2000 United States Senate elections explained

Election Name:2000 United States Senate elections
Country:United States
Type:legislative
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1998 United States Senate elections
Previous Year:1998
Next Election:2002 United States Senate elections
Next Year:2002
Majority Seats:51
Election Date:November 7, 2000
1Blank:Seats up
2Blank:Races won
Image1:Trent Lott official portrait (3x4a).jpg
Leader Since1:June 12, 1996
Party1:Republican Party (United States)
Seats Before1:54
Seats After1:50 + VP
Seat Change1: 4
Popular Vote1:36,725,431
Percentage1:46.96%
1Data1:19
2Data1:15
Leader Since2:January 3, 1995
Party2:Democratic Party (United States)
Seats Before2:46
Seats After2:50
Seat Change2: 4
Popular Vote2:36,780,875
Percentage2:47.04%
1Data2:15
2Data2:19
Map Size:320px
Before Party:Republican Party (United States)
After Party:Republican Party (United States)

The 2000 United States Senate elections were held on November 7, 2000. The elections coincided with other federal and state elections, including the presidential election which was won by Republican George W. Bush. These elections took place 6 years after Republicans had won a net gain of 8 seats in Senate Class 1. Despite George W. Bush's victory in the presidential election, the Republicans lost 4 senate seats, the most a winning president's party has lost since the passage of the 17th Amendment. This election marked the first election year since 1990 where Democrats made net gains in the Senate. Democrats defeated incumbent Republicans in Delaware, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, and Washington, and they won an open seat in Florida. In Missouri, the winner was elected posthumously. The Republicans defeated a Democratic incumbent in Virginia, and won an open seat in Nevada. Additionally, a Republican in Georgia died earlier in the year and a Democrat was appointed to replace him, who then went on to win the special election.

These elections resulted in an equal 50–50 split between Republicans and Democrats, with the Vice President casting the tie-breaking votes in the Senate. This was the second tied Senate, after the results in the 1880 elections. Democrats thereby won control of the Senate briefly for only 17 days, since Al Gore was still Vice President and President of the Senate at the beginning of the new term on January 3, 2001. The Republicans regained control of the chamber when the new Vice President Dick Cheney was inaugurated on January 20. However, the Republican majority would only last until June 6, 2001, when Republican Senator Jim Jeffords of Vermont became an independent and caucused with the Democrats.

Until 2020, this was the last time that Democrats would win a Senate seat in Georgia. This is the last election cycle with only Republicans and Democrats in the Senate, and the last election cycle in which Republicans won seats in Rhode Island and Vermont.

Results summary

5050
DemocraticRepublican
Summary of the 2000 United States Senate election results
PartiesBreakdownTotal seatsPopular voteTotal candidates
UpElectedNot up2000+/-Vote%General
Democratic Party15193150 436,780,87547.039%33
Republican Party19153550 436,725,43146.968%34
Libertarian Party-----1,036,6841.326%22
Green Party-----652,3290.834%8
Independent-----365,6140.468%24
Constitution Party-----286,8160.367%8
Reform Party-----190,5090.244%8
Independence Party-----183,7640.235%2
Socialist Workers Party-----15,9960.020%2
Other parties-----1,461,9751.870%12
Write-in-----324,2950.415%-
Total343466100-78,191,797100.0%153

Source: Web site: Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 2000 . Clerk of the House of Representatives . June 21, 2001 . House.gov. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives .

Change in composition

Before the elections

After the July 27, 2000, appointment in Georgia.

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Majority →
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After the elections

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Majority (with Democratic vice president) ↑<--GOP caucus-->
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Beginning of the first session

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Key:
align=center width=35px DDemocratic
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align=center width=35px RRepublican

Gains and losses

Retirements

One Republican and four Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election. John Chafee of Rhode Island had previously announced his intent to retire at the end of his term, however, he died in office on October 24, 1999.

Defeats

One Democrat and five Republicans sought re-election but lost in the general election.

Post-election changes

One Democratic senator-elect died on October 16, 2000, having been elected posthumously, and was replaced by a Democrat.

Race summary

Special elections during the previous Congress

In this special election, the winner was seated between January 1, 2000, and January 2, 2001.

Elections to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 2001.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State
IncumbentResultsCandidates
SenatorPartyElectoral history
ArizonaRepublican1994Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
CaliforniaDemocratic1992
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
ConnecticutDemocratic1988
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
DelawareRepublican1970
1971
1976
1982
1988
1994
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
nowrap
FloridaRepublican1988
1994
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
nowrap
HawaiiDemocratic1990
1990
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
IndianaRepublican1976
1982
1988
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
MaineRepublican1994Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
MarylandDemocratic1976
1982
1988
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
MassachusettsDemocratic1962
1964
1970
1976
1982
1988
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
MichiganRepublican1994Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
nowrap
MinnesotaRepublican1994Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
DFL gain.
nowrap
MississippiRepublican1988
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
MissouriRepublican1994Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected posthumously.
Democratic gain.
A different senator, Carnahan's widow Jean Carnahan, was appointed to begin the next term.
nowrap
MontanaRepublican1988
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
NebraskaDemocratic1988
1994
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
nowrap
NevadaDemocratic1988
1994
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
nowrap
New JerseyDemocratic1982
1982
1988
1994
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
nowrap
New MexicoDemocratic1982
1988
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
New YorkDemocratic1976
1982
1988
1994
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
nowrap
North DakotaDemocratic-NPL1986
1992
1992
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
OhioRepublican1994Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
PennsylvaniaRepublican1994Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
Rhode IslandRepublican1999 Interim appointee elected.nowrap
TennesseeRepublican1994Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
TexasRepublican1993
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
UtahRepublican1976
1982
1988
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
VermontRepublican1988
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
VirginiaDemocratic1988
1994
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
nowrap
WashingtonRepublican1980
1986
1988
1994
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
nowrap
West VirginiaDemocratic1958
1964
1970
1976
1982
1988
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
WisconsinDemocratic1988
1994
Incumbent re-elected.nowrap
WyomingRepublican1994Incumbent re-elected.nowrap

Closest races

In ten races the margin of victory was under 10%

DistrictWinnerMargin
Washingtondata-sort-value=-1 Democratic (flip)0.09%
Michigandata-sort-value=-1 Democratic (flip)1.6%
Missouridata-sort-value=0.5 Democratic (flip)2.1%
Nebraskadata-sort-value=0.5 Democratic 2.3%
New Jerseydata-sort-value=0.5 Democratic3.0%
data-sort-value=0.5 Republican3.4%
Virginiadata-sort-value=0.5 Republican (flip)4.6%
Floridadata-sort-value=0.5 Democratic (flip)4.8%
Minnesotadata-sort-value=0.5 Democratic (flip)5.5%
Pennsylvaniadata-sort-value=0.5 Republican6.9%

Arizona

Election Name:Arizona election
Country:Arizona
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Arizona
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Arizona
Next Year:2006
Image1:Jon Kyl, official 109th Congress photo.jpg
Nominee1:Jon Kyl
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:1,101,196
Percentage1:79.3%
Nominee2:William Toel
Party2:Independent
Popular Vote2:109,230
Percentage2:7.8%
Image4:Blank2x3.svg
Nominee4:Vance Hansen
Party4:Green Party (US)
Popular Vote4:108,926
Percentage4:7.8%
Image5:Barry Hess by Gage Skidmore.jpg
Nominee5:Barry Hess
Party5:Libertarian Party (US)
Popular Vote5:70,724
Percentage5:5.1%
Map Size:200px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Arizona.

See also: List of United States senators from Arizona. Incumbent Republican Jon Kyl won re-election to a second term, as no candidate was nominated from the Democratic Party.[1] Independent Bill Toel,[2] Green party nominee Vance Hansen, and Libertarian party nominee Barry Hess each got more than 5% of the vote, a strong third party performance.

