1930 United States House of Representatives elections explained

Election Name:	1930 United States House of Representatives elections
Country:	United States
Flag Year:	1912
Type:	legislative
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	1928 United States House of Representatives elections
Previous Year:	1928
Next Election:	1932 United States House of Representatives elections
Next Year:	1932
Seats For Election:	All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives
Majority Seats:	218
Election Date:	November 4, 1930
Party1:	Republican Party (US)
Image1:	File:LONGWORTH, NICHOLAS. HONORABLE LCCN2016862193 (cropped).jpg
Leader1:	Nicholas Longworth
Leader Since1:	March 4, 1923
Last Election1:	270 seats
Seats1:	218
Seat Change1:	52
Popular Vote1:	13,141,932
Percentage1:	53.04%
Swing1:	3.69%
Party2:	Democratic Party (US)
Leader2:	John Nance Garner
Leader Since2:	March 4, 1929
Last Election2:	164 seats
Seats2:	216
Seat Change2:	52
Popular Vote2:	11,026,131^[1]
Percentage2:	44.50%
Swing2:	2.53%
Party4:	Farmer–Labor Party
Last Election4:	1 seat
Seats4:	1
Popular Vote4:	277,739
Percentage4:	1.12%
Swing4:	0.58%
Map Size:	320px
Speaker
Before Election:	Nicholas Longworth
Before Party:	Republican Party (US)
After Election:	John Nance Garner
After Party:	Democratic Party (US)

The 1930 United States House of Representatives elections were elections for the United States House of Representatives to elect members to serve in the 72nd United States Congress. They were held for the most part on November 4, 1930, while Maine held theirs on September 8. They occurred in the middle of President Herbert Hoover's term.

During the election cycle, the nation was entering its second year of the Great Depression, and Hoover was perceived^[2] ^[3] as doing little to solve the crisis, with his personal popularity being very low. His Republican Party was initially applauded for instituting protectionist economic policies, which were intended to limit imports to stimulate the domestic market; however, after the passage of the heavily damaging Smoot-Hawley Tariff, a policy that was bitterly opposed by the Democratic Party, public opinion turned sharply against Republican policies, and the party bore the blame for the economic collapse.

While the Democrats gained 52 seats in the 1930 midterm elections, Republicans retained a narrow one-seat majority of 218 seats after the polls closed versus the Democrats' 216 seats; however, during the 13 months between these elections and the start of the 72nd Congress,^[4] 14 members-elect died (including incumbent Speaker Nicholas Longworth), and the Democrats gained an additional three seats in the special elections called to fill these vacancies, thus gaining control of the House (they held a 219–212 advantage over the Republicans when the new Congress convened).^[4] ^[5]

This was the first of four consecutive Depression-era House elections in which Democrats made enormous gains, achieving a cumulative gain of 174 seats. Over the ensuing 64 years (until the 1994 midterm elections), House Republicans would be in the minority for all but four years, winning majorities only in 1946 and in 1952.

