Typhoon Sanba Explained

Typhoon Sanba (Karen)
Formed:September 10, 2012
Extratropical:September 18, 2012
Dissipated:September 19, 2012
Winds:110
Pressure:900
Winds:155
Pressure:907
Basin:Wpac
Year:2012
Fatalities:6
Damages:361000000
Areas:Philippines, Japan, Korea, Russia
Season:2012 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Sanba, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Karen, was the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide in 2012. The sixteenth named storm and tenth typhoon of the annual typhoon season, Sanba formed as a tropical depression east of the Philippines on September 10. The storm gradually intensified as it moved generally northward in an area favorable for tropical development. The system was soon upgraded to a tropical storm less than a day after formation and subsequently further to a typhoon on September 12. Later that day, Sanba entered a phase of rapid intensification, and quickly strengthened. On September 13, the system attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h), and a barometric pressure of 900 mbar (hPa; 26.58 inHg), becoming the strongest typhoon in the Western Pacific Ocean since Megi in 2010. Accelerating towards more northerly latitudes, a period of gradual weakening ensued afterwards as its eye expanded. It made landfall on South Korea late on September 17 as a typhoon before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone the following day. Sanba's remnants tracked into the Primorsky Krai region of eastern Russia before they were last noted on September 19.

Passing just to the west of Japan, Sanba caused extensive losses to agriculture, forestry, and fishing industries on the islands of Okinawa Prefecture. Further inland on Kōchi and Gifu Prefectures, heavy rains damaged agricultural regions and washed out numerous roads. Losses on both prefectures totalled to ¥2.5 billion (US$31.8 million). Upon its landfall on the Korean Peninsula on September 17, it became the first time in 50 years that the peninsula had been struck by at least four typhoons in a single year.[1] In South Korea, torrential rainfall also washed out road systems and inundated crop land, as well as damaged infrastructure. Losses there associated with Sanba totaled to ₩365.7 billion (US$328 million). In North Korea, the heavy precipitation worsened preexisting flood conditions initially started by Tropical Storm Khanun two months prior. In all, the typhoon killed six people and caused US$361 million in losses.

Meteorological history

On September 9, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started to monitor an area of convection approximately 150nmi to the east of Palau. At the time, its low-level circulation center had been developing under persisting deep convection, and was under an environment of moderate to strong vertical wind shear offset by strong, diffluent easterly flow.[2] By the next day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) had upgraded the system into a tropical depression.[3] As it continued to organize, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the system at 14:00 UTC on the same day.[4] 7 hours later, the agency started issuing advisories on the depression, designating it as 17W.[5] By September 11, the depression intensified into a tropical storm, with the JMA naming the system as Sanba.[6] The PAGASA had also started issuing advisories on the storm, handing its Philippine name Karen.[7] Nine hours later, the JTWC also upgraded Sanba to a tropical storm, as its convective banding deepened and wrapped tighter to its low-level circulation center.[8]

As wind shear decreased, Sanba continued to strengthen as it moved northwestward.[9] At 06:00 UTC on September 12, the JMA upgraded Sanba to a severe tropical storm.[10] Six hours later, Sanba intensified into a typhoon, as it formed a pinhole eye.[10] [11] The system then started its rapid intensification, becoming a Category 2-equivalent typhoon on the Saffir-Simpson scale at 03:00 UTC on the next day,[12] before becoming a Category 4-equivalent typhoon six hours later, with a 18nmi eye present on satellite imagery. This was owed to the favorable environment the storm was in, with sea surface temperatures, low wind shear, radial outflow, an excellent poleward outflow being enhanced by a tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) to the northwest, as well as a subtropical low southeast of Honshu, and an equatorial channel.[13] Sanba ultimately reached its peak intensity at 18:00 UTC that same day, with 10-minute sustained winds of 110kn and a central pressure of 900hPa, according to the JMA.[14] The JTWC estimated Sanba to have 1-minute sustained winds of 155kn, making the storm a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon.[10]