California

Election Name:California election
Country:California
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in California
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in California
Next Year:2006
Image1:DianneFeinstein.jpg
Nominee1:Dianne Feinstein
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:5,932,522
Percentage1:55.84%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:3,886,853
Percentage2:36.59%
Map Size:250px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in California.

See also: List of United States senators from California. The heavily financed and popular senator Dianne Feinstein (D) easily won re-election to her second full term defeating the underfunded and underdog candidate Representative Tom Campbell (R) by over 19 points. Campbell even lost his own congressional district by almost 15 points.

Primary election results

Despite touting his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district, Campbell was underfunded and a decided underdog against the popular, heavily financed Feinstein. By February, he spent barely $1 million without any PAC money.[3] Campbell has generally supported gay rights and abortion. He also opposes the War on Drugs and calls himself a "maverick", similar to U.S. senator John McCain.[4] Campbell was badly defeated, losing by over 19 points.

Connecticut

Election Name:Connecticut election
Country:Connecticut
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Connecticut
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut
Next Year:2006
Image1:Joe Lieberman official portrait 2 (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Joe Lieberman
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:828,902
Percentage1:63.2%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:448,077
Percentage2:34.2%
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Connecticut.

See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut. Incumbent Democrat Joe Lieberman won re-election to a third term over Republican Philip Giordano, Mayor of Waterbury and former State Representative. While running for re-election, he was also Al Gore's running mate in the 2000 presidential campaign. With Gore losing the presidency to George W. Bush, Lieberman returned to the Senate and remained there for another 13 years, when he retired. Had the Gore–Lieberman ticket won, Lieberman would have become U.S. Vice President and forced to resign his Senate seat, which would have led to a 2002 special election. It would also have led Republican Governor John G. Rowland to temporarily appoint an interim replacement.[5]

Lieberman, a very popular[6] centrist[7] incumbent, focused on his vice presidential campaign. He refused to show up at the debates.[8] Giordano was a heavy underdog, as he was ignored by the press and as he debated alone.[9]

Delaware

Election Name:Delaware election
Country:Delaware
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Delaware
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Delaware
Next Year:2006
Image1:Thomas Carper.jpg
Nominee1:Tom Carper
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:181,566
Percentage1:55.5%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:142,891
Percentage2:43.7%
Map Size:200px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Delaware.

See also: List of United States senators from Delaware. Incumbent Republican William Roth ran for re-election to a sixth term, but was defeated by Governor Tom Carper.

For 16 years the same four people had held the four major statewide positions. Because of term limits on the Governor's position Thomas Carper could not run again. Both he and U.S. Representative Michael Castle wanted to be U.S. senator. Roth would not retire, and fellow Republican Castle decided against a primary.

Roth, 79, was in the U.S. Senate for 30 years. He was the Chairman of the Finance Committee. Carper, 53, was a popular Governor and former U.S. Congressman of Delaware's At-large congressional district, who announced his major candidacy against Roth back in September 1999.[10] Both candidates were moderates. Roth was one of the few Republicans to vote for the Brady Bill. Although Roth started the campaign with a 2-to-1 spending advantage, Carper went into the final month with more than $1 million on hand.[11] In a contest between two popular and respected politicians, the issue seemed to be Roth's age versus Carper's relative youth.

Carper defeated Roth by over ten points. However, Roth received more votes than Presidential candidate George W. Bush, suggesting the strength of the Democratic turnout was a boon to Carper's candidacy and a key element of his victory. Many consider Roth's defeat due to his age and health, as he collapsed twice during the campaign, once in the middle of a television interview and once during a campaign event.[12] [13] [14]

Florida

Election Name:2000 United States Senate election in Florida
Country:Florida
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Florida
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Florida
Next Year:2006
Election Date:November 7, 2000
Image1:Bill Nelson.jpg
Nominee1:Bill Nelson
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:2,989,487
Percentage1:51.04%
Nominee2:Bill McCollum
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:2,705,348
Percentage2:46.19%
Map Size:300px
U.S. Senator
Before Election:Connie Mack III
Before Party:Republican Party (United States)
After Election:Bill Nelson
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Florida.

See also: List of United States senators from Florida. Incumbent Republican Connie Mack III decided to retire instead of seeking a third term. Democrat Bill Nelson, State Treasurer and former U.S. Representative, won the open seat over Republican Congressman Bill McCollum.

This election was in conjunction to the presidential election, where Bush narrowly defeated Gore after an intense recount. The senate election was evenly matched with two U.S. Congressmen named Bill in their mid-50s. Both parties heavily targeted this senate seat.[15] The election became very nasty as Nelson called his opponent "an extremist who would sacrifice the elderly, the poor, and the working class to coddle the rich." McCollum called the Democrat "a liberal who would tax everything that moves, and some things that don't." The election advertisements were very negative, as both candidates talked more about each other than themselves.[16]

Nelson raised only soft money,[17] but had help from President Bill Clinton and VP Al Gore.[18] Two days before the election, McCollum predicted he would win by a 6-point margin.[19] On election day, he lost by a 5-point margin.

Georgia (special)

Election Name:Georgia special election
Country:Georgia (U.S. state)
Flag Year:1956
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1998 United States Senate election in Georgia
Previous Year:1998
Next Election:2004 United States Senate election in Georgia
Next Year:2004
Image1:Zell B Miller.jpg
Nominee1:Zell Miller
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:1,413,224
Percentage1:58.1%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:920,478
Percentage2:37.9%
Map Size:200px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate special election in Georgia.

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia. Incumbent Democrat Zell Miller, who was appointed by Democrat Governor Roy Barnes to replace the late Republican Paul Coverdell, won re-election to serve the remainder of the term, beating Republican Mack Mattingly, former Ambassador to Seychelles and former U.S. senator. Until 2020, when Raphael Warnock won this seat, and Jon Ossoff won the other Senate seat, this was the last Senate election in Georgia won by a Democrat and also until 2020, this was the last time the Democrats have won the Class III Senate seat from Georgia.

One of the biggest campaign issues was Social Security. Miller attacked Mattingly for supporting a raise in the retirement age.[20] The Republican fought back by connecting him to liberal Democrat Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts, and on his vote to block legislation aimed at protecting Social Security. Mattingly said he would vote for Texas Governor George W. Bush for president, who was very popular in the state and led Vice President Al Gore in many Georgia polls. Mattingly then asked Miller who he was supporting in the presidential election. Miller conceded he would vote for Gore because he helped him when he was governor including drought relief, welfare reform, and the Atlanta Olympics. "That does not mean I agree with all of his policies," he concluded.[21] In early October, a poll showed Miller leading with 59% of the vote, despite the fact that Bush was leading Gore by a double-digit margin.[22]

Note: This election was a non-partisan election due to it being a special election. Each candidate ran without a party. The parties below reflect which party label each candidate would have run under if given the option.

Hawaii

Election Name:Hawaii election
Country:Hawaii
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Hawaii
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Hawaii
Next Year:2006
Image1:Daniel Akaka official photo.jpg
Nominee1:Daniel Akaka
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:251,215
Percentage1:72.7%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:84,701
Percentage2:24.5%
Map Size:250px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Hawaii.

See also: List of United States senators from Hawaii. Incumbent Democrat Daniel Akaka won re-election to his second full term, over Republican John Carroll, former State senator and former State Representative.[23]

Indiana

Election Name:Indiana election
Country:Indiana
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Indiana
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Indiana
Next Year:2006
Image1:Dick Lugar official photo.jpg
Nominee1:Richard Lugar
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:1,427,944
Percentage1:66.5%
Nominee2:David L. Johnson
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:683,273
Percentage2:31.9%
Map Size:250px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Indiana.

See also: List of United States senators from Indiana. Incumbent Republican Richard Lugar was re-elected to his fifth six-year term over Democrat David Johnson.

Lugar easily won re-election taking 66.5% one of the largest margins in a statewide race in Indiana history. Johnson only took one county, Lake County, a Democratic stronghold which borders Chicago.