Overall results

↓
216	1	218
Democratic		Republican

Source: Election Statistics - Office of the Clerk

Special elections

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives. Elections are listed by date and district.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	William W. Griest		Republican	1908		Incumbent died December 5, 1929. New member elected January 28, 1930. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Will Kirk Kaynor		Republican	1928		Incumbent died December 20, 1929. New member elected February 11, 1930. Democratic gain. Successor later re-elected to the next term; see below.	nowrap
	John M. Robsion		Republican	1918		Incumbent resigned January 10, 1930 to become U.S. senator. New member elected February 15, 1930. Republican hold.	nowrap
	John F. Carew		Democratic	1912		Incumbent resigned December 28, 1929, after being appointed to the New York Supreme Court. New member elected April 11, 1930. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Robert Q. Lee		Democratic	1928		Incumbent died April 18, 1930. New member elected May 20, 1930. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Otis Wingo		Democratic	1912		Incumbent died October 21, 1930. New member elected November 4, 1930 to finish her husband's term. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	James P. Glynn		Republican	1914 1922 1924		Incumbent died March 6, 1930. New member elected November 4, 1930. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Thomas S. Williams		Republican	1914		Incumbent resigned November 11, 1929, after being appointed to the U.S. Court of Claims. New member elected November 4, 1930. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	David H. Kincheloe		Democratic	1914		Incumbent resigned October 5, 1930, after being appointed to the U.S. Customs Court. New member elected November 4, 1930. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Charles M. Stedman		Democratic	1910		Incumbent died September 23, 1930. New member elected November 4, 1930. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	William C. Hammer		Democratic	1920		Incumbent died September 26, 1930. New member elected November 4, 1930. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Stephen G. Porter		Republican	1910		Incumbent died June 27, 1930. New member elected November 4, 1930. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Edgar R. Kiess		Republican	1912		Incumbent died July 20, 1930. New member elected November 4, 1930. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Jeremiah E. O'Connell		Democratic	1922 1926 1928		Incumbent resigned to become Associate Justice of Rhode Island Superior Court. New member elected November 4, 1930. Democratic hold. Successor was also elected the same day to the next term; see below.	nowrap
	Elmer O. Leatherwood		Republican	1920		Incumbent died December 24, 1929. New member elected November 4, 1930. Republican hold. Successor also elected the same day to the next term; see below.	nowrap
	James A. Hughes		Republican	1900 1914 1926		Incumbent died March 2, 1930. New member elected November 4, 1930. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Florian Lampert		Republican	1918		Incumbent died July 18, 1930. New member elected November 4, 1930. Democratic gain. Successor also elected the same day to the next term; see below.	nowrap
Illinois 15	Edward John King		Republican	1914		Incumbent died February 17, 1929. New member elected November 4, 1930. Republican hold.	nowrap

Alabama

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	John McDuffie		Democratic	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	J. Lister Hill		Democratic	1923	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Henry B. Steagall		Democratic	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Lamar Jeffers		Democratic	1921	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	LaFayette L. Patterson		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William B. Oliver		Democratic	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Miles C. Allgood		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Edward B. Almon		Democratic	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	George Huddleston		Democratic	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William B. Bankhead		Democratic	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Arizona

Arkansas

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	William J. Driver		Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Pearl Peden Oldfield		Democratic	1929		Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Claude Fuller		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Otis Wingo		Democratic	1912		Incumbent died. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Heartsill Ragon		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	David Delano Glover		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Tilman B. Parks		Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

California

See main article: 1930 United States House of Representatives elections in California.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Clarence F. Lea		Democratic	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Harry Lane Englebright		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles F. Curry		Republican	1912		Incumbent died. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Florence Prag Kahn		Republican	1925	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Richard J. Welch		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Albert E. Carter		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Henry E. Barbour		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Arthur M. Free		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William E. Evans		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Joe Crail		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Philip D. Swing		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Colorado

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	William R. Eaton		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles B. Timberlake		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Guy U. Hardy		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Edward T. Taylor		Democratic	1908	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Connecticut

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	E. Hart Fenn		Republican	1920		Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Richard P. Freeman		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John Q. Tilson		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Schuyler Merritt		Republican	1916		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	James P. Glynn		Republican	1924		Incumbent died. Republican hold.	nowrap

Delaware

Florida

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Herbert J. Drane		Democratic	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Robert A. Green		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Tom Yon		Democratic	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Ruth Bryan Owen		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Georgia

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Charles Gordon Edwards		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Edward E. Cox		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles R. Crisp		Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William C. Wright		Democratic	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Robert Ramspeck		Democratic	1929	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Samuel Rutherford		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Malcolm C. Tarver		Democratic	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles H. Brand		Democratic	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Thomas Montgomery Bell		Democratic	1904		Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Carl Vinson		Democratic	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William C. Lankford		Democratic	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William W. Larsen		Democratic	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Idaho

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Burton L. French		Republican	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Addison T. Smith		Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Illinois

