortez-calls-aipac-racist-and-bigoted-after-it-criticizes-her-gaza-stance/ . 2023-11-03 . 2023-11-04 . www.timesofisrael.com . en-US.
  281. Web site: Conley . J . 2023-11-01 . As AIPAC Boosts Israel Military Aid Package, AOC Says Group Is 'No Friend to American Democracy' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231102155943/https://www.commondreams.org/news/aipac-aoc-us-democracy . 2023-11-02 . 2023-11-04 . Common Dreams . en.
  282. Omar . Ilhan . IlhanMN . 1719817547195822090 . 2023-11-01 . AIPAC literally ran ads with my face next to Hamas rockets.
  283. Web site: Epstein . Reid J. . 2023-11-02 . Rashida Tlaib Draws Attack Ads From Pro-Israel Democratic Group . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231104074838/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/us/politics/rashida-tlaib-israel-ads.html . 2023-11-04 . 2023-11-04 . The New York Times . en-US.
  284. News: Harb . Ali . 'Anti-Zionism is antisemitism,' US House asserts in 'dangerous' resolution . 6 Dec 2023.
  285. Web site: House censures Rep. Rashida Tlaib over Israel remarks. NBC News. November 7, 2023. November 9, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231108071851/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-vote-censure-rashida-tlaib-israel-hamas-palestine-remarks-rcna124005. November 8, 2023. live.
  286. News: Perkins . Tom . Revealed: Congress backers of Gaza war received most from pro-Israel donors . The Guardian . 10 January 2024 . 12 January 2024.
  287. Web site: AIPAC donated $95,000 to US speaker who pushed through Israel aid package: Report . Al Jazeera . 21 January 2024.
  288. Web site: Harb . Ali . 'Reject AIPAC': US progressives join forces against pro-Israel lobby group . Al Jazeera . 14 March 2024.
  289. Web site: Pro-Israel lobby group applauds Schumer's comments . Al Jazeera . 16 March 2024.
  290. News: Benjakob . Omer . Israeli Influence Operation Targets U.S. Lawmakers on Hamas-UNRWA . Haaretz . 19 March 2024 . 22 March 2024.
  291. Web site: Benjakob . Omer . Israel Secretly Targeted American Lawmakers With Gaza War Influence Campaign . Haaretz . 15 June 2024.
  292. Web site: Valdez . Jonah . Rights Groups Demand Biden Give Answers On Israel's Secret Influence Campaign On Congress . The Intercept . 24 July 2024 . 26 July 2024.
  293. Web site: Piper . Jessica . Bipartisanship or Republican meddling? AIPAC is biggest source of GOP donations in Dem primaries . Politico . 17 June 2024.
  294. https://www.mediaite.com/politics/house-republican-claims-every-gop-colleague-has-an-aipac-babysitter-who-lobbies-for-israeli-interests/ House Republican Claims Every GOP Colleague Has an ‘AIPAC Babysitter’ Pressuring Them to Cast Pro-Israel Votes
  295. https://thehill.com/video/thomas-massie-tells-tucker-carlson-that-every-republican-congressman-‘has-an-aipac-person’/9771157/ Thomas Massie tells Tucker Carlson that every Republican congressman ‘has an AIPAC person’
  296. https://www.newarab.com/news/massie-every-republican-congress-has-aipac-babysitter "US rep Thomas Massie: Every Republican in Congress has an AIPAC babysitter"
  297. Web site: Lee . Matthew . The Biden administration once again bypasses Congress on an emergency weapons sale to Israel . Associated Press . 29 December 2023 . 22 January 2024.
  298. News: Klippenstein . Ken . November 7, 2023 . U.S. Weapons Transfers to Israel Shrouded in Secrecy — But Not Ukraine . . November 15, 2023.
  299. News: Capaccio . Anthony . November 14, 2023 . US Is Quietly Sending Israel More Ammunition, Missiles . . November 15, 2023.
  300. News: Kirchgaessner . Stephanie . 'Different rules': special policies keep US supplying weapons to Israel despite alleged abuses . The Guardian . 18 January 2024 . 22 January 2024.
