Tyrannides Explained

Tyrannides (New World suboscines) is a clade of passerine birds that are endemic to the Americas.^[1] The group likely originated in South America during the Eocene, about 45 million years ago.^[2]

Taxonomy

The Tyrannides is divided into two clades (Furnariida and Tyrannida) that contain eleven families.^{[3] [4]} The families listed here are those recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC).^[5]

• Pipridae: manakins
• Cotingidae: cotingas
• Tityridae: tityras, sharpbill, becards (includes Oxyruncus and Onychorhynchus)
• Tyrannidae: tyrant-flycatchers (includes Piprites, Platyrinchus, Tachuris and Rhynchocyclus)
• Melanopareiidae: crescent chests
• Conopophagidae: gnateaters and gnatpittas
• Thamnophilidae: antbirds
• Grallariidae: antpittas
• Rhinocryptidae: tapaculos
• Formicariidae: antthrushes
• Furnariidae: ovenbirds and woodcreepers (includes Dendrocolaptidae)

Phylogeny

The cladogram below showing the family level phylogenetic relationships of the Tyrannides is based on a molecular genetic study by Carl Oliveros and collaborators published in 2019.^[4] The families and species numbers are from the list maintained by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC).^[5]

Notes and References

1. Ohlson, J.I. et al. (2013) Phylogeny and classification of the New World suboscines (Aves, Passeriformes). Zootaxa, 3613:1-35. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.1.1.
2. Claramunt . S. . Cracraft . J. . A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds . Science Advances . 2015 . 1 . 11 . e1501005 . 10.1126/sciadv.1501005. 4730849 .
3. Selvatti, A.P. et al. (2015) A Paleogene origin for crown passerines and the diversification of the Oscines in the New World. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 88:1-15.
4. Oliveros . C.H. . etal . 2019 . Earth history and the passerine superradiation . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 116 . 16 . 7916–7925 . 10.1073/pnas.1813206116 . 30936315 . free . 6475423 .
5. Web site: Gill . Frank . Frank Gill (ornithologist) . Donsker . David . Rasmussen . Pamela . Pamela Rasmussen . 2020 . Family Index . IOC World Bird List Version 10.1 . International Ornithologists' Union . 24 April 2020 .