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Oscar Stanton De Priest		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Morton D. Hull		Republican	1923	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Elliott W. Sproul		Republican	1920		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Thomas A. Doyle		Democratic	1923		Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Adolph J. Sabath		Democratic	1906	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James T. Igoe		Democratic	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	M. Alfred Michaelson		Republican	1920		Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Stanley H. Kunz		Democratic	1920		Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	nowrap
	Frederick A. Britten		Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Carl R. Chindblom		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Frank R. Reid		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John T. Buckbee		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William Richard Johnson		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John Clayton Allen		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Edward John King		Republican	1914		Incumbent died. Republican hold.	nowrap
	William E. Hull		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Homer W. Hall		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William P. Holaday		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles Adkins		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Henry T. Rainey		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Frank M. Ramey		Republican	1928		Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Edward M. Irwin		Republican	1924		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	William W. Arnold		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Thomas Sutler Williams		Republican	1914		Incumbent resigned to become a judge. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Edward E. Denison		Republican	1914		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
2 seats on a general ticket	Richard Yates Jr.		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.
2 seats on a general ticket	Ruth Hanna McCormick		Republican	1922		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Democratic gain.

Indiana

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Harry E. Rowbottom		Republican	1924		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Arthur H. Greenwood		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James W. Dunbar		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Harry C. Canfield		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Noble J. Johnson		Republican	1924		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Richard N. Elliott		Republican	1918		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Louis Ludlow		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Albert H. Vestal		Republican	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Fred S. Purnell		Republican	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William R. Wood		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Albert R. Hall		Republican	1924		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	David Hogg		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Andrew J. Hickey		Republican	1918		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap

Iowa

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	William F. Kopp		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	F. Dickinson Letts		Republican	1924		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Thomas J. B. Robinson		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Gilbert N. Haugen		Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Cyrenus Cole		Republican	1921	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	C. William Ramseyer		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Cassius C. Dowell		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Lloyd Thurston		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles Edward Swanson		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Lester J. Dickinson		Republican	1918		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Ed H. Campbell		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Kansas

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	William P. Lambertson		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Ulysses Samuel Guyer		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William H. Sproul		Republican	1922		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Homer Hoch		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James G. Strong		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles I. Sparks		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Clifford R. Hope		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William Augustus Ayres		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Kentucky

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	William Voris Gregory		Democratic	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	David Hayes Kincheloe		Democratic	1914		Incumbent resigned to become a judge. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	John William Moore		Democratic	1929	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John D. Craddock		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Maurice Thatcher		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	J. Lincoln Newhall		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Robert Blackburn		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Lewis L. Walker		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Elva R. Kendall		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Katherine Langley		Republican	1926		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Charles Finley		Republican	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Louisiana

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	James O'Connor		Democratic	1918		Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	James Z. Spearing		Democratic	1924		Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Numa F. Montet		Democratic	1929	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John N. Sandlin		Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Riley J. Wilson		Democratic	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Bolivar E. Kemp		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	René L. De Rouen		Democratic	1927	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James Benjamin Aswell		Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Maine

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Carroll L. Beedy		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Wallace H. White		Republican	1916		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Republican hold.	nowrap
	John E. Nelson		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Donald F. Snow		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Maryland

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	T. Alan Goldsborough		Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Linwood Clark		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Vincent L. Palmisano		Democratic	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	J. Charles Linthicum		Democratic	1910	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Stephen W. Gambrill		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Frederick N. Zihlman		Republican	1916		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap

Massachusetts

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Allen T. Treadway		Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William J. Granfield		Democratic	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Frank H. Foss		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	George R. Stobbs		Republican	1924		Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Edith Nourse Rogers		Republican	1925	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	A. Piatt Andrew		Republican	1921	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William P. Connery Jr.		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Frederick W. Dallinger		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles L. Underhill		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John J. Douglass		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	George H. Tinkham		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John W. McCormack		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Robert Luce		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Richard B. Wigglesworth		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Joseph W. Martin Jr.		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles L. Gifford		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Michigan