  301. News: DeYoung . Karen . U.S. war aid of $6.5 billion discussed during 'productive' Gallant visit . The Washington Post . 4 July 2024.
  302. News: Hudson . John . U.S. signs off on more bombs, warplanes for Israel . The Washington Post . 5 April 2024.
  303. Web site: Stein . Robin . Triebert . Christiaan . Willis . Haley . 29 May 2024 . Israel Used U.S.-Made Bombs in Strike That Killed Dozens Near Rafah . 29 May 2024 . The New York Times.
  304. Web site: Pamuk . Humeyra . Stone . Mike . US has sent Israel thousands of 2,000-pound bombs since Oct. 7 . Reuters . 6 July 2024.
  305. Web site: Ravid . Barak . U.S. to release part of suspended bomb shipment to Israel . Axios . 7 July 2024.
  306. Web site: Holland . Steve . US to resume shipping 500-pound bombs to Israel, US official says . Reuters . 20 July 2024.
  307. News: Ismay . John . State Department Official Resigns Over Arms Transfers to Israel . The New York Times . 19 October 2023 . 22 January 2024.
  308. Web site: US ignores Israeli 'war crimes' for domestic politics: ex-official . France24 . 15 November 2023 . 22 January 2024.
  309. News: Anti-war protesters block access to Lockheed Martin subsidiary in St. Paul . MPR News . 10 November 2023.
  310. News: Pro-Palestinian Protest Outside General Dynamics . Daily Nebraskan . 10 November 2023.
  311. News: Hundreds gather for another protest outside of Textron Headquarters . ABC6.com . 17 November 2023.
  312. News: Hundreds call on Boeing to stop weapons supply to Israel . . 9 December 2023.
  313. News: Hundreds protest outside defence factories against arms being sent to Israel . Sky News . 7 December 2023.
  314. News: Protesters Are Targeting Defense Contractors That Bragged About Profits from Gaza . Vice . November 17, 2023.
  315. News: Harb . Ali . Generation gap: What student protests say about US politics, Israel support . Al Jazeera . 26 April 2024.
  316. News: 'Divest from Israel': Decoding the Gaza protest call shaking US campuses . Al Jazeera . 30 April 2024.
  317. Web site: Bolton . Alexander . Democratic senators demand Biden halt military aid to Israel . The Hill . 12 March 2024 . 18 March 2024.
  318. News: Gambino . Lauren . Top senator calls on Biden to 'use all levers' to pressure Israel over Gaza . The Guardian . 16 March 2024 . 18 March 2024.
  319. Web site: Adams . Char . NAACP urges Biden to halt weapons to Israel and help end Gaza war . NBC News . 7 June 2024 . 15 June 2024.
  320. Web site: McGreal . Chris . US medics who volunteered in Gaza demand arms embargo over ‘unbearable cruelty’ inflicted by Israel . The Guardian . 17 August 2024.
  321. Web site: 2023-10-26 . H.R.6090 - 118th Congress (2023-2024): Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023 . Congress.gov . Library of Congress . May 13, 2024 . May 13, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240513065151/https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6090 . live .
  322. https://www.politifact.com/article/2024/may/10/the-antisemitism-awareness-act-what-to-know/ The Antisemitism Awareness Act: What to know
  323. Web site: Foran . Clare . 2024-05-01 . House passes antisemitism bill as Johnson highlights campus protests CNN Politics . 2024-05-13 . CNN . en . May 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240503181837/https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/01/politics/house-vote-antisemitism-awareness-act/index.html . live .
  324. Web site: Timotija . Filip . 2024-05-01 . Jewish Democrat Sara Jacobs on voting against bill: Anti-Zionism not 'inherently' antisemitism . 2024-05-13 . The Hill . en-US . May 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240503000722/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4637427-jewish-democrat-sara-jacobs-voting-against-bill-anti-zionism-not-inherently-antisemitism/ . live .
  325. Web site: Mathur-Ashton . Aneeta . 2024-05-08 . EXPLAINER: The Controversy Surrounding the Antisemitism Bill National News U.S. News . 2024-05-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240508155651/https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2024-05-07/explainer-the-controversy-surrounding-the-antisemitism-bill . 8 May 2024 .