Maine

Election Name:Maine election
Country:Maine
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Maine
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Maine
Next Year:2006
Image1:Olympia Snowe, official photo 2.JPG
Nominee1:Olympia Snowe
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:437,689
Percentage1:68.94%
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:197,183
Percentage2:31.06%
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Maine.

See also: List of United States senators from Maine. Incumbent Republican Olympia Snowe was re-elected to a second term, defeating Democratic candidate Mark Lawrence, former President of the Maine State Senate.

Snowe, a popular moderate incumbent, outpolled and outspent Lawrence.[24] The two candidates agreed to debate on October 15 and 25.[25]

Maryland

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Maryland.

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland.

Election Name:Maryland election
Country:Maryland
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Maryland
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Maryland
Next Year:2006
Image1:Paul Sarbanes, official color photo.jpg
Nominee1:Paul Sarbanes
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:1,230,013
Percentage1:63.2%
Nominee2:Paul Rappaport
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:715,178
Percentage2:36.7%
Map Size:275px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

Incumbent Democrat Paul Sarbanes won re-election to a fifth term over Republican Paul Rappaport, former Howard County police chief and nominee for Lieutenant Governor in 1994.[26] [27]

Rappaport won the Republican primary against S. Rob Sobhani, Ross Zimmerman Pierpont, Robin Ficker, Kenneth R. Timmerman, Kenneth Wayman and John Stafford[28] through a grassroots movement with a plurality of just 23%.[29] Rappaport, a major underdog, pushed for three debates. The four term incumbent actually agreed to one debate on October 26.[30]

Massachusetts

Election Name:Massachusetts election
Country:Massachusetts
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
Next Year:2006
Image1:Ted Kennedy, official photo portrait crop.jpg
Nominee1:Ted Kennedy
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:1,889,494
Percentage1:72.7%
Nominee2:Jack E. Robinson III
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:334,341
Percentage2:12.9%
Image3:Blank2x3.svg
Party3:Libertarian Party (US)
Popular Vote3:308 860
Percentage3:11.9%
Map Size:250px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Massachusetts.

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts. Incumbent Democrat Ted Kennedy won re-election to his eighth (his seventh full) term. The election was notable for a strong third-party performance from Libertarian Carla Howell, who finished less than a percent behind Republican Jack E. Robinson.

Michigan

Election Name:Michigan election
Country:Michigan
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Michigan
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Michigan
Next Year:2006
Image1:Debbie Stabenow.jpg
Nominee1:Debbie Stabenow
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:2,061,952
Percentage1:49.5%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:1,994,693
Percentage2:47.9%
Map Size:250px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Michigan.

See also: List of United States senators from Michigan. Incumbent Republican Spencer Abraham ran for re-election to a second term, but was defeated by Democrat Debbie Stabenow.

Abraham, who was first elected in the 1994 Republican Revolution despite never running for public office before, was considered vulnerable by the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee. Major issues in the campaign included prescription drugs for the elderly.[31] By September 4, Abraham still had failed to reach 50% in polls despite having spent over $6 million on television ads.[32] In mid-October, he came back and reached 50% and 49% in two polls respectively.[33]

The election was very close with Stabenow prevailing by just over 67,000 votes. Stabenow was also likely helped by the fact that Al Gore won Michigan on the presidential level. Ultimately, Stabenow pulled out huge numbers of the Democratic stronghold of Wayne County, which covers the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Stabenow also performed well in other heavily populated areas such as Ingham County home to the state's capital of Lansing, and the college town of Ann Arbor. Abraham did not concede right after major news networks declared Stabenow the winner; He held out hope that the few outstanding precincts could push him over the edge. At 4:00 am, Abraham conceded defeat. Senator Abraham called Stabenow and congratulated her on her victory. A historic election, Stabenow became the first woman to represent Michigan in the United States Senate.

Minnesota

Election Name:Minnesota election
Country:Minnesota
Flag Image:File:Flag of Minnesota (1983-2024).svg
Flag Year:1983
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Minnesota
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Minnesota
Next Year:2006
Image1:Mark Dayton official photo.jpg
Nominee1:Mark Dayton
Party1:Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
Popular Vote1:1,181,553
Percentage1:48.8%
Party2:Republican Party (Minnesota)
Popular Vote2:1,047,474
Percentage2:43.3%
Nominee4:James Gibson
Party4:Independence Party (Minnesota)
Popular Vote4:140,583
Percentage4:5.81%
Map Size:225px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (Minnesota)
After Party:Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Minnesota.

See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota. The race pitted incumbent Republican senator Rod Grams against former Minnesota State Auditor Mark Dayton.

Mississippi

Election Name:Mississippi election
Country:Mississippi
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Mississippi
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Mississippi
Next Year:2006
Flag Year:1996
Image1:Trent Lott official portrait (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Trent Lott
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:654,941
Percentage1:65.9%
Nominee2:Troy D. Brown
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:314,090
Percentage2:31.6%
Map Size:225px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Mississippi.

See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi. Incumbent Republican Trent Lott won re-election to a third term over perennial Democratic candidate Troy Brown.

Missouri

Election Name:Missouri election
Country:Missouri
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Missouri
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2002 United States Senate special election in Missouri
Next Year:2002 (special)
Image1:CarnahanMel.jpg
Nominee1:Mel Carnahan
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:1,191,812
Percentage1:50.5%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:1,142,852
Percentage2:48.4%
Map Size:255px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Election:Mel Carnahan
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Missouri.

See also: List of United States senators from Missouri. Incumbent Republican John Ashcroft lost the election to Governor Mel Carnahan, despite Carnahan's death three weeks before election day.

In 1998, Ashcroft briefly considered running for president. On January 5, 1999, he announced that he would not seek the presidency and would instead defend his Senate seat in the 2000 election.[34] Missouri Governor Mel Carnahan announced he would contest the Senate election as a Democrat.

In the general election for the state's seat in the U.S. Senate, Ashcroft was facing then-Governor Mel Carnahan in a "tight" race, despite the senator having a larger budget than Carnahan, a war chest that included significant contributions from corporations such as Monsanto Company,[35] headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri, which gave five times more to Ashcroft's campaign fund than to the fund of any other congressional hopeful at the time.[36]

Carnahan was killed in a plane crash three weeks before the November election date. Nonetheless, Carnahan's name remained on the ballot due to Missouri's election laws. Lieutenant Governor Roger B. Wilson became Governor upon Carnahan's death, to serve the remaining term of Carnahan's governorship. Ashcroft suspended all campaigning on the day of the plane crash in light of the tragedy and resumed it eight days before the election date.[37]

The voters of Missouri, by a margin of approximately fifty thousand votes, chose for the U.S. Senate Mel Carnahan, their Governor who had died two weeks before the election. No one had ever posthumously won election to the Senate, though voters on at least three other occasions had until then chosen deceased candidates for the House of Representatives: Clement Woodnutt Miller (D) in California in 1962; Nick Begich (D) in Alaska, 1972; and Hale Boggs (D) in Louisiana, 1972. Hence, John Ashcroft became the first U.S. Senate candidate to be defeated by a dead opponent.[38]

Governor Roger B. Wilson appointed Carnahan's 66-year-old widow, Jean Carnahan, to fill her husband's vacant seat until the next cycle of Senate elections when a successor could be elected to serve out the remaining four years of the deceased Carnahan's would-be term.[39] Ashcroft stated that he hoped the appointment would be "a matter of comfort for Mrs. Carnahan."

Montana

Election Name:Montana election
Country:Montana
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Montana
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Montana
Next Year:2006
Image1:Conrad Burns official portrait.jpg
Nominee1:Conrad Burns
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:208,082
Percentage1:50.6%
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:194,430
Percentage2:47.2%
Map Size:300px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Montana.

See also: List of United States senators from Montana. Incumbent Republican Conrad Burns won re-election to a third term.

Though Sam Rankin won the Reform Party's nomination for the United States Senate, he dropped out of the race over the summer and was replaced by Gary Lee.[40]

Conrad, in a poll released September 21, was leading Schweitzer 48% to 39% that went down from 49% in November 1999. Schweitzer had his polls go up by 11 points.