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Robert H. Clancy		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Earl C. Michener		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Joseph L. Hooper		Republican	1925	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John C. Ketcham		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Carl E. Mapes		Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Grant M. Hudson		Republican	1922		Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Louis C. Cramton		Republican	1912		Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Bird J. Vincent		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James C. McLaughlin		Republican	1906	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Roy O. Woodruff		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Frank P. Bohn		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	W. Frank James		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Clarence J. McLeod		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Minnesota

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Victor Christgau		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Frank Clague		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	August H. Andresen		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Melvin Maas		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William I. Nolan		Republican	1929	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Harold Knutson		Republican	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Paul John Kvale		Farmer–Labor	1929	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William A. Pittenger		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Conrad Selvig		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Godfrey G. Goodwin		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Mississippi

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	John E. Rankin		Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Wall Doxey		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William Madison Whittington		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	T. Jeff Busby		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Ross A. Collins		Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Robert S. Hall		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Percy Quin		Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James W. Collier		Democratic	1908	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Missouri

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Milton A. Romjue		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Ralph F. Lozier		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Jacob L. Milligan		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	David W. Hopkins		Republican	1929	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Edgar C. Ellis		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Thomas Jefferson Halsey		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	John William Palmer		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	William L. Nelson		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Clarence Cannon		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Henry F. Niedringhaus		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John J. Cochran		Democratic	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Leonidas C. Dyer		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles Edward Kiefner		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Dewey J. Short		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Joe J. Manlove		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Rowland Louis Johnston		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap

Montana

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	John M. Evans		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Scott Leavitt		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Nebraska

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	John H. Morehead		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Willis G. Sears		Republican	1922		Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Edgar Howard		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles H. Sloan		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Fred G. Johnson		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Robert G. Simmons		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Nevada

New Hampshire

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Fletcher Hale		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Edward Hills Wason		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

New Jersey

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Charles A. Wolverton		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Isaac Bacharach		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Harold G. Hoffman		Republican	1926		Incumbent retired to become state motor vehicle commissioner. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Charles A. Eaton		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Ernest R. Ackerman		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Randolph Perkins		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	George N. Seger		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Fred A. Hartley Jr.		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Franklin W. Fort		Republican	1924		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Frederick R. Lehlbach		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Oscar L. Auf der Heide		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Mary Teresa Norton		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

New Mexico

See main article: 1930 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico.

New York

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Robert L. Bacon		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William F. Brunner		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	George W. Lindsay		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Thomas H. Cullen		Democratic	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Loring M. Black Jr.		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Andrew Lawrence Somers		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John F. Quayle		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Patrick J. Carley		Democratic	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	David J. O'Connell		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Emanuel Celler		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Anning S. Prall		Democratic	1923	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Samuel Dickstein		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Christopher D. Sullivan		Democratic	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William I. Sirovich		Democratic	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John J. Boylan		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John J. O'Connor		Democratic	1923	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Ruth Baker Pratt		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Martin J. Kennedy		Democratic	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Sol Bloom		Democratic	1923	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Fiorello La Guardia		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Joseph A. Gavagan		Democratic	1929	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Anthony J. Griffin		Democratic	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Frank Oliver		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James M. Fitzpatrick		Democratic	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	J. Mayhew Wainwright		Republican	1922		Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Hamilton Fish Jr.		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Harcourt J. Pratt		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Parker Corning		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James S. Parker		Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Frank Crowther		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Bertrand Snell		Republican	1915	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Francis D. Culkin		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Frederick M. Davenport		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John D. Clarke		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Clarence E. Hancock		Republican	1927	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John Taber		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Gale H. Stalker		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James L. Whitley		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Archie D. Sanders		Republican	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	S. Wallace Dempsey		Republican	1914		Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Edmund F. Cooke		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James M. Mead		Democratic	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Daniel A. Reed		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

North Carolina

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Lindsay C. Warren		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John H. Kerr		Democratic	1923	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles L. Abernethy		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Edward W. Pou		Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles Manly Stedman		Democratic	1910		Incumbent died. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	J. Bayard Clark		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William C. Hammer		Democratic	1920		Incumbent died. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Robert L. Doughton		Democratic	1910	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles A. Jonas		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	George M. Pritchard		Republican	1928		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Democratic gain.	nowrap

