Typhoon Nanmadol (2022) Explained

Typhoon Nanmadol (Josie)
Formed:September 9, 2022
Extratropical:September 19, 2022
Dissipated:September 20, 2022
Winds:105
Pressure:910
Winds:135
Pressure:916
Basin:WPac
Year:2022
Fatalities:5 total
Damage:1200000000
Areas:Japan, South Korea, Philippines
Ibtracs:2022256N22139
Refs:[1]
Season:2022 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Nanmadol, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Josie, was a powerful tropical cyclone that impacted Japan. The fourteenth named storm, seventh typhoon, and second super typhoon of the 2022 Pacific typhoon season and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2022, Nanmadol originated from a disturbance to the east of Iwo Jima which the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated as a tropical depression on September 12. Later that same day, upon attaining tropical storm strength, it was named Nanmadol by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).

The storm gradually became better organized, with its sustained winds reaching typhoon strength two days later. It then underwent rapid intensification, with its wind speed increasing by . Nanmadol peaked with winds of and a central pressure of on September 17, and also briefly entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, where it received the name Josie. Following peak intensity, the storm began an eyewall replacement cycle and tracked north towards Japan, where it made landfall on Southern Kyushu on September 18. Later, Nanmadol became a severe tropical storm on September 19, before transitioning into an extratropical low early the next day.

In preparation for the storm, more than half a million people were evacuated in Japan, a rare "special warning" was issued for Kagoshima by the JMA. In Kagoshima, 8,000 fled their homes, with another 12,000 in evacuation shelters. In South Korea, 7,000 households also experienced power outages. Four deaths were attributed to Nanmadol, all in Japan, and more than 115 people were injured, with most just being minor injuries.[2]

Meteorological history

The origins of Typhoon Nanmadol can be traced back to an area of disturbed weather on September 9.[3] The disturbance favorable for development, being offset by warm sea surface temperatures of around 29-. A tropical depression developed, according to the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).[4] Satellite imagery revealed an obscure low-level circulation center. Microwave imaging indicated a low-level circulation with a deep convection.[5] Formative banding blossomed around the disturbance and a LLC appeared on Himawari 8.[6] At 02:00 UTC on September 12, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert to the disturbance.[7] Later around the same day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and classified it as Tropical Depression 16W.[8] A broad low-level circulation with a disorganized over its convective.[9] Six hours later, the JMA and the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, with the JMA assigning the name Nanmadol (2214) for the system.[10] [11] The low-level banding wrapped in the deepening LLC.[12] Nanmadol quickly intensified, and was upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA on September 14.[13] Microwave imaging revealed a well-defined banding feeder from the north and south on the storm's quadrants.[14] Early the next day, the JTWC upgraded Nanmadol to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon, approximately 578nmi east-southeast of Kadena Air Base.[15] Convective banding and a ragged eye formed. Similarly, the JMA further upgraded Nanmadol to a typhoon.[16] A central convection had dense, along with having colder convective tops.[17]

Nanmadol strengthened to a Category 2-equivalent typhoon after the inner core became more organized.[18] On September 16, the storm became a Category 3-equivalent typhoon and an eye that was trying to cleared out.[19] Then, it rapidly strengthened into a Category 4-equivalent typhoon as it maintained a sharply-outlined eye around the eyewall.[20] At around 15:00 UTC, the JTWC classified Nanmadol as a super typhoon.[21]

The JMA estimating a minimum central pressure of 910hPa.[22] Nanmadol entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, and was named Josie before eventually exiting 5 hours later.[23] Multispectral animated satellite imagery revealed a surrounded eye around a deep convection.[24] The next day, Nanmadol weakened back to a Category 4-equivalent typhoon.[25] Satellite imagery revealed a rapid weakening on the system.[26] At 03:00 UTC on September 18, the JTWC further downgraded it to a Category 3-equivalent typhoon.[27] Nanmadol weakened further into a Category 2-equivalent typhoon as its structural strength began to rapidly deteriorate.[28] Nanmadol's were estimated at just, which made it a Category 1-equivalent typhoon and made landfall over Southern Kyushu and a second landfall just south of Kagoshima around 18:00 UTC.[29] [30] At 00:00 UTC on September 19, the JMA downgraded Nanmadol to a severe tropical storm.[31] The JTWC followed suit later that day, and declaring it tropical storm.[32] Satellite imagery revealed a swallowing convection shearing in the northeastwards.[33] At 21:00 UTC that day, the JTWC issued their final warning on the system.[34] The JMA issued its last advisory on Nanmadol, and declared it an extratropical low on September 20.[35]