Burns faced a surprisingly difficult re-election campaign in 2000. In February 1999, he announced that he would break his 1988 promise to only hold office for two terms, claiming "Circumstances have changed, and I have rethought my position."[41] Later that same month, while giving a speech about U.S. dependence on foreign oil to the Montana Equipment Dealers Association, he referred to Arabs as "ragheads". Burns soon apologized, saying he "became too emotionally involved" during the speech.[42]

Burns faced Brian Schweitzer, a rancher from Whitefish, Montana. While Burns attempted to link Schweitzer with presidential candidate Al Gore, whom Schweitzer never met, Schweitzer "effectively portrayed himself as nonpolitical".[43] Schweitzer primarily challenged Burns on the issue of prescription drugs, organizing busloads of senior citizens to take trips to Canada and Mexico for cheaper medicine.[44] Burns charged that Schweitzer favored "Canadian-style government controls"[43] and claimed that senior citizens went to doctors to have "somebody to visit with. There's nothing wrong with them."[44] Burns also faced trouble regarding deaths from asbestos in Libby, Montana. While he initially supported a bill to limit compensation in such cases, he withdrew his support for the bill, under public criticism, and added $11.5 million for the town to an appropriations bill.[43] [45]

Burns spent twice as much money as Schweitzer on the election[43] and only defeated him by a slim margin, 51-47 percent, while the state voted 58-33 percent for Republican presidential nominee George W. Bush. Schweitzer went on to become governor in 2004.

Nebraska

Election Name:Nebraska election
Country:Nebraska
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Nebraska
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Nebraska
Next Year:2006
Image1:Ben Nelson official photo.jpg
Nominee1:Ben Nelson
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:353,093
Percentage1:51.0%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:337,977
Percentage2:48.8%
Map Size:250px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Nebraska.

See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska. Incumbent Democrat Bob Kerrey decided to retire. Democrat Ben Nelson won the open seat, beating Don Stenberg, the Republican Attorney General of Nebraska.

Nevada

Election Name:Nevada election
Country:Nevada
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Nevada
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Nevada
Next Year:2006
Image1:John Ensign official portrait.jpg
Nominee1:John Ensign
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:330,687
Percentage1:55.1%
Nominee2:Ed Bernstein
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:238,260
Percentage2:39.7%
Map Size:200px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Nevada.

See also: List of United States senators from Nevada. Incumbent Democrat Richard Bryan decided to retire, instead of seeking a third term. Republican nominee John Ensign won the open seat over Democratic attorney Ed Bernstein.

New Jersey

Election Name:New Jersey election
Country:New Jersey
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in New Jersey
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in New Jersey
Next Year:2006
Image1:SenatorJonCorzine (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Jon Corzine
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:1,511,237
Percentage1:50.1%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:1,420,267
Percentage2:47.1%
Map Size:250px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in New Jersey.

See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey. Incumbent Democrat Frank Lautenberg decided to retire, rather than seeking a fourth term. The Democratic nominee, former CEO of Goldman Sachs Jon Corzine, defeated the Republican nominee, U.S. Representative Bob Franks, in a close election.

Senator Lautenberg, first elected to the Senate in 1982 in an upset victory over Rep. Millicent Fenwick (R-Bergen), had always been an underdog in all three bids for Senate. He beat Pete Dawkins in 1988 by a 54%-46% margin and held back a challenge from Chuck Haytaian by a smaller margin of 50%-47%. However, popular Governor Christine Todd Whitman was expected to challenge Lautenberg, and opinion polls showed Lautenberg losing by a large margin. He retired but later regretted his decision because Gov. Whitman and Former Governor Tom Kean both declined to run for the Senate. Lautenberg would be elected to the state's other Senate Seat in 2002.

Corzine spent $35 million of his own money into the Democratic primary election alone[46] [47] when running against Jim Florio, who served as the 49th Governor of New Jersey from 1990 to 1994. Governor Florio was unpopular during his tenure in office. Most notably, he signed a $2.8 Billion tax increase in 1990. It caused his party to lose control of the state government for a decade, and cost the Governor his re-election bid in 1993.

Corzine, running as an outsider, was endorsed by State senator Raymond Zane (D-Gloucester), State senator Wayne Bryant (D-Camden), State senator John Adler (D-Camden), U.S. Representative Bob Menendez (D-Hudson) and U.S. senator Bob Torricelli (D-NJ). Florio was endorsed by the State Party, Assemblyman Joe Doria (D-Hudson) and senator John Lynch (D-Middlesex).

Corzine defeated Florio in the primary and then defeated Bob Franks in the general election.

Franks, a moderate Republican,[48] attacked Corzine for "trying to buy the election and of advocating big-government spending programs that the nation can ill afford." Corzine accused Franks of wanting to dismantle the Social Security system because he supported Governor George W. Bush's partial privatization plan.[49]

During the campaign, Corzine refused to release his income tax return records. He claimed an interest in doing so, but he cited a confidentiality agreement with Goldman Sachs. Skeptics argued that he should have followed the example of his predecessor Robert Rubin, who converted his equity stake into debt upon leaving Goldman.[50]

Corzine campaigned for state government programs including universal health care, universal gun registration, mandatory public preschool, and more taxpayer funding for college education.[51] [52] He pushed affirmative action and same-sex marriage.[53] David Brooks considered Corzine so liberal that although his predecessor was also a Democrat, his election helped shift the Senate to the left.[54]

During Corzine's campaign for the United States Senate, he made some controversial off-color statements. When introduced to a man with an Italian name who said he was in the construction business, Corzine quipped: "Oh, you make cement shoes!" according to Emanuel Alfano, chairman of the Italian-American One Voice Committee. Alfano also reported that when introduced to a lawyer named David Stein, Corzine said: "He's not Italian, is he? Oh, I guess he's your Jewish lawyer who is here to get the rest of you out of jail."[55] Corzine denied mentioning religion, but did not deny the quip about Italians, claiming that some of his own ancestors were probably Italian,[56] or maybe French.[57]

Also in 2000, Corzine denied having paid off African-American ministers, when in fact the foundation controlled by him and his wife had paid one influential black church $25,000.[58] Rev. Reginald T. Jackson, director of the Black Ministers Council, had campaigned against a form of racial profiling whereby police officers stop minority drivers and had gotten New Jersey state police superintendent, Carl A. Williams, fired. Corzine had donated to Jackson prior to getting what appears to be a reciprocal endorsement.[59]

Franks generally trailed Corzine in the polls until the very last week, when he pulled even in a few polls. Corzine spent $63 million, while Franks spent only $6 million.[60] Despite being heavily outspent, Franks lost by only three percentage points, doing better that year than Republican Governor George W. Bush in the presidential election, who obtained just 40% of the vote in the state.[61]

New Mexico

Election Name:New Mexico election
Country:New Mexico
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in New Mexico
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in New Mexico
Next Year:2006
Image1:Jeff Bingaman.jpg
Nominee1:Jeff Bingaman
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:363,744
Percentage1:62.7%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:225,517
Percentage2:37.3%
Map Size:200px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in New Mexico.

See also: List of United States senators from New Mexico. Incumbent Democrat Jeff Bingaman won re-election to a fourth term, beating Republican former Congressman Bill Redmond.[62]

New York

Election Name:New York election
Country:New York
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in New York
Previous Year:1994
Election Date:November 7, 2000
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in New York
Next Year:2006
Image1:Hillary Clinton 1999.jpg
Nominee1:Hillary Clinton
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:3,747,310
Percentage1:55.3%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:2,915,730
Percentage2:43.0%
Map Size:300px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in New York.

See also: List of United States senators from New York. Hillary Rodham Clinton, then First Lady of the United States and the first First Lady to run for political office, defeated Congressman Rick Lazio. The general election coincided with the U.S. presidential election.