On September 14, Sanba showed signs of undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle, as concentric rings were seen in microwave imagery.[15] It later weakened into a Category 4-equivalent typhoon at 15:00 UTC that same day, due to wind shear increasing once again as it continued northward.[16] By the next day, it further weakened into a Category 3-equivalent typhoon, as dry air had started to encircle the system while it redeveloped its eye.[17] A 25nmi eye soon reappeared on satellite imagery, with the subtropical jet stream enhancing its poleward outflow as it turned to the north-northwest under the influence of a deep-layered subtropical ridge positioned to the east of Japan.[18] Sanba later exited the Philippine Area of Responsibility, with the PAGASA issuing its last advisory on the storm.[19]

At 6:30 am JST on September 16 (21:30 UTC September 15), Sanba made landfall over Okinawa.[20] Sanba then further weakened to a Category 2-equivalent typhoon, as higher amounts of wind shear began affecting its northwestern quadrant, along with decreasing sea surface temperatures.[21] As it continued weakening, the tight banding into its ragged eye began to unravel, with strong poleward outflow continuing to sustain the system as wind shear became even stronger as it got embedded into the subtropical jet stream.[22] By the next day, it weakened into a Category 1-equivalent typhoon, as it commenced its extratropical transition.[23] Around 11:30 am KST (02:30 UTC), Sanba made landfall over Namhae County, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.[24] The JMA downgraded Sanba to a severe tropical storm 3 hours later, before the JTWC subsequently issued their final advisory on the system.[25] [26] Turning to the north-northeast and emerging into the Sea of Japan, Sanba further weakened into a tropical storm.[27] By September 18, Sanba transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, as it moved over Russia.[28]

Preparations and impact

Philippines

As Sanba was developing on September 10, flash flooding in Malaybalay, Bukidnon caused 53 families to be evacuated. No casualties nor damages were reported. A landslide occurred two days later in Hinabangan, Samar, where two houses were partially damaged, but no casualties were also reported.[29]

Locally known as Karen, it enhanced the southwest monsoon affecting the Philippines, which caused flooding over parts of Metro Manila on September 15. The continued heavy rainfall also forced 300 families in Quezon City to be evacuated, along with 120 residents in San Juan. 10 domestic flights were also cancelled due to the heavy rains.[30]

In Southern Leyte, a 70 year-old fisherman drowned amid bad weather conditions brought by the storm.[31]

Japan

In Okinawa, more than 67,000 homes lost power, with flooding reported in some areas in the island as Sanba passed over on September 16. A man drowned while swimming in high waves off southern Nagasaki.[32] Damage to agriculture, forestry, and fisheries amounted to ¥947 million (US$12.1 million).[33] In Kōchi Prefecture, 222ha of agricultural land was damaged by the storm, with losses reaching ¥50 million (US$640,000).[34] Heavy rains from the storm in Gifu Prefecture triggered numerous landslides and caused significant flooding that washed out hundreds of roads. Losses in the prefecture reached ¥1.5 billion (US$19.1 million).[35]

South Korea

As Sanba approached South Korea, typhoon warnings were issued to most of the country, including Seoul. More than 1,100 people were forced to evacuate their homes, and 380,000 households experienced power outage as the storm moved over the country.[36]

Heavy rains from the storm washed out numerous roads and flooded cropland.[37] More than 200mm of rain were received in the southern regions of the country during Sanba's passage.[36] Numerous structures along rivers were damaged or destroyed by flooding. Across the nation, four people were killed and the damage from the typhoon reached ₩365.7 billion (US$328 million).[37]