Preparations and Impact

Japan

Nanmadol was forecasted to be among the top five strongest typhoons to hit Japan.[36] It was also predicted to interact with a jet stream, enhancing the risk of already concerning flooding.[37] A rare special warning was issued for Kagoshima by the JMA; before Nanmadol, these warnings were never issued outside of Okinawa. Japan Airlines and All Nippon Airways cancelled 700 flights,[38] and train services experienced severe delays.[39] Areas affected by Typhoon Hinnamnor two weeks prior were also anticipated to be under Nanmadol's influence.[40] Overall, nearly 7 million people were ordered to evacuate as the storm approached.[41] Of those 7 million, at least 965,000 were in Miyazaki, Kagoshima, and Amakusa. The highest alert on Japan's warning scale, level five, was issued for the city of Nishinoomote.[42]

Throughout the afternoon of September 18, Miyazaki saw over 15 inches of rain (381 mm) fall, where the JMA noted it was "raining like never before". Power lines were downed across affected areas, and at least 190,000 had experienced power outages[43] as Nanmadol passed. In Kagoshima, over 8,000 fled their homes with another 12,000 in evacuation shelters. Prime Minister Fumio Kishida mobilized police, firefighters, self-defense forces and another authorities in affected regions.[44] Several rivers in four prefectures, Kagoshima, Oita, Miyazaki and Kumamoto, went above flood risk levels. 100 dams were pre-discharged to prevent flooding, a higher number than the 76 discharged for Typhoon Haishen.[45] From September 15 to 19, 935mm of rainfall fell in Minamigo, and 784mm in Morozuka Village, and 669mm in Tojo City.[46]

At least 114 people were injured as Nanmadol passed.[47] At least most injuries were minor.[2] A crane from a construction site in Koryo-ocho had broken and nearly fell. Trees were fallen in affected areas, and many houses were damaged, injuring many residents in cities. Cars were trapped in roads due to flooding, and some people had to climb to the roof of their vehicles. A landslide in Tojo city left a road impassable. A nursing home was flooded in Nobeoka city, and temporary shelter buildings were blown away in Miyazaki city. In the latter city's prefecture, a month's worth of rain was dumped in a day.[48] [47] The highest rainfall total reached more than 39 inches of rainfall in Misato Town.[49] Higher-risk reinsurance arrangements were affected by Nanmadol.[50] At least four people were reported as killed in the country.[51]