The race began in November 1998 when four-term incumbent Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D) announced his retirement. Both the Democratic Party and Republican Party sought high-profile candidates to compete for the open seat. By early 1999 Clinton and Mayor of New York City Rudolph Giuliani were the likely respective nominees. Clinton and her husband, President Bill Clinton, purchased a house in Chappaqua, New York, in September 1999; she thereby became eligible for the election, although she faced characterizations of carpetbagging since she had never resided in the state before. The lead in statewide polls swung from Clinton to Giuliani and back to Clinton as the campaigns featured both successful strategies and mistakes as well as dealing with current events. In late April and May 2000, Giuliani's medical, romantic, marital, and political lives all collided in a tumultuous four-week period, culminating in his withdrawing from the race on May 19.

The Republicans chose lesser-known Congressman Rick Lazio to replace him. The election included a record $90 million in campaign expenditures between Clinton, Lazio, and Giuliani and national visibility. Clinton showed strength in normally Republican upstate areas and a debate blunder by Lazio solidified Clinton's previously shaky support among women.

The contest drew considerable national attention and both candidates were well-funded. By the end of the race, Democrat Clinton and Republicans Lazio and Giuliani had spent a combined $90 million,[63] the most of any U.S. Senate race in history.[63] [64] Lazio outspent Clinton $40 million to $29 million,[63] with Clinton also getting several million dollars in soft money from Democratic organizations.[63] Among Clinton antagonists circles, direct mail-based fundraising groups such as the Emergency Committee to Stop Hillary Rodham Clinton sprung up,[65] sending out solicitations regarding the "carpetbagging" issue: just as one Clinton leaves office, another one runs.

Clinton secured a broad base of support, including endorsements from conservation groups[66] and organized labor,[67] but notably not the New York City police union which endorsed Lazio while firefighters supported Hillary.[68] [69] While Clinton had a solid base of support in New York City, candidates and observers expected the race to be decided in upstate New York where 45 percent of the state's voters live. During the campaign, Clinton vowed to improve the economic picture in upstate New York, promising that her plan would deliver 200,000 New York jobs over six years. Her plan included specific tax credits with the purpose of rewarding job creation and encouraging business investment, especially in the high-tech sector. She called for targeted personal tax cuts for college tuition and long-term care.[70] Lazio faced a unique tactical problem campaigning upstate. The major issue there was the persistently weak local economy, which Lazio hoped to link to his opponent's husband's tenure in office. Attacks on the state of the upstate economy were frequently interpreted as criticism of incumbent Republican governor George Pataki, however, limiting the effect of this line of attack.

Opponents continued to make the carpetbagging issue a focal point throughout the race and during debates.[71] Talk radio hammered on this, with New York-based Sean Hannity issuing a daily mantra, "Name me three things Hillary Clinton has ever done for the people of New York!" Clinton's supporters pointed out that the state was receptive to national leaders, such as Robert F. Kennedy who was elected to the Senate in 1964 despite similar accusations. In the end, according to exit polls conducted in the race, a majority of the voters dismissed the carpetbagging issue as unimportant.[72]

During the campaign, Independent Counsel Robert Ray filed his final reports regarding the long-running Whitewater,[73] "Travelgate",[74] and "Filegate"[75] investigations of the White House, each of which included specific investigations of Hillary Clinton actions. The reports exonerated her on the files matter,[75] said there was insufficient evidence regarding her role in Whitewater,[73] and said that she had made factually false statements regarding the Travel Office firings but there was insufficient evidence to prosecute her.[74] Although The New York Times editorialized that the release of the reports seemed possibly timed to coincide with the Senate election,[76] in practice the findings were not seen as likely to sway many voters' opinions.[77]

A September 13, 2000, debate between Lazio and Clinton proved important. Lazio was on the warpath against soft money and the amounts of it coming from the Democratic National Committee into Clinton's campaign, and challenged Clinton to agree to ban soft money from both campaigns. He left his podium and waved his proposed paper agreement in Clinton's face;[78] many debate viewers thought he had invaded her personal space[79] and as a result Clinton's support among women voters solidified.[78]

Late in the campaign Lazio criticised Clinton for accepting campaign donations from various Arab groups in the wake of the attack. This issue caused former New York Mayor Ed Koch to take out ads telling Lazio to "stop with the sleaze already,"[78] and did not change the dynamic of the race.

Per New York State law, Clinton and Lazio totals include their minor party line votes: Liberal Party of New York and Working Families Party for Clinton, Conservative Party for Lazio.

Clinton won the election on November 7 with 55 percent of the vote to Lazio's 43 percent,[80] a difference larger than most observers had expected.[81] Clinton won the traditionally Democratic base of New York City by large margins, and carried suburban Westchester County, but lost heavily populated Long Island, part of which Lazio represented in Congress. She won surprising victories in Upstate counties, such as Cayuga, Rensselaer, and Niagara, to which her win has been attributed.

In comparison with other results, this 12 percentage point margin was smaller than Gore's 25 point margin over Bush in the state Presidential contest, was slightly larger than the 10 point margin by which fellow New York senator Charles Schumer defeated incumbent Republican Al D'Amato in the hotly contested 1998 race, but was considerably smaller than the 47 point margin by which senator Schumer won re-election in 2004 against little-known Republican challenger Howard Mills.[82] [83] The victory of a Democrat in the Senate election was not assured, because in recent decades the Republicans had won about half the elections for governor and senator.

Lazio's bid was handicapped by the weak performance of George W. Bush in New York in the 2000 election,[84] but it was also clear Hillary Clinton had made substantial inroads in upstate New York prior to Lazio's entry into the race.[84] Exit polls also showed a large gender gap with Clinton running stronger than expected among moderate women and unaffiliated women.[85]

North Dakota

Election Name:North Dakota election
Country:North Dakota
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in North Dakota
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in North Dakota
Next Year:2006
Image1:Kent Conrad official portrait.jpg
Nominee1:Kent Conrad
Party1:North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party
Popular Vote1:176,470
Percentage1:61.4%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:111,069
Percentage2:38.6%
Map Size:250px
U.S. senator
Before Party:North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party
After Party:North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in North Dakota.

See also: List of United States senators from North Dakota. Incumbent Dem-NPL U.S. senator Kent Conrad won re-election to a third term, over Republican Naval Reserve officer Duane Sand.[86]

Ohio

Election Name:Ohio election
Country:Ohio
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Ohio
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Ohio
Next Year:2006
Turnout:63.6% (Registered Voters)
Image1:Mike DeWine official photo.jpg
Nominee1:Mike DeWine
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:2,665,512
Percentage1:59.9%
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:1,595,066
Percentage2:35.9%
Map Size:200px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Ohio.

See also: List of United States senators from Ohio. Incumbent Republican Mike DeWine won re-election to a second term, beating Democrat Ted Celeste, real estate developer and brother of former Ohio Governor Dick Celeste.

Pennsylvania

Election Name:Pennsylvania election
Country:Pennsylvania
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
Next Year:2006
Image1:Rick Santorum official photo.jpg
Nominee1:Rick Santorum
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:2,481,962
Percentage1:52.4%
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:2,154,908
Percentage2:45.5%
Map Size:250px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania.

See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania.

Incumbent Republican Rick Santorum won re-election to a second term over Democratic Congressman Ron Klink.[87]

Santorum had gained a reputation as a polarizing figure during his first term in the Senate, but he entered the race with a large fundraising advantage and high levels of support from the political right. The contest began for Democrats with a brutal primary challenge; U.S. Congressman Klink narrowly bested State senator Allyson Schwartz and former Lieutenant Governor nominee Tom Foley by running on the message that he was the only candidate capable of defeating the Republican. Klink was viewed as a viable choice because he was a traditional Democrat on most issues and had strong union ties but also was pro-life, which Democrats hoped would return votes to their party in the heavily Catholic but economically liberal coal regions of the state. However, enthusiasm around Klink's campaign quickly waned. Liberal Democrats, particularly in the Philadelphia area, balked at donating to a socially conservative candidate who was almost unknown in their area. He was also badly outspent, leaving him unable to expand his presence in the state; he didn't run a single ad on Philadelphia television. Santorum, in contrast, successfully balanced his national recognition on social issues with local concerns en route to a surprisingly large victory.[88]

Rhode Island

Election Name:Rhode Island election
Country:Rhode Island
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Rhode Island
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Rhode Island
Next Year:2006
Image1:Lincoln Chafee official portrait.jpg
Nominee1:Lincoln Chafee
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:222,588
Percentage1:56.88%
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:161,023
Percentage2:41.15%
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Rhode Island.

