United States District Court for the Southern District of New York explained

Court Type:	district
Court Name:	United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
Abbreviation:	S.D.N.Y.
Seal:	USDCSDNY.svg
Seal Size:	150
Map Image Width:	150
Courthouse:	Daniel Patrick Moynihan U.S. Courthouse
Location:	Manhattan
Courthouse1:	Thurgood Marshall U.S. Courthouse
Location1:	Manhattan
Courthouse2:	Charles L. Brieant Jr. Federal Building and Courthouse
Location2:	White Plains
Location3:	Middletown
Appeals To:	Second Circuit
Established:	April 9, 1814
Judges Assigned:	28
Chief:	Laura Taylor Swain
Us Attorney:	Damian Williams
Us Marshal:	Ralph Sozio

The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (in case citations, S.D.N.Y.) is a federal trial court whose geographic jurisdiction encompasses eight counties of the State of New York. Two of these are in New York City: New York (Manhattan) and Bronx; six are in the Hudson Valley: Westchester, Putnam, Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, and Sullivan. Appeals from the Southern District of New York are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

Because it covers Manhattan, the Southern District of New York has long been one of the most active and influential federal trial courts in the United States. It often has jurisdiction over America's largest financial institutions and prosecution of white-collar crime and other federal crimes.^[1] Because of its age and influence, it is sometimes colloquially called the "Mother Court" or the "Sovereign District of New York."^{[2] [3]} The district has had several prominent judges on its bench, including Learned Hand, Michael Mukasey, and Sonia Sotomayor, and many of the U.S. attorneys for the district have been prominent American legal and political figures, such as Elihu Root, Henry L. Stimson, Robert Morgenthau, Rudy Giuliani, James Comey, Michael J. Garcia, and Preet Bharara.^[4]

Jurisdiction

The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York encompasses the counties of New York, Bronx, Westchester, Rockland, Putnam, Orange, Dutchess, and Sullivan and draws jurors from those counties. The Court also shares jurisdiction over the waters of the counties of Kings, Nassau, Queens, Richmond, and Suffolk with the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.^[5] The Court hears cases in Manhattan, White Plains, and Poughkeepsie, New York.^[6]

The United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the Court. the United States Attorney is Damian Williams.^[7]

The court sits in the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse and Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, both in Manhattan, and in the Charles L. Brieant Jr. Federal Building and Courthouse in White Plains.

History

The United States District Court for the District of New York was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, 1 Stat. 73, on September 24, 1789. It first sat at the old Merchants Exchange on Broad Street in November 1789, the first federal court to do so.^{[8] [9] [10]} The Act of April 9, 1814, 3 Stat. 120, divided the District of New York into Northern and Southern Districts.

The subdivision of the district was reportedly instigated by Matthias B. Tallmadge, out of antipathy for fellow district judge William P. Van Ness. These Districts were later further subdivided with the creation of the Eastern District on February 25, 1865 by 13 Stat. 438, and the Western District on May 12, 1900, by 31 Stat. 175. Public Law 95-408 (enacted October 2, 1978) transferred Columbia, Greene, and Ulster counties from the Southern to the Northern district.^[11]

For the first hundred years of its existence, the case load of the district was dominated first by admiralty cases, and then by a mix of admiralty and bankruptcy cases. The primary responsibility for hearing bankruptcy cases has since been transferred to the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York, with the District Court only reviewing cases already decided by a bankruptcy judge.

Since its creation, the Southern District of New York has had over 150 judges, more than any other District. Twenty-one judges from the Southern District of New York have been elevated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit—Samuel Blatchford, Charles Merrill Hough, Learned Hand, Julius Marshuetz Mayer, Augustus Noble Hand, Martin Thomas Manton, Robert P. Patterson, Harold Medina, Irving Kaufman, Wilfred Feinberg, Walter R. Mansfield, Murray Gurfein, Lawrence W. Pierce, Pierre N. Leval, John M. Walker Jr., Sonia Sotomayor, Denny Chin, Barrington Daniels Parker Jr., Gerard E. Lynch, Richard J. Sullivan, and Alison Nathan. Blatchford and Sotomayor, after being elevated from the Southern District of New York to serve as Circuit Judges for the Second Circuit, were later elevated to the Supreme Court of the United States. The longest serving judge, David Norton Edelstein, served as an active judge for 43 years to the day, and in senior status for an additional six years.