North Dakota

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Olger B. Burtness		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Thomas Hall		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James H. Sinclair		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Ohio

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Nicholas Longworth		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William E. Hess		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Roy G. Fitzgerald		Republican	1920		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	John L. Cable		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles J. Thompson		Republican	1918		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Charles C. Kearns		Republican	1914		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Charles Brand		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Grant E. Mouser		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William W. Chalmers		Republican	1924		Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Thomas A. Jenkins		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Mell G. Underwood		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John C. Speaks		Republican	1920		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Joseph E. Baird		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Francis Seiberling		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	C. Ellis Moore		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles B. McClintock		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William M. Morgan		Republican	1920		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	B. Frank Murphy		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John G. Cooper		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles A. Mooney		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Robert Crosser		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Chester C. Bolton		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Oklahoma

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Charles O'Connor		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	William W. Hastings		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Wilburn Cartwright		Democratic	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Tom D. McKeown		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Ulysses S. Stone		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Jed Johnson		Democratic	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James V. McClintic		Democratic	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Milton C. Garber		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Oregon

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Willis C. Hawley		Republican	1906	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Robert R. Butler		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Franklin F. Korell		Republican	1927		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap

Pennsylvania

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	James M. Beck		Republican	1927	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	George S. Graham		Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Harry C. Ransley		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Benjamin M. Golder		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James J. Connolly		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	George A. Welsh		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	George P. Darrow		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James Wolfenden		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Henry Winfield Watson		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	J. Roland Kinzer		Republican	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Laurence H. Watres		Republican	1922		Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Charles Murray Turpin		Republican	1929	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	George F. Brumm		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles J. Esterly		Republican	1928		Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Louis T. McFadden		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Edgar R. Kiess		Republican	1912		Incumbent died. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Frederick W. Magrady		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Edward M. Beers		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Isaac Hoffer Doutrich		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James Russell Leech		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	J. Banks Kurtz		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Franklin Menges		Republican	1924		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	James Mitchell Chase		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Samuel Austin Kendall		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Henry Wilson Temple		Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	J. Howard Swick		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Nathan Leroy Strong		Republican	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Thomas C. Cochran		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Milton W. Shreve		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William R. Coyle		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Adam M. Wyant		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Stephen Geyer Porter		Republican	1910		Incumbent died. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Melville Clyde Kelly		Republican	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Patrick J. Sullivan		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Harry A. Estep		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Guy E. Campbell		Republican	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Rhode Island

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Clark Burdick		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Richard S. Aldrich		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Jeremiah E. O'Connell		Democratic	1928		Incumbent resigned to become an associate justice of the Rhode Island Superior Court. Democratic hold.	nowrap

South Carolina

See main article: 1930 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Thomas S. McMillan		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Butler B. Hare		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Frederick H. Dominick		Democratic	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John J. McSwain		Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William Francis Stevenson		Democratic	1917	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Allard H. Gasque		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Hampton P. Fulmer		Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

South Dakota

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Charles A. Christopherson		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Royal C. Johnson		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William Williamson		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Tennessee

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	B. Carroll Reece		Republican	1920	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected.	nowrap
	J. Will Taylor		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Sam D. McReynolds		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Cordell Hull		Democratic	1922		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Ewin L. Davis		Democratic	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Jo Byrns		Democratic	1908	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Edward E. Eslick		Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Gordon Browning		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Jere Cooper		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Hubert Fisher		Democratic	1916		Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	nowrap

Texas

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Wright Patman		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John C. Box		Democratic	1918		Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Morgan G. Sanders		Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Sam Rayburn		Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Hatton W. Sumners		Democratic	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Luther A. Johnson		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Clay Stone Briggs		Democratic	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Daniel E. Garrett		Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Joseph J. Mansfield		Democratic	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James P. Buchanan		Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Oliver H. Cross		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Fritz G. Lanham		Democratic	1919	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Guinn Williams		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Harry M. Wurzbach		Republican	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John Nance Garner		Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Claude Benton Hudspeth		Democratic	1918		Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Thomas L. Blanton		Democratic	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John Marvin Jones		Democratic	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Utah