See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island. Incumbent Republican Lincoln Chafee was elected his first full term after being appointed in 1999 to fill the seat of his father, the previous Senator, John Chafee who died on October 24, 1999, a few months after the elder Chafee announced his retirement instead of seeking a fifth term. As of 2022, this is the last Senate election in Rhode Island won by a Republican.

Tennessee

Election Name:Tennessee election
Country:Tennessee
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Tennessee
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Tennessee
Next Year:2006
Image1:Bill Frist official photo (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Bill Frist
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:1,255,444
Percentage1:65.1%
Nominee2:Jeff Clark
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:621,152
Percentage2:32.2%
Map Size:300px
U.S. senator
Before Election:Bill Frist
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Election:Bill Frist
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Tennessee.

See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee. Incumbent Republican Bill Frist won re-election to a second term.

The Democratic primary was held August 3, 2000. In a field of five candidates, Jeff Clark, a professor at Middle Tennessee State University, edged out John Jay Hooker to win the nomination.[89] [90]

Texas

Election Name:Texas election
Country:Texas
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Texas
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Texas
Next Year:2006
Image1:Kay Bailey Hutchison, official photo 2.jpg
Nominee1:Kay Bailey Hutchison
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:4,078,954
Percentage1:65.0%
Nominee2:Gene Kelly
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:2,025,024
Percentage2:32.4%
Map Size:300px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Texas.

See also: List of United States senators from Texas. Incumbent Republican Kay Bailey Hutchison won re-election to a second term, beating Democrat Gene Kelly, a retired attorney.[91]

Utah

Election Name:Utah election
Country:Utah
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Utah
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Utah
Next Year:2006
Flag Year:1913
Image1:Orrin Hatch official photo.jpg
Nominee1:Orrin Hatch
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:504,803
Percentage1:65.6%
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:242,569
Percentage2:31.5%
Map Size:200px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Utah.

See also: List of United States senators from Utah. Incumbent Republican Orrin Hatch won re-election to a fifth term, beating Democratic State senator Scott N. Howell.

Vermont

Election Name:Vermont election
Country:Vermont
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Vermont
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Vermont
Next Year:2006
Image1:Jim Jeffords (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Jim Jeffords
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:189,133
Percentage1:65.6%
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:73,352
Percentage2:25.4%
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Independent

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Vermont.

See also: List of United States senators from Vermont. Incumbent Republican Jim Jeffords won re-election to a third term in office, over Ed Flanagan, Vermont Auditor of Accounts. Jeffords switched from being a Republican to an independent, who would later caucus with the Democratic Party following the 2000 election in May 2001, thus breaking the 50-50 lock. As of 2022, this is the last Senate election in Vermont won by a Republican.

Virginia

Election Name:Virginia election
Country:Virginia
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Virginia
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Virginia
Next Year:2006
Turnout:54.0% (voting eligible)[92]
Image1:George Allen.jpg
Nominee1:George Allen
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:1,420,460
Percentage1:52.26%
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:1,296,093
Percentage2:47.68%
Map Size:300px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Virginia.

See also: List of United States senators from Virginia. Incumbent Democrat Chuck Robb ran for a third term, but lost to Republican George Allen.[93] [94]

Washington

Election Name:Washington election
Country:Washington
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Turnout:75.46%
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Washington
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Washington
Next Year:2006
Image1:Maria Cantwell, official portrait, 110th Congress (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Maria Cantwell
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:1,199,437
Percentage1:48.7%
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:1,197,208
Percentage2:48.6%
Map Size:250px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Washington.

See also: List of United States senators from Washington. Incumbent Republican Slade Gorton ran for a third consecutive term (fourth overall), but was unseated for a second time (the first being 1986) by Democratic candidate, former Congresswoman Maria Cantwell.

Since Maria Cantwell had only won by 1,953 votes, or a margin of 0.08 percent, an automatic recount was triggered.[95] Cantwell won the recount on December 1 with a margin of 2,229 votes (0.09%) in one of the closest elections in Washington state history.[96]

West Virginia

Election Name:West Virginia election
Country:West Virginia
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in West Virginia
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in West Virginia
Next Year:2006
Image1:Robert Byrd official portrait (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Robert Byrd
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:469,215
Percentage1:77.8%
Nominee2:David Gallaher
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:121,635
Percentage2:20.2%
Map Size:250px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in West Virginia.

See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia. Incumbent Democrat Robert Byrd won re-election to an eighth term. He won every county and congressional district in the state.

Wisconsin

Election Name:Wisconsin election
Country:Wisconsin
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Wisconsin
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Wisconsin
Next Year:2006
Image1:Herbert Kohl, official photo.jpg
Nominee1:Herb Kohl
Party1:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote1:1,563,238
Percentage1:61.5%
Nominee2:John Gillespie
Party2:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote2:940,744
Percentage2:37.0%
Map Size:250px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Democratic Party (US)
After Party:Democratic Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Wisconsin.

See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin. Incumbent Democrat Herb Kohl won re-election to a third term.

Wyoming

Election Name:Wyoming election
Country:Wyoming
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1994 United States Senate election in Wyoming
Previous Year:1994
Next Election:2006 United States Senate election in Wyoming
Next Year:2006
Image1:Thomascraigportrait.jpg
Nominee1:Craig L. Thomas
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Popular Vote1:157,622
Percentage1:73.8%
Nominee2:Mel Logan
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Popular Vote2:47,087
Percentage2:22.0%
Map Size:200px
U.S. senator
Before Party:Republican Party (US)
After Party:Republican Party (US)

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Wyoming.