Russia

The extratropical remnants of Sanba brought flooding to Primorsky Krai. In Artyom, more than 300ha of crops were inundated. Preliminary losses over the region were estimated to be ₽40 million (US$1.29 million).[38]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Yonhap News Agency.
  2. September 9, 2012. 1900Z. abpw. 1. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abpw10.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20120910064815/http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABPW10-PGTW_201209091900.htm. September 10, 2012. August 26, 2023.
  3. WWJP25 RJTD 100000. Japan Meteorological Agency. September 10, 2012. May 23, 2024. https://archive.today/20240523130832/https://www.webcitation.org/6AZF2Nwm7?url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ww/wwjp25.rjtd..txt. August 26, 2023.
  4. September 10, 2012. 1400Z. tcfa. 98W. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn21.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523125828/https://www.webcitation.org/6AamZOO7h?url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn21.pgtw..txt. May 23, 2024. August 26, 2023.
  5. September 10, 2012. warn. TD. 17W. Seventeen. 1. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20120911063240/http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201209102100.htm. September 11, 2012. August 26, 2023.
  6. RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 110000. Japan Meteorological Agency. September 11, 2012. September 11, 2012. https://archive.today/20120911062925/http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201209110000.htm. August 26, 2023.
  7. Tropical Depression "KAREN" Weather Bulletin Number ONE. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. September 11, 2012. September 11, 2012. https://archive.today/20120911063457/http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/TCUPDATE_201209110300.htm. August 26, 2023.
  8. September 11, 2012. prog. TS. 17W. Sanba. 3. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523125950/https://www.webcitation.org/6AcHDQUkJ?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201209110900.htm. May 23, 2024. August 26, 2023.
  9. September 11, 2012. prog. TS. 17W. Sanba. 5. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523125907/https://www.webcitation.org/6AcHDDQ6V?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201209112100.htm. May 23, 2024. August 26, 2023.
  10. Web site: [{{IBTRACS url|id=2012254N09135}} 2012 Super Typhoon SANBA (2012254N09135)]. International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) Project. August 26, 2023.
  11. September 12, 2012. prog. TY. 17W. Sanba. 7. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523130027/https://www.webcitation.org/6AdsCi0Uv?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201209120900.htm. May 23, 2024. August 26, 2023.
  12. September 13, 2012. prog. TY. 17W. Sanba. 10. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523130106/https://www.webcitation.org/6AdsCSAmu?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201209130300.htm. May 23, 2024. August 26, 2023.
  13. September 13, 2012. prog. TY. 17W. Sanba. 11. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523130309/https://www.webcitation.org/6AfK63wNV?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201209130900.htm. May 23, 2024. August 26, 2023.
  14. RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 131800. Japan Meteorological Agency. September 13, 2012. May 23, 2024. https://archive.today/20240523130150/https://www.webcitation.org/6AfJufoDK?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201209131800.htm. August 26, 2023.
  15. September 14, 2012. prog. STY. 17W. Sanba. 14. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523130232/https://www.webcitation.org/6AfK5q5Nq?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201209140300.htm. May 23, 2024. August 26, 2023.
  16. September 14, 2012. prog. STY. 17W. Sanba. 16. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523130630/https://www.webcitation.org/6AiS9M9ii?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201209141500.htm. May 23, 2024. August 26, 2023.
  17. September 15, 2012. prog. TY. 17W. Sanba. 18. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523130549/https://www.webcitation.org/6AiS8zCDE?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201209150300.htm. May 23, 2024. August 26, 2023.
  18. September 15, 2012. prog. TY. 17W. Sanba. 19. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523130509/https://www.webcitation.org/6AiS8nsmT?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201209150900.htm. May 23, 2024. August 26, 2023.