South Korea

Although South Korea was not directly hit by the typhoon,[52] the winds and rain caused by Nanmadol also caused inconvenience. Two people were injured, fallen trees were reported, and some locations in the southeast of the country were left without electricity.[53] Nanmadol brought heavy rains in the Southeastern Gyeongsang.[54] 7,000 households also experienced a power outages.[55] Over 50 vessels in 43 routes were suspended. President Yoon Suk-yeol instructed his officials to maintain readiness on the storm.[56] In Busan, 155 people and 103 households were evacuated from their homes. Schools in Busan and Ulsan transitioned to distance learning due to safety concerns.[57] Some 101 passenger vessels, and over 79 routes in southern coast were suspended.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Q3 Global Catastrophe Recap . . October 21, 2022.
  2. Web site: 2022-09-20 . Typhoon Nanmadol: Storm damages space centre in Japan, 130,000 still lack power . 2023-03-15 . The Indian Express . en.
  3. September 9, 2022. 13Z. abpw. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt. live. 2017-12-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20171221082438/http://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt. Alt URL
  4. Web site: WWJP27 RJTD 090000 . Japan Meteorological Agency . 28 June 2022 . https://archive.today/20220909030720/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwjp27.rjtd..txt. 9 September 2022 . 9 September 2022.
  5. September 10, 2022. 06Z. abpw. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt. live. 2017-12-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20171221082438/http://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt. Alt URL
  6. September 11, 2022. 06Z. abpw. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt. live. 2017-12-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20171221082438/http://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt. Alt URL
  7. September 12, 2022. tcfa. 92W. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp9222web.txt. live. 2022-09-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20220912023432/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp9222web.txt. Alt URL
  8. September 12, 2022. warn. TD. 16W. 01. Sixteen. https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2022-09-12-2040-wp1622web.txt.
  9. September 13, 2022. prog. TD. 16W. 02. Sixteen. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 13, 2022. https://archive.today/20220913083807/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20220913/030000/A_WDPN33PGTW130300_C_RJTD_20220913025702_2.txt.
  10. September 13, 2022. prog. TS. 16W. 05. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 14, 2022. https://archive.today/20220914032757/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20220913/210000/A_WDPN33PGTW132100_C_RJTD_20220913212417_30.txt.
  11. Web site: September 13, 2022 . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory Name TS 2214 Nanmadol (2214) Upgraded from TD . https://archive.today/20220914032221/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20220913/180000/A_WTPQ52RJTD131800_C_RJTD_20220913192217_86.txt. September 14, 2022. September 13, 2022 . Japan Meteorological Agency.
  12. September 14, 2022. prog. TS. 16W. 06. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 14, 2022. https://archive.today/20220914031743/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  13. Web site: September 13, 2022 . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory Name STS 2214 Nanmadol (2214) Upgraded from TS. https://archive.today/20220915032745/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20220914/180000/A_WTPQ52RJTD141800_C_RJTD_20220914184417_86.txt. September 15, 2022. September 15, 2022 . Japan Meteorological Agency.
  14. September 14, 2022. prog. TS. 16W. 09. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 15, 2022. https://archive.today/20220915034152/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  15. September 15, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 11. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 15, 2022. https://archive.today/20220915155005/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20220915/090000/A_WDPN33PGTW150900_C_RJTD_20220915092217_53.txt.
  16. Web site: September 15, 2022 . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory Name TY 2214 Nanmadol (2214) Upgraded from STS. https://archive.today/20220915151722/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq52.rjtd..txt. September 15, 2022 . September 15, 2022 . Japan Meteorological Agency.
  17. September 15, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 12. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 15, 2022. https://archive.today/20220915152310/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  18. September 15, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 13. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 16, 2022. https://archive.today/20220916025435/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  19. September 16, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 14. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 16, 2022. https://archive.today/20220916025435/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  20. September 16, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 15. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 16, 2022. https://archive.today/20220916081746/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  21. September 16, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 16. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 16, 2022. https://archive.today/20220916143716/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  22. Web site: September 16, 2022 . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory Name TY 2214 Nanmadol (2214). https://archive.today/20220917022558/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20220916/180000/A_WTPQ52RJTD161800_C_RJTD_20220916184216_48.txt. September 17, 2022 . September 17, 2022 . Japan Meteorological Agency.
  23. September 16, 2022. Josie. Nanmadol. tcb. 1F. STY. https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/tamss/weather/bulletin_josie.pdf. https://web.archive.org/web/20220916000000/https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/tamss/weather/bulletin_josie.pdf. September 16, 2022. Alt URL
  24. September 16, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 17. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 17, 2022. https://archive.today/20220917021821/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  25. September 17, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 20. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 17, 2022. https://archive.today/20220917144525/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  26. September 17, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 21. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 18, 2022. https://archive.today/20220918031500/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20220917/210000/A_WDPN33PGTW172100_C_RJTD_20220917205518_70.txt.
  27. September 18, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 22. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 18, 2022. https://archive.today/20220918031010/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  28. September 18, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 23. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 18, 2022. https://archive.today/20220918084127/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  29. September 18, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 24. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 18, 2022. https://archive.today/20220918143141/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  30. September 18, 2022. prog. TY. 16W. 25. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 19, 2022. https://archive.today/20220919022116/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  31. Web site: September 16, 2022 . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory Name STS 2214 Nanmadol (2214) Downgraded from TY. https://archive.today/20220919021910/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq52.rjtd..txt. September 19, 2022 . September 19, 2022 . Japan Meteorological Agency.