See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming. Incumbent Republican Craig Thomas won re-election to a second term over Democratic mine worker Mel Logan.[97]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: THE 2000 ELECTIONS: WEST .
  2. Web site: Where the candidates stand .
  3. Web site: Los Angeles Times: Archives - CALIFORNIA ELECTIONS / U.S. SENATE . Pqasb.pqarchiver.com . February 17, 2000 . 2017-12-20 . November 5, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121105083748/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/49818241.html?dids=49818241:49818241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+17,+2000&author=GREG+KRIKORIAN%3B+AMY+PYLE&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=CALIFORNIA+ELECTIONS+%2F+U.S.+SENATE%3B+Republican+Seeks+to+Enliven+Race+With+Multimedia+Ads%3B+Rep.+Campbell,+seeking+the+GOP+nomination+for+a+chance+to+challenge+Feinstein,+will+use+TV+commercials+to+direct+viewers+to+more+economical+Internet+campaign.&pqatl=google . dead .
  4. Web site: Newsbank | The Sacramento Bee & Sacbee.com . Nl.newsbank.com . July 31, 2000 . 2017-12-20.
  5. Web site: The Hartford Courant Article Archive - Senator To Continue Re-Election Efforts, Too Law Permits Statewide And Nationwide Runs . Pqasb.pqarchiver.com . 2000-08-08 . 2017-12-20 . November 5, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121105092358/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/57664553.html?dids=57664553:57664553&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+08,+2000&author=MATTHEW+KAUFFMAN+And+CARRIE+BUDOFF%3B+Courant+Staff+Writers%3B+Courant+Staff+Writer+Lyn+Bixby+contributed+to+this+story,+which+also+includes+a+wire+service+report.&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=SENATOR+TO+CONTINUE+RE-ELECTION+EFFORTS,+TOO+LAW+PERMITS+STATEWIDE+AND+NATIONWIDE+RUNS%3B+JOSEPH+LIEBERMAN:+THE+HISTORIC+CHOICE+Series:+VOTE+2000&pqatl=google . dead .
  6. News: Lieberman Can Run With a Foot in 2 Races . https://archive.today/20120714210246/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F2071EFF3A580C7B8CDDA10894D8404482 . dead . July 14, 2012 . August 8, 2000 . David M. . Herszenhorn . The New York Times .
  7. News: IN HOME STATE, THEY SEE A CANDIDATE WITH BRAINS AND 'THE MAGIC' . The Boston Globe . August 8, 2000 . Joanna . Weiss . A24.
  8. Web site: Record-Journal - Google News Archive Search. news.google.com. December 20, 2017.
  9. Web site: The Day - Google News Archive Search. news.google.com. December 20, 2017.
  10. Web site: Delaware governor to challenge Roth - CNN . 2017-11-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121003081751/http://articles.cnn.com/1999-09-21/politics/senate.2000_delaware.senate_1_delaware-governor-sixth-senate-term-delaware-residents?_s=PM:ALLPOLITICS . 2012-10-03 . dead .
  11. Web site: In Tight Race, Health Issues Dog Delaware'S Roth . https://archive.today/20120715102557/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/62928651.html?dids=62928651:62928651&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+26,+2000&author=Curtis+Wilkie,+Globe+Correspondent&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=IN+TIGHT+RACE,+HEALTH+ISSUES+DOG+DELAWARE'S+ROTH&pqatl=google . dead . July 15, 2012 . Pqasb.pqarchiver.com . 2000-10-26 . 2017-12-20 .
  12. Web site: Philadelphia Inquirer: Search Results. nl.newsbank.com. December 20, 2017.
  13. Web site: Delaware U.S. Race, 2000 - Sussex County Online, Delaware . Sussexcountyonline.com . 2000-11-07 . 2017-12-20 . August 9, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200809105208/http://www.sussexcountyonline.com/campaign2000/results/ussenate.html . dead .
  14. Web site: Boston.com / Politics / Campaign 2000 / News . Cache.boston.com . 2000-10-26 . 2017-12-20.
  15. Web site: Sarasota Herald-Tribune - Google News Archive Search. news.google.com. December 20, 2017.
  16. Web site: RICK BRAGG. THE 2000 CAMPAIGN: A FLORIDA RACE; 2 Senate Candidates Eagerly Woo Moderates . https://archive.today/20120714153120/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0712FA3C5A0C7B8DDDA90994D8404482 . dead . 2012-07-14 . The New York Times. 2000-10-18 . 2017-12-20 .
  17. Web site: Miami Herald: Search Results. nl.newsbank.com. December 20, 2017.
  18. Web site: ProQuest Archiver: Titles. https://archive.today/20120731031008/http://www.pqarchiver.com/titles?dids=57459375%3A57459375&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Jul+31%252C+2000&author=WILLIAM+MARCH&pub=Tampa+Tribune&desc=McCollum%252C+Nelson+come+out+swinging&pqatl=google. July 31, 2012. dead. October 25, 2021.
  19. Web site: News-JournalOnline.com: Daytona Beach news, sports, weather and classifieds | The News Journal | Daytona Beach FL . Nl.newsbank.com . 2017-12-20.
  20. Web site: Macon Telegraph: Search Results. nl.newsbank.com. December 20, 2017.
  21. Web site: Mattingly, Miller spar on records . chronicle.augusta.com . 2000-10-16 . 2017-12-20.
  22. Web site: Ledger Enquirer: Search Results. nl.newsbank.com. December 20, 2017.
  23. Web site: THE 2000 ELECTIONS: STATE BY STATE; WEST . The New York Times . 2000-11-09 . 2017-12-20.
  24. Web site: New England: Big Prize Gets Little Attention . Pqasb.pqarchiver.com . 2000-02-27 . 2017-12-20 . November 5, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121105093139/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/50409687.html?dids=50409687:50409687&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+27,+2000&author=Michael+Crowley+and+Michael+Kranish,+GLOBE+STAFF&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=NEW+ENGLAND:+BIG+PRIZE+GETS+LITTLE+ATTENTION&pqatl=google . dead .
  25. Web site: Sun Journal - Google News Archive Search. news.google.com. December 20, 2017.
  26. Dianne Feinstein Primaries kind to incumbents, The Deseret News (Associated Press) – March 8, 2000.
  27. https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/62795554.html?dids=62795554:62795554&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+20%2C+2000&author=Jeff+Barker&pub=The+Sun&desc=Senate+rivals+face+off+in+only+TV+debate+Sarbanes+defends+record+of+4+terms+against+Rappaport+accusations&pqatl=google Senate rivals face off in only TV debate Sarbanes defends record of 4 terms against Rappaport accusations
  28. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=24701 MD US Senate - R Primary
  29. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=WT&p_theme=wt&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB08BD1D7199B56&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Rappaport to focus on crime in race with Sarbanes
  30. https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/62919612.html?dids=62919612:62919612&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+26%2C+2000&author=Lori+Montgomery&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=MARYLAND+NOTEBOOK%3B+Sarbanes-Rappaport+Forum+A+Matter+of+Great+Debate&pqatl=google MARYLAND NOTEBOOK; Sarbanes-Rappaport Forum A Matter of Great Debate
  31. In Michigan Looks Aren't Everything. https://web.archive.org/web/20101122081243/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,57698,00.html . dead . November 22, 2010 . Time . October 14, 2000.
  32. News: Congress Races Test Coattails . Newsday . September 4, 2000 . November 8, 2017 . November 5, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121105102102/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/59403477.html?dids=59403477:59403477&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+04,+2000&author=Elaine+S.+Povich.+WASHINGTON+BUREAU&pub=Newsday+(Combined+editions)&desc=Congress+Races+Test+Coattails&pqatl=google . dead .
  33. Web site: The Argus-Press - Google News Archive Search. news.google.com. December 20, 2017.
  34. "Ashcroft decides not to jump into 2000 race", CNN, January 5, 1999.
  35. Schanbacher, William D. The Politics of Food: The Global Conflict between Food Security and Food Sovereignty, Praeger Security International; February 26, 2010; ; p. 47.
  36. Harrison, Beth B. Shedding Light on Genetically Engineered Food: What You Don't Know About the Food You're Eating and What You Can Do to Protect Yourself, iUniverse, Inc., November 13, 2007,
  37. "The 2000 elections: Missouri; Senator Refuses To Challenge Loss" by John W. Fountain, The New York Times, November 9, 2000.
  38. "Five people have won election to Congress, despite being dead" by Philip Bump, The Washington Post, October 1, 2014.