  326. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/11/us-university-protests-antisemitism-free-speech Campus protest crackdowns claim to be about antisemitism – but they’re part of a rightwing plan
  327. https://thehill.com/opinion/congress-blog/4657119-the-antisemitism-awareness-act-is-bad-for-american-jews-heres-why/ The Antisemitism Awareness Act is bad for American Jews — here’s why
  328. https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/house-vote-expanded-definition-antisemitism-amid-growing-campus-109838397 House passes bill to expand definition of antisemitism amid growing campus protests over Gaza war
  329. https://www.newarab.com/news/800-jewish-scholars-urge-biden-reject-antisemitism-bill Over 800 Jewish scholars urge Biden to not sign IHRA antisemitism bill
  330. News: Gambino . Lauren . Left revolts over Biden's staunch support of Israel amid Gaza crisis . The Guardian . 28 October 2023.
  331. Web site: 85% Of Voters Concerned Israel - Hamas War Will Escalate Into A Wider War In The Middle East, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Approval For Building Border Wall With Mexico Reaches Record High Quinnipiac University Poll . poll.qu.edu . 1 November 2023 . en . 17 October 2023.
  332. News: Smith . David . Does Biden's unwavering support for Israel risk his chance for re-election? . The Guardian . 29 October 2023.
  333. News: 26 October 2023 . US congressman: 'Palestine will be turned into a parking lot' . . https://web.archive.org/web/20231028030424/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231026-us-congressman-palestine-will-be-turned-into-a-parking-lot/ . 28 October 2023.
  334. Otten . Tori . 1 November 2023 . Republican Representative Directly Compares All Palestinians to Nazis . 3 February 2024 . . 0028-6583 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240203033548/https://newrepublic.com/post/176559/republican-representative-brian-mast-compares-palestinians-nazis . 3 February 2024.
  335. News: Biden's Israel funding request gets scrutiny, hits early hurdle . Al Jazeera . 1 Nov 2023.
  336. Web site: Bade . Rachael . 2023-11-05 . Why Obama's message on the Israel-Hamas war matters . 2023-11-05 . POLITICO . en.
  337. News: US President Biden sued for 'complicity' in Israel's 'genocide' in Gaza . Al-Jazeera . 14 Nov 2023.
  339. Web site: 16 November 2023 . Guardian deletes Osama Bin Laden's old letter to America after the internet started debating it . https://web.archive.org/web/20231116075523/https://www.cnbctv18.com/world/guardian-deletes-osama-bin-ladens-old-letter-to-america-after-the-internet-started-debating-it-18336391.htm/amp . 16 November 2023 . CNBC TV18.
  341. News: Harwell . Drew . Bisset . Victoria . 2023-11-17 . How Osama bin Laden's 'Letter to America' reached millions online . en-US . Washington Post . 2023-11-17 . 0190-8286.
  342. News: Weisman . Jonathan . Igielnik . Ruth . McFadden . Alyce . Poll Finds Wide Disapproval of Biden on Gaza, and Little Room to Shift Gears . The New York Times . 19 December 2023 . 19 December 2023.
  343. Web site: Lanard . Noah . How Joe Biden Became America's Top Israel Hawk . Mother Jones . 1 January 2024.
  344. Web site: 18 December 2023 . Michele Bachmann Calls for Ethnic Cleansing in Gaza: 'They Need To Be Removed From That Land' . 19 December 2023 . . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20231224135124/https://www.mediaite.com/tv/michele-bachmann-calls-for-ethnic-cleansing-in-gaza-they-need-to-be-removed-from-that-land/ . 24 December 2023.
  345. Web site: Media Matters Staff . 18 December 2023 . Michelle Bachmann to Charlie Kirk: "It's time that Gaza ends. The 2 million people who live there, they are clever assassins. They need to be removed from that land." . 19 December 2023 . . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20231219113014/https://www.mediamatters.org/charlie-kirk/michelle-bachmann-charlie-kirk-its-time-gaza-ends-2-million-people-who-live-there-they . 19 December 2023.
  346. Web site: US official resigns, says government 'systematically dehumanizes' Palestinians . Al Jazeera . 5 January 2024.