  32. September 19, 2022. prog. TS. 16W. 26. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 19, 2022. https://archive.today/20220919024532/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1622prog.txt.
  33. September 19, 2022. prog. TS. 16W. 27. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 19, 2022. https://archive.today/20220919092537/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn33.pgtw..txt.
  34. September 19, 2022. warn. TS. 16W. 29. Nanmadol. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp1422web.txt. live. September 20, 2022. https://archive.today/20220920022614/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpn33.pgtw..txt.
  35. Web site: September 20, 2022 . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory Name Developed Low Former STS 2214 Nanmadol (2214). https://archive.today/20220920022458/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq52.rjtd..txt. September 20, 2022 . September 20, 2022 . Japan Meteorological Agency.
  36. Web site: Duff . Renee . September 16, 2022 . Japan braces for flooding, destructive winds from Super Typhoon Nanmadol . September 26, 2022 . September 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220916205109/https://www.accuweather.com/en/hurricane/japan-braces-for-flooding-destructive-winds-from-super-typhoon-nanmadol/1248179 . live .
  37. Web site: Wulfeck . Andrew . 2022-09-16 . Super typhoon takes aim at Japan with life-threatening flooding, damaging winds . 2022-09-17 . FOX Weather . en-US . 2022-09-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220916222412/https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/super-typhoon-nanmadol . live .
  38. Web site: 日本放送協会 . 台風14号【交通】新幹線 運転取りやめ拡大へ 空の欠航700便超 NHK . 2022-09-18 . NHKニュース . 2022-09-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220918151813/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220919/k10013825291000.html . live .
  39. Web site: Traylor . Daniel . 2022-09-17 . Japan issues rare special warning as 'violent' Typhoon Nanmadol approaches Kyushu . 2022-09-17 . The Japan Times . en-US . 2022-09-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220916230848/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/09/17/national/typhoon-nanmadol-rapid-intensification/ . live .
  40. News: Yoon . John . 2022-09-17 . Japan Warns 'Violent Typhoon' Could Hit on Sunday . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-09-17 . 0362-4331 . 2022-09-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220917101405/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/17/world/asia/japan-typhoon-nanmadol.html . live .
  41. Web site: AFP . 2022-09-18 . Rare 'special warning' issued as violent typhoon makes landfall in Japan . 2022-09-19 . the Guardian . en . 2022-09-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220918223744/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/18/japan-typhoon-landfall-special-warning . live .
  42. Web site: Hauser . Jessie Yeung,Sahar Akbarzai,Jennifer . 2022-09-18 . Millions told to evacuate as Typhoon Nanmadol heads for Japan . 2022-09-18 . CNN . en . 2022-09-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220918020938/https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/17/asia/japan-typhoon-nanmadol-intl-hnk/index.html . live .
  43. News: Hida . Hikari . Yoon . John . 2022-09-18 . Powerful Typhoon Thrashes Japan, With Millions Told to Evacuate . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-09-18 . 0362-4331 . 2022-09-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220918094025/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/18/world/asia/typhoon-nanmadol-japan.html . live .
  44. Web site: Bacon . John . 'Raining like never before': Thousands flee as Typhoon Nanmadol slams Japanese coast . 2022-09-18 . USA TODAY . en-US . 2022-09-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220918134922/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2022/09/18/japan-typhoon-nanmadol-hurricane/10419166002/ . live .
  45. Web site: 日本放送協会 . 台風14号【氾濫危険水位超の河川】(19日0:30) NHK . 2022-09-18 . NHKニュース . 2022-09-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220918133638/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220918/k10013825201000.html . live .
  46. Web site: 日本放送協会 . 台風14号 九州ほぼ全域が暴風域 中国 四国地方も雨風強まる NHK . 2022-09-18 . NHKニュース . 2022-09-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220918033437/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220917/k10013823261000.html . live .
  47. Web site: 2022-09-20 . Four feared dead after typhoon hits Japan . 2022-09-20 . www.dhakatribune.com . en . 2022-09-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173045/https://www.dhakatribune.com/asia/2022/09/20/four-feared-dead-after-typhoon-hits-japan . live .
  48. Web site: 日本放送協会 . 台風14号【各地の被害】全国で43人けが 突風による被害も NHK . 2022-09-19 . NHKニュース . 2022-09-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919033410/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220918/k10013823491000.html . live .
  49. News: Zach . Rosenthal . September 19, 2022 . Typhoon Nanmadol slams into Japan, killing at least two . .
  50. Web site: Artemis.bm . Steven Evans- . 2022-09-20 . Typhoon Nanmadol loss likely to attach some reinsurance layers: Twelve - Artemis.bm . 2022-09-20 . Artemis.bm - The Catastrophe Bond, Insurance Linked Securities & Investment, Reinsurance Capital, Alternative Risk Transfer and Weather Risk Management site . English . 2022-09-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920070117/https://www.artemis.bm/news/typhoon-nanmadol-loss-likely-to-attach-some-reinsurance-layers-twelve/ . live .
  51. Web site: Welle (www.dw.com) . Deutsche . Japan cleans up after Typhoon Nanmadol leaves 4 dead DW 20.09.2022 . 2022-09-26 . DW.COM . en-GB . 2022-09-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220924133813/https://www.dw.com/en/japan-cleans-up-after-typhoon-nanmadol-leaves-4-dead/a-63177872 . live .
  52. Web site: Woo-hyun . Shim . 2022-09-19 . Typhoon Nanmadol hits southern coastal areas of S. Korea . 2022-09-26 . The Korea Herald . en.
  53. Web site: 1 person injured, hundreds evacuated as Typhoon Nanmadol nears . September 19, 2022 . 19 September 2022 . Korea Herald . 19 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919012637/https://m.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20220919000125 . live .
  54. Web site: 2022-09-19 . One injured, hundreds evacuated in Korea as Typhoon Nanmadol approaches . 2022-09-26 . koreajoongangdaily.joins.com . en . 2022-09-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220925045922/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2022/09/19/national/socialAffairs/Korea-typhoon-Nanmadol/20220919112924069.html . live .
  55. Web site: 2022-09-19 . Typhoon Nanmadol brushes past nation's southern region . 2022-09-26 . koreatimes . en . 2022-09-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220923150137/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2022/09/371_336302.html . live .
  56. Web site: 박보람 . 2022-09-18 . (LEAD) Yoon calls for thorough readiness for Typhoon Nanmadol . 2022-09-26 . Yonhap News Agency . en . 2022-09-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919083146/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20220918000851315 . live .
  57. Web site: 장동우 . 2022-09-19 . (2nd LD) 2 people injured, hundreds evacuated as Typhoon Nanmadol brushes past S. Korea . 2022-09-26 . Yonhap News Agency . en.

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