  39. Wayne, Stephen J. & Clyde Wilcox. The Election of the Century: The 2000 Election and What it Tells Us About American Politics in the New Millennium, Routledge, February 20, 2002, ; ch.10.
  40. Web site: Reform candidate blasts corporations . Billingsgazette.com . October 13, 2000 . August 15, 2012.
  41. [George Will]
  42. [Al Kamen]
  43. Michael Barone, The Almanac of American Politics 2004, National Journal Group.
  44. William Booth, "Mont. Rancher Mounts Brawny Challenge; Crusty GOP Incumbent Finds Race Tightening Against an Equally Rough-Hewn Opponent", The Washington Post, October 31, 2000.
  45. Al Kamen, "Town Getting $ 11 Million in Salve From Burns", The Washington Post, May 12, 2000.
  46. News: Franks Accuses Corzine of Trying To Buy His Way Into Senate Seat . The New York Times . David M. . Halbfinger . October 13, 2000.
  47. News: Franks and Corzine Debate Race, Education and Disclosure . The New York Times . October 13, 2000.
  48. Web site: Former Rep. Bob Franks Dies at 58: Lost U.S. Senate Race But Ideas Triumphed by Gregory Hilton | The DC World Affairs Blog . Diplomatdc.wordpress.com . 2010-04-11 . 2017-12-20.
  49. News: Franks Accuses Corzine of Trying To Buy His Way Into Senate Seat . The New York Times . October 13, 2000.
  50. Web site: The High Price Of Chutzpah: Cheney And Corzine May Be Pushing The Ethical Envelope On Conflict-Of-Interest Rules. That's More Than Daring—It's -Just Plain Galling . July 19, 2008 . August 28, 2000 . Newsweek.
  51. Who Wants to Vote for a Multimillionaire? . https://web.archive.org/web/20101122075317/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,46866,00.html . dead . November 22, 2010 . July 17, 2008 . June 7, 2000 . Time . Derer, Mike.
  52. New Faces In The Senate . https://web.archive.org/web/20101122102740/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,998535,00.html . dead . November 22, 2010 . July 18, 2008 . November 20, 2000 . Time . Morse, Jodie. Nadya Labi. Michel Orecklin.
  53. Web site: The New Jersey Purchase: Jon Corzine's $36 Million Campaign For The Senate . July 19, 2008 . June 12, 2000 . Newsweek . Hosenball, Mark.
  54. Web site: Surviving The Coming Clash: With The Left Feeling Frisky, Conservatives Need To Watch Their Step If They Want To Have Their Way. It's Time To Be Patient. . July 20, 2008 . December 25, 2000. Newsweek . Brooks, David.
  55. News: Halbfinger, David M. . Corzine Assailed for Joke About Italian-Americans . The New York Times . July 29, 2008 . March 30, 2000.
  56. Web site: Good Faith Politics . Adubato, Steve . July 20, 2008 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081016123234/http://www.stand-deliver.com/star_ledger/goodfaith.asp . October 16, 2008 .
  57. News: Around Jon Corzine's Roots, a Casual Indifference to Ethnicity . Peterson, Iver . July 20, 2008 . April 9, 2000 . The New York Times.
  58. Ingle pp. 62–63.
  59. News: Jacob, Andrew . Black Minister Criticized for Taking Corzine's Money . The New York Times . August 27, 2008 . September 20, 2000 . dead . https://archive.today/20120716031705/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9405E0D7153BF933A1575AC0A9669C8B63 . July 16, 2012 .
  60. News: Robert Franks, Former New Jersey Congressman, Dies . The New York Times . Diane . Cardwell . April 10, 2010.
  61. News: After His Defeat, Franks Looks to the Future . The New York Times . Maria . Newman . November 10, 2000.
  62. Web site: NM US Senate Race - Nov 07, 2000 . Our Campaigns . 2017-12-20.
  63. News: Lazio Sets Spending Mark for a Losing Senate Bid . Clifford J. Levy . The New York Times . December 13, 2000 . February 22, 2008.
  64. As of 2007, it still holds the record of most expensive Senate race. See News: When Rudy Met Hillary . Rob Polner . . November 27, 2007 . February 22, 2008.
  65. News: Clinton Rivals Raise Little Besides Rage . Clifford J. Levy . The New York Times . October 27, 2000 . December 17, 2007.
  66. For example, the Sierra Club News: Hillary Clinton Is Endorsed By Sierra Club as Better Ally . Randal C. Archibold . The New York Times . September 6, 2000 . October 6, 2007.
  67. News: Hillary Clinton Stars, Unrivaled, at Labor Day Parade . Steven Greenhouse . The New York Times . September 10, 2000 .
  68. News: Police Union Backs Lazio, Citing First Lady's Statement . Elisabeth Bumiller . September 8, 2000 . October 6, 2007 . The New York Times.
  69. News: Clinton wins endorsement of city's firefighter unions . April 19, 2006 . October 6, 2007 . Associated Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20070628055431/http://www.newsday.com/news/nationworld/nation/ny-nyhill0420%2C0%2C6369920.story . June 28, 2007 . dead .
  70. News: Hillary Rodham Clinton scores historic win in New York . . November 8, 2000 . December 17, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070212204213/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/11/07/senate.ny/ . February 12, 2007 .
  71. News: Excerpts From Second Debate Between Mrs. Clinton and Lazio . The New York Times . October 9, 2000 . February 18, 2008.
  72. News: Ashcroft concedes as GOP clings to Senate lead . . November 8, 2000 . February 17, 2008 .
  73. http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/09/20/whitewater/ "Ray: Insufficient evidence to prosecute Clintons in Whitewater probe"
  74. http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/10/18/travel.office "Ray: First lady's answers false in travel office probe, but no prosecution"
  75. Neil A. Lewis, "Report Clears White House In Inquiry Over F.B.I. Files", The New York Times, March 17, 2000. Retrieved June 9, 2007.
  76. News: Mr. Ray's Ill-Timed Report . The New York Times . August 30, 2000 . February 16, 2008.
  77. News: Whitewater: Case Closed . . September 20, 2000 . February 16, 2008.
  78. Gerth, Van Natta Jr., Her Way, pp. 212–213.
  79. News: When Rudy Met Hillary . Rob Polner . . November 27, 2007 . February 22, 2008.
  80. Web site: Federal Elections 2000: U.S. Senate results . . December 17, 2007.
  81. News: First Lady Emerges From Shadow And Begins to Cast Her Own . Elisabeth Bumiller, Dean E. Murphy . The New York Times . November 9, 2000 . February 16, 2008.
  82. News: Election Night 1998: New York . . November 4, 1998 . December 17, 2007.
  83. News: Kerry, Schumer win in New York . . . November 3, 2004 . December 17, 2007.
  84. News: Mrs. Clinton Found Right Mix in Fame and Upstate Focus . Adam Nagourney . The New York Times . November 9, 2000 . February 18, 2008. Adam Nagourney .
  85. News: It Took a Woman; How Gender Helped Elect Hillary Clinton . Elisabeth Bumiller . The New York Times . November 12, 2000 . January 15, 2008. Elisabeth Bumiller .
  86. Web site: ND Secretary of State Election Management System - Statewide Election Results . 2006-11-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080823134354/http://web.apps.state.nd.us/sec/emspublic/gp/electionresultssearch.htm?cmd=Search&searchType=STATE&electionDate=06132000&showMap=NM . 2008-08-23 . dead .
  87. Web site: Commonwealth of PA - Elections Information . 2008-05-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080515031139/http://www.electionreturns.state.pa.us/ElectionsInformation.aspx?FunctionID=13&ElectionID=2&OfficeID=2 . 2008-05-15 . dead .
  88. Book: Pennsylvania Elections: Statewide Contests from 1950-2004 . 2017-12-20. 9780761832799 . Kennedy . John J. . 2006 .
  89. Web site: The Tuscaloosa News - Google News Archive Search. news.google.com. December 20, 2017.
  90. News: On Politics: Tennessee U.S. Senate . Washington Post.
  91. Web site: Archives | The Dallas Morning News, dallasnews.com . Nl.newsbank.com . 2000-06-10 . 2017-12-20.
  92. Web site: 2000 General Election Turnout Rates . . Dr. Michael McDonald . December 28, 2011 . March 4, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130302122808/http://elections.gmu.edu/Turnout_2000G.html . March 2, 2013 . dead . mdy-all .
  93. Web site: 2000 Senatorial General Election Results - Virginia . uselectionatlas.org . David Leip . January 1, 2012 . March 4, 2013.
  94. Web site: Our Campaigns - VA US Senate Race - Nov 07, 2000 . ourcampaigns.com . Our Campaigns . April 23, 2004 . March 4, 2013.
  95. News: Egan . Timothy . Timothy Egan . November 23, 2000 . Cantwell Declared Washington Victor . A24 . The New York Times . November 22, 2022.
  96. News: Dewar . Helen . December 2, 2000 . Cantwell Senate Victory Over Gorton Upheld . The Washington Post . November 22, 2022.
  97. Web site: NewsLibrary.com - newspaper archive, clipping service - newspapers and other news sources . Nl.newsbank.com . 2000-08-23 . 2017-12-20.