  347. Web site: 'Biden looks heartless or clueless' . Al Jazeera . 8 January 2024.
  348. Web site: Advocate decries failure of US Senate resolution to probe Israeli abuses . Al Jazeera . 17 January 2024.
  349. Web site: Why does the US act as Israel's lawyer? . Al Jazeera . 19 January 2024.
  350. News: New poll of US voters finds overwhelming support for Israel over Hamas in Gaza war . The Times of Israel . 24 January 2024.
  351. News: Luscombe . Richard . More than one-third of Americans believe Israel is committing genocide, poll shows . The Guardian . 24 January 2024 . 26 January 2024.
  352. News: Sanders . Bernie . The US must act to end the Gaza disaster . The Guardian . 27 January 2024 . 28 January 2024.
  353. Web site: Arizona Democrats pass resolution calling for Gaza ceasefire . Al Jazeera . 30 January 2024.
  354. Web site: Har . Janie . San Francisco supervisors approve resolution calling for a cease-fire in Gaza on 8-3 vote . Associated Press . 9 January 2024 . 31 January 2024.
  355. Web site: Chicago passes resolution calling for a ceasefire in Gaza . Al Jazeera . 31 January 2024.
  356. Otten . Tori . 1 February 2024 . GOP Congressman Says Dead Palestinian Babies Aren't All That Innocent . 3 February 2024 . . 0028-6583 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240201235221/https://newrepublic.com/post/178679/gop-congressman-brian-mast-dead-palestinian-babies-not-innocent . 1 February 2024.
  357. Web site: 50% of US adults say Israel 'gone too far' in war on Gaza: Poll . Al Jazeera . 4 February 2024.
  358. Web site: Joe Biden's Michigan visit highlights rift with Arab American community . Al Jazeera . 4 February 2024.
  359. Web site: Biden's ratings drop, fewer than 3 in 10 approve of his handling of Israel-Hamas war: Poll . Al Jazeera . 7 February 2024.
  360. Web site: Minneapolis city in US passes Gaza ceasefire resolution, overrides veto by mayor . Al Jazeera . 11 February 2024.
  361. Web site: Palestinian US lawmaker unapologetic after calling Netanyahu a 'genocidal maniac' . Al Jazeera . 8 February 2024.
  362. Web site: Biden has failed to hold Israel accountable for attacking Americans: CAIR . Al Jazeera . 13 February 2024.
  363. Web site: Majority of Americans favour permanent ceasefire in Gaza: Survey . Al Jazeera . 13 February 2024.
  364. Web site: 'Tools of empire': African Methodist Episcopal Church urges US to pull support for Israel . Al Jazeera . 18 February 2024.
  365. Web site: US Muslim group says Biden should stop acting like Netanyahu's lawyer . Al Jazeera . 21 February 2024.
  366. Web site: Biden's Gaza position less popular among young Americans than Nixon in Vietnam . Al Jazeera . 29 February 2024.
  367. News: Kavi . Aishvarya . February 25, 2024 . A man set himself on fire outside the Israeli Embassy in Washington, the police said. . February 26, 2024 . . 0362-4331 . February 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240225234815/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/25/world/middleeast/israel-embassy-man-on-fire.html . live.
  368. Guzman . Chad de . February 25, 2024. U.S. Air Force Member Sets Self on Fire Outside Israel's Embassy in D.C. to Protest War in Gaza . February 26, 2024 . . February 26, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226053631/https://time.com/6821425/israel-embassy-air-force-protest-fire-self-immolation-aaron-bushnell-latest-updates/ . live.
  369. News: Davies . Emily . Rempfer . Kyle . Lamothe . Dan . and . February 25, 2024 . Active-duty airman sets himself on fire outside D.C.'s Israeli Embassy . https://archive.today/20240226031644/https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/02/25/dc-israeli-embassy-man-fire/ . February 26, 2024 . February 26, 2024 . . shows him referring to his service in the U.S. armed forces and shouting "Free Palestine" as he burned..
  370. Assi . Seraj . Aaron Bushnell Refused to Be Silent on the Horrors in Gaza . . February 26, 2024 . February 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226214246/https://jacobin.com/2024/02/aaron-bushnell-self-immolation-israel-embassy-gaza . February 26, 2024 . live.