Judges of the court have gone on to other high governmental positions. Robert P. Patterson served as Under Secretary of War under President Franklin Roosevelt and was Secretary of War under President Harry S. Truman. Louis Freeh served as Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from September 1993 to June 2001. Michael Mukasey served as the 81st United States Attorney General under President George W. Bush.

Notable cases

• The injury and loss of life claims from the sinking of the Titanic,^[12] the torpedo attack on the Lusitania^[13] and the fire aboard the General Slocum^[14] were heard in the S.D.N.Y.
• The espionage trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg^[15] and the perjury trial of Alger Hiss^[16] were heard in the S.D.N.Y.
• Judge John M. Woolsey of the S.D.N.Y. rejected government efforts to censor on obscenity grounds the distribution of James Joyce's Ulysses.^[17]
• Judge Murray Gurfein of the Court rejected government efforts to enjoin The New York Times from publishing the Pentagon Papers.^[18]
• Defamation suits were heard in the S.D.N.Y. against CBS and Time magazine by General William Westmoreland and Israeli General Ariel Sharon.
• Two former Attorneys General of the United States were indicted and tried in the S.D.N.Y. for crimes while in office – Harry Daugherty of the Teapot Dome era and John Mitchell of the Watergate era. Juries were unable to reach verdicts in the two trials against Daugherty; John Mitchell was acquitted.
• Financial frauds have been prosecuted in the S.D.N.Y., among them the cases against Bernard Madoff, Ivan Boesky, Michael Milken, and Sam Bankman-Fried.
• Bombings: the trials of those accused of the 1998 United States embassy bombings in East Africa; those alleged to have been responsible for the 1993 World Trade Center bombing; and Omar Abdel Rahman (known in the press as "The Blind Sheikh"), occurred in the District. More recently, the prosecution arising out of the 2010 Times Square car bombing attempt were each heard in the S.D.N.Y.
• Bridgeman v. Corel (1999) established that exact reproductions of public domain paintings were not subject to copyright protection.
• Viacom Inc. v. YouTube Inc., a $1 billion lawsuit against Google and YouTube on the grounds of alleged copyright infringement. The DMCA safe harbor law became the main argument in the case.
• Prosecution of Abduwali Muse, the so-called "Somali Pirate", was heard in the Court in 2010.^[19]
• The criminal cases against Bess Myerson, Leona Helmsley and Martha Stewart were heard in the S.D.N.Y., as was the U.S. case against Imelda Marcos.
• The Deflategate controversy concerning the National Football League's Tom Brady was heard in the S.D.N.Y.
• Hosseinzadeh v. Klein, concerning the practice of fair use in online video content, was heard in the S.D.N.Y.^[20]
• On December 12, 2018, Judge William H. Pauley III sentenced Michael Cohen – who had served as personal legal counsel to U.S. president Donald Trump for more than a decade – to "three years in prison and millions in forfeitures, restitution and fines",^[21] after pleading guilty to charges including campaign finance violations, tax evasion and committing perjury while under oath before Congress.^[22]
• In 2020, for the Ben Feibleman v. Columbia University case, a settlement was reached and a student's diploma restored.^[23]
• In July 2022, Real Housewives of Salt Lake City star Jennifer Shah pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud in the S.D.N.Y. In January 2023, Shah was sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison.^[24]
• The E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump trial, presided over by Lewis Kaplan, was held in April and May of 2023 in which the jury reached a unanimous decision, after deliberating for less than three hours, that Donald J. Trump was liable for sexual abuse via forcible digital penetration and defamation. Carroll was awarded a total of $5 million in damages.^[25]

Current judges

Vacancies and pending nominations

Seat	Prior judge's duty station	Seat last held by	Vacancy reason	Date of vacancy	Nominee	Date of nomination
15	Manhattan	Paul G. Gardephe	Senior status	August 9, 2023	Jeannette Vargas	March 21, 2024
27		Lorna G. Schofield		December 31, 2024^[26]	Sarah Netburn	April 30, 2024