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Don B. Colton		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Elmer O. Leatherwood		Republican	1920		Incumbent died December 24, 1929. Republican hold. Successor also elected to finish the current term.	nowrap

Vermont

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Elbert S. Brigham		Republican	1924		Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Ernest W. Gibson		Republican	1923	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	S. Otis Bland		Democratic	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Menalcus Lankford		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Jack Montague		Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Patrick H. Drewry		Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Joseph Whitehead		Democratic	1924		Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Clifton A. Woodrum		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Jacob A. Garber		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	R. Walton Moore		Democratic	1919		Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Joseph Crockett Shaffer		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Henry St. George Tucker III		Democratic	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Washington

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	John Franklin Miller		Republican	1916		Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Lindley H. Hadley		Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Albert Johnson		Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John W. Summers		Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Samuel B. Hill		Democratic	1923	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

West Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Carl G. Bachmann		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Frank L. Bowman		Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John M. Wolverton		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	James A. Hughes		Republican	1926		Incumbent died. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Hugh Ike Shott		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Joe L. Smith		Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Wisconsin

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Henry A. Cooper		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles A. Kading		Republican	1926	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John M. Nelson		Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John C. Schafer		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	William H. Stafford		Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Florian Lampert		Republican	1918		Incumbent died. Democratic gain.	nowrap
	Merlin Hull		Republican	1928		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected.	nowrap
	Edward E. Browne		Republican	1912		Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	nowrap
	George J. Schneider		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	James A. Frear		Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Hubert H. Peavey		Republican	1922	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Wyoming

Non-voting delegates

Alaska Territory

Further research

Stevens, Susan. "The Congressional Elections of 1930: Politics of Avoidance" in Milton Plesur, ed., American Historian: Essays to Honor Selig Adler (1980), pp 149–158.
Susan F. Stevens, "Congressional Elections of 1930: Politics of Avoidance" (Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1980), reports that the depression seems to have not played as much of a role as prohibition, farm policy and the Smoot Hawley Tariff issues. This study focuses on the political environment of the immediate post-Crash period. Contrary to modern anticipation and historical precedent, the first elections after the Stock Market debacle proved remarkably inconclusive. Despite a host of impediments, of which economic uncertainty was only one, the incumbent Republican party managed to retain control of Congress. The margin, however, was not durable enough to withstand the deepening financial crisis. By the time the 72nd Congress was convened thirteen months later, the Democrats had secured the House of Representatives through a series of by-elections. Contemporary analysis of the 1930-31 period reveals a curious sense of ambivalence which those election results sustain. Newspapers, journals, popular publications and manuscripts have provided the main source of evidence. These subjective accounts have been weighed against the voting tallies in order to determine the context of the most significant campaigns and their results. Surprisingly, the issue of economic depression was a minor concern during the general elections. Prohibition, tariff and farm policy featured far more prominently during the fall of 1930. By 1931, however, the economic issue had become predominant and voters registered their dismay by electing Democrats. This study indicates that the mutual reluctance of either political party to deal with the depression issue, coupled with an initial disinclination by voters to upset a heretofore comfortable status quo, produced an electoral ambivalence unequalled in American congressional politics. Only the continued inability of the Republican administration to reverse economic disruption persuaded voters to embrace the unproven abilities of Democratic legislators.
Web site: Election Statistics . November 14, 2010 . Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives.

Notes and References

Web site: History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives. Election Statistics, 1920 to Present. November 29, 2018.
News: November 6, 1930 . Republicans Lay Defeat to Slump . . June 15, 2017.
News: Carlisle MacDonald . November 7, 1930 . French Say Slump Upset Republicans . . April 18, 2014.
Ritchie . Donald A. . . A Look Back At The Midterm Election Of 1930 . July 25, 2019 . . NPR . Washington, D.C. . November 3, 2010 . Donald A. Ritchie.
Web site: The Opening of the 72nd Congress: December 07, 1931 . July 25, 2019 . Historical Highlights . Historian, Clerk of the U.S. House . Washington, D.C..