  19. Typhoon "KAREN" (SANBA) Weather Bulletin Number TEN (FINAL). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. September 15, 2012. May 23, 2024. https://archive.today/20240523130353/https://www.webcitation.org/6AiRzEWUJ?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/TCUPDATE_201209151445.htm. August 26, 2023.
  20. News: Powerful typhoon rumbles over Japanese island of Okinawa. Judson Jones. September 17, 2012. CNN. August 27, 2023.
  21. September 16, 2012. prog. TY. 17W. Sanba. 22. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523130427/https://www.webcitation.org/6AiS8FArK?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201209160300.htm. May 23, 2024. August 27, 2023.
  22. September 16, 2012. prog. TY. 17W. Sanba. 24. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523130750/https://www.webcitation.org/6AjtBnxwV?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201209161500.htm. May 23, 2024. August 27, 2023.
  23. September 17, 2012. prog. TY. 17W. Sanba. 26. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt. https://archive.today/20240523130709/https://www.webcitation.org/6AjtBfCs6?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201209170300.htm. May 23, 2024. August 27, 2023.
  24. 7th Integrated Workshop Member Report : Republic of Korea. Korea Meteorological Administration. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. December 20, 2023.
  25. RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 170600. Japan Meteorological Agency. September 17, 2012. September 18, 2012. http://web.archive.org/web/20120918000000/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt. August 27, 2023. MT Archive. Alt URL
  26. September 17, 2012. warn. TS. 17W. Sanba. 27. http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt. http://web.archive.org/web/20120918000000/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt. September 18, 2012. August 27, 2023. Alt URL
  27. RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 171200. Japan Meteorological Agency. September 17, 2012. September 18, 2012. http://web.archive.org/web/20120918000000/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt. August 27, 2023. MT Archive. Alt URL
  28. RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 180000. Japan Meteorological Agency. September 18, 2012. September 19, 2012. http://web.archive.org/web/20120919000000/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt. August 27, 2023. MT Archive. Alt URL
  29. Sitrep No. 12 re: Effects of the Typhoon "KAREN" (SANBA) enhanced by Southwest Monsoon. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. September 17, 2012. August 27, 2023. ReliefWeb.
  30. News: Torrential rains cause MM floods. Evelyn Macairan. Philippine Star. September 16, 2012. August 27, 2023.
  31. News: NDRRMC: 70-yr-old Leyte fisherman Typhoon Karen's 1st fatality. GMA News. September 17, 2012. August 27, 2023.
  32. News: Typhoon Sanba batters 2 Koreas after drenching Japan. Associated Press. National Post. September 17, 2012. August 27, 2023.
  33. Web site: 琉球新報. Yahoo! News. September 20, 2012. September 20, 2012. ja:台風１６号被害 ９億円超 県内引き続き調査. http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120920-00000016-ryu-oki. ja. https://archive.today/20130218231957/http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120920-00000016-ryu-oki. February 18, 2013. dead.
  34. Web site: 毎日新聞. Yahoo! News. September 20, 2012. September 20, 2012. ja:行政ファイル：台風１６号の県内被害は５０００万円 ／高知. http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120920-00000288-mailo-l39. ja. https://archive.today/20130218180354/http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20120920-00000288-mailo-l39. February 18, 2013. dead.
  35. Web site: 多園尚樹 . Chunichi Shimbun . September 25, 2012 . September 25, 2012 . ja:台風１６号被害、西濃中心に１５億円 . http://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/gifu/20120925/CK2012092502000015.html . ja . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120929041848/http://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/gifu/20120925/CK2012092502000015.html . September 29, 2012 .
  36. News: Typhoon Sanba causes property damage. The Korea Times. September 17, 2012. August 27, 2023.
  37. News: Chosun Ilbo . August 19, 2018 . August 19, 2018 . ko:강한 태풍 '솔릭' 한반도 접근 중...'관통하는 태풍'은 6년 만 . https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2018/08/19/2018081900517.html . ko .
  38. News: Interfax . September 19, 2012 . September 19, 2012 . ru:Ущерб фермерам Приморья от тайфуна "Санба" оценивается в 40 млн руб . https://www.interfax-russia.ru/far-east/news/ushcherb-fermeram-primorya-ot-tayfuna-sanba-ocenivaetsya-v-40-mln-rub . ru .

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