See also

• Courts of New York
• For the People, a 2018 fictional television drama about the lawyers and judges of the Southern District
• List of current United States district judges
• List of judges of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York
• List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump
• List of United States federal courthouses in New York

External links

• Official website for the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
• Official website for the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York
• Official website for the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York
• Official website of the Southern District Court Reporters

Notes and References

1. Web site: Southern District of New York. November 13, 2014 . United States Department of Justice.
2. Web site: The Mother Court: A.K.A., the Southern District Court of New York.
3. News: Weiser. Benjamin. With Preet Bharara's Dismissal, Storied Office Loses Its Top Fighter. March 10, 2017. New York Times. Rashbaum. William K.. "In past presidential transitions, the storied office, long known to be so independent of Washington that some people referred to it as the Sovereign District of New York, has in large measure moved forward unaffected by politics.".
4. Web site: Weiser . Benjamin . January 29, 2009 . A Steppingstone for Law's Best and Brightest . July 24, 2019 . The New York Times.
5. 28 U.S.C. § 112(b),(c).
6. Web site: Homepage U.S District Court.
7. Web site: Berthelsen . Christian . October 11, 2021 . Wall Street Enforcer Becomes First Black U.S. Attorney for Manhattan . October 12, 2021 . Bloomberg.com . en.
8. Web site: Southern District of New York 225th Anniversary . December 14, 2018 . history.nysd.uscourts.gov.
9. Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 386.
10. https://www.fjc.gov/history/courts/u.s.-district-courts-districts-new-york-legislative-history U.S. District Courts of New York, Legislative history
11. Web site: 92 STAT. 885.
12. Web site: Taylor . Susan . 2022-04-15 . 110 Years Later: Titanic Lawsuits Follow Tragedy In Custodia Legis . 2023-04-18 . The Library of Congress.
13. Book: District), United States District Court (New York : Southern . The "Lusitania." Opinion of Court, United States District Court, Southern District of New York . 1918 . American association for international conciliation . en.
14. Web site: 2016-08-15 . Slocum Disaster, June 15, 1904 . 2023-04-18 . National Archives . en.
15. Web site: United States v. Rosenberg, 109 F. Supp. 108 (S.D.N.Y. 1953) . 2023-04-18 . Justia Law . en.
16. Web site: United States v. Hiss, 107 F. Supp. 128 (S.D.N.Y. 1952) . 2023-04-18 . Justia Law . en.
17. Birmingham . Kevin . 2013 . The Prestige of the Law: Revisiting Obscenity Law and Judge Woolsey's "Ulysses" Decision . James Joyce Quarterly . 50 . 4 . 991–1009 . 24598724 . 0021-4183.
18. News: Dunlap . David W. . 2016-06-30 . 1971 Supreme Court Allows Publication of Pentagon Papers . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-18 . 0362-4331.
19. News: Hurtado . Patricia . 2011-02-02 . Maersk Pirate’s Lawyers Seek 27-Year Prison Term . en . Bloomberg.com . 2023-10-27.
20. Forrest . Katherine B. . August 23, 2017 . Matt Hosseinzadeh, Plaintiff, v. Ethan Klein and Hila Klein, Defendants . United States District Court, S.D. New York . cv-3081 . December 12, 2017 . Katherine B. Forrest.
21. Hamilton, Colby. "Cohen's 'Blind Loyalty' Leads to 3-Year Prison Term", New York Law Journal via Law.com, December 12, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
22. Web site: December 12, 2018 . Ex-Trump lawyer Cohen jailed for 36 months . December 12, 2018 . BBC News . en-GB.
23. Web site: Feibleman v. Trs. of Columbia Univ. in N.Y., 19-CV-4327 (VEC) Casetext Search + Citator . 2023-03-21 . casetext.com.
24. Web site: Reality Show Cast Member Jennifer Shah Sentenced to 78 Months in Prison for Running Nationwide Telemarketing Fraud Scheme . January 6, 2023 .
25. | docket = 22-cv-10016
26. Web site: Future Judicial Vacancies United States Courts . January 6, 2024. www.uscourts.gov . en.