  371. News: Pentagon reaffirms support for Israel after US airman's self-immolation . February 26, 2024 . February 27, 2024 . . February 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240227012503/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/26/israels-war-on-gaza-live-man-made-disaster-as-israel-blocks-food-aid?update=2734608 . live.
  372. Web site: Biden administration frustrated with Netanyahu but 'confrontation' unlikely . Al Jazeera . 1 March 2024.
  373. Web site: Former US ambassador says airdrops are 'humiliation' . Al Jazeera . 3 March 2024.
  374. Web site: Jones . Jeffrey . Americans' Views of Both Israel, Palestinian Authority Down . Gallup . 4 March 2024 . 6 March 2024.
  375. Web site: Americans more likely to increase their support if candidate favours ceasefire: Poll . Al Jazeera . 8 March 2024.
  376. Web site: 72 percent of US Muslim voters 'disapprove' of Biden's stance on Gaza war: Poll . Al Jazeera . 8 March 2024.
  377. Web site: Most Americans say Biden should halt weapons shipments to Israel: Poll . Al Jazeera . 9 March 2024.
  378. Web site: Stepansky . Joseph . 'State of the Union is genocide': Gaza protesters challenge Biden speech . Al Jazeera . 10 March 2024.
  379. Web site: Harb . Ali . 'Moral failure': US House approves bill that would ban UNRWA funding . Al Jazeera . 26 March 2024.
  380. Web site: Lawler . Dave . Ravid . Barak . Trump says Israel must "finish up" Gaza war: "You're losing a lot of the world" . Axios . 29 March 2024.
  381. News: Wintour . Patrick . Jared Kushner says Gaza's 'waterfront property could be very valuable' . The Guardian . 19 March 2024 . 22 March 2024.
  382. News: Congressman rebuked for call to bomb Gaza 'like Nagasaki and Hiroshima' . Ramon Antonio . Vargas . . 31 March 2024 .
  383. News: GOP congressman appears to suggest dropping bombs on Gaza to end conflict quickly, referring to 'Nagasaki and Hiroshima' . Sam . Fossum . . 31 March 2024 .
  384. News: Republican Congressman Says of Gaza: 'It Should Be Like Nagasaki and Hiroshima' . Neil . Vigdor . . 31 March 2024 .
  385. News: NYC mayor says he 'will not succumb' to pressure to back ceasefire . . April 9, 2024.
  386. News: Oladipo . Gloria . PEN America cancels festival after authors drop out in support of Gaza . The Guardian . 26 April 2024.
  387. News: Student protesters are demanding universities divest from Israel. What does that mean? . The Guardian . 25 April 2024.
  388. News: UW encampment protesters want school to cut ties with Israel, Boeing . The Seattle Times . April 29, 2024.
  389. Web site: 'Huge disagreement': Israel ignored US military strategy for its war on Gaza . Al Jazeera . 29 May 2024.
  390. Web site: Bishara . Marwan . 'Surrealistic listening to Blinken's speech at Jordan summit' . Al Jazeera . 20 June 2024.
  391. News: Iran says strikes on US troops are due to its support for Israel, presence in region . Times of Israel . 30 October 2023.
  392. News: Yemen's Houthis warn they will fire missiles, drones if US intervenes in Gaza conflict . Reuters . 10 October 2023.
  393. Web site: Amnesty director says US failed to do the right thing with ceasefire veto . Al Jazeera . 21 February 2024.
  394. Web site: Ratcliffe . Rebecca . US risks 'complicity in war crimes', says Human Rights Watch – as it happened . The Guardian . 9 December 2023.
  395. Web site: Human Rights Watch Says US Giving Israel "Diplomatic Cover" for Gaza Atrocities by Vetoing UN Resolution . . 9 December 2023.
  396. Web site: Gray . Andrew . EU's Borrell suggests US cut military aid to Israel . Reuters . 13 February 2024.
  397. News: Yang . Maya . Biden generally favored abroad aside from Israel-Gaza war handling, poll finds . The Guardian . 11 Jun 2024.

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