Typhoon Maysak (2020) Explained

Typhoon Maysak (Julian)
Formed:August 27, 2020
Extratropical:September 3, 2020
Dissipated:September 7, 2020
Winds:95
Pressure:935
Winds:120
Pressure:930
Basin:WPac
Fatalities:46 total
Damages:100000000
Year:2020
Areas:Philippines, Korean Peninsula, Japan, Northeast China, Russian Far East
Season:2020 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Maysak, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Julian, was a deadly, damaging and powerful tropical cyclone that struck the Ryukyu Islands and the Korean Peninsula in September 2020. The third typhoon of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season, Maysak formed from a tropical disturbance. The disturbance gradually organized, receiving the name Julian from PAGASA as it became a tropical depression. As the depression strengthened, the JMA subsequently named the system Maysak. Maysak rapidly intensified into a strong typhoon before weakening and making landfall in South Korea.

Maysak was the second of three typhoons to affect the Korean Peninsula within two weeks, the others being Bavi and Haishen. It was also responsible for the loss of a livestock carrier Gulf Livestock 1, that sank 100 nautical miles West off from Amami Ōshima, Japan on September 2, 2020, taking 41 out of the 43 crew members on board.

Meteorological history

Following the impacts of Typhoon Bavi on the Korean peninsula in August 2020, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) began to anticipate the development of a new tropical cyclone with the potential to be stronger and more damaging for the region than Bavi.[1] The KMA assessed a high probability of the storm's development, but noted that its future impacts were uncertain;[2] the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) also determined that there was a high likelihood of a "significant tropical cyclone" developing.[3] Maysak's precursor disturbance was an area of low pressure over the western Pacific east of the Philippines.[4] At 06:00 UTC on August 27, the Japan Meteorological Agency determined that a nearly stationary tropical depression had formed near 15°N, 132°E.[5] The JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the system around the same time.[6] The newly formed system was located in an environment conducive to storm development, including warm sea surface temperatures and low vertical wind shear.[7] Clusters of atmospheric convection emerged around the storm's center, comprising formative rainbands wrapping into the developing circulation.[8] [9] Early on August 28, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assessed the system as a tropical depression with the local name Julian.[10] At 06:00 UTC, the JMA assessed the tropical depression to have strengthened into a tropical storm, assigning it with the name Maysak. By this time, outflow had become established and curvature of the Maysak's rainbands became apparent on satellite imagery.[11] The storm's cloud tops cooled substantially, indicative of further consolidation of its circulation.[12] Maysak became a severe tropical storm twelve hours later.[13] Maysak became a typhoon by 12:00 UTC on August 29 according to the JMA after developing an eye. The storm also began to move towards the north in response to a nearby subtropical ridge.[14] [15] [16]

On August 30, Maysak's structure became indicative of an impending phase of rapid intensification according to the JTWC.[17] The typhoon developed a central dense overcast that day with an eye embedded within.[18] An approaching trough over eastern China and western Japan caused Maysak to accelerate towards the north as it continued to traverse energetic ocean waters.[19] The typhoon's eye became symmetric and spanned 55km (34miles) across.[20] By 21:00 UTC, the eye had contracted to a diameter of 19km (12miles). Around that time, the JTWC assessed the typhoon as having one-minute sustained winds of 215km/h.[21] At 00:00 UTC on September 1, the JMA determined that Maysak had ten-minute maximum sustained winds of 110mph with gusts of up to 250km/h. The associated barometric pressure was estimated at 935 hPa (mbar; 27.61 inHg).[22] [23] Maysak held this intensity as it began to move into a less conducive environment for storm development within the East China Sea.[24] Soon, Maysak began to weaken steadily as it passed the East China Sea, slowing back down to a Category 3 storm. The storm then made landfall near Busan, South Korea at 02:20 KST on September 3 (17:20 UTC on September 2), with 10-minute maximum sustained winds at 155km/h and the central pressure at 950 hPa[25] equivalent into a Category 2 typhoon. After that, it crossed the Sea of Japan and hitting North Korea into Jilin in northeast China. Soon after, Typhoon Maysak transitioned into an extratropical low in northeast China.[26]

Preparations and impact

The storm affected the eastern parts of South Korea, North Korea, China, and Russia, along with the Ryukyu Islands, causing at least 32 deaths and damage to more than 9,200 houses. Total combined economic losses were anticipated to surpass US$100 million.

Japan

The JMA urged residents of Okinawa to evacuate in anticipation of a potentially "major disaster" from Maysak; 560 people ultimately evacuated.[27] The agency also warned of the possibility of tornadoes in the region.[28] Schools, stores, and public offices throughout the prefecture closed. As many as 266 flights linking to Okinawa were cancelled, affecting roughly 9,200 travelers.[29] [30] The Naha Airport closed its passenger terminal in advance of Maysak.[31] The cancellation of flights at Okinawa also led to the cancellation of 10 percent of departures from Haneda Airport.[32] Kadena Air Force Base was placed on Tropical Cyclone Conditions of Readiness level 1 (TCCOR 1), denoting the onset of destructive winds. Okinawa was buffeted by wind gusts generally ranging between 100and. A peak gust of 163km/h was measured in Nanjō.[33] Wind gusts reached 195km/h at Kumejima Airport.[34] Power outages affected 1,580 electricity customers in Nago, Naha, and Nakijin. Agricultural damage across the prefecture were at JP¥236.4 million (US$2.23 million).[35]

Officials in Kyushu warned of strong winds and mudslides. Maysak caused powerful winds and drenching rainfall to the Ryukyu Islands of Japan as it passed through, also causing some power outages.[36] Agricultural damage in Saga Prefecture were calculated to be JP¥609 million (US$5.74 million).[37]

Gulf Livestock 1 shipwreck

On 2 September 2020, Panamanian-flagged cargo ship with 43 crew members, including 39 seamen from the Philippines, two from New Zealand and two from Australia, and thousands of cattle onboard was reported missing in the East China Sea. The Japan Coast Guard said it has found one person drifting in rough waters in a lifejacket. A distress signal was sent from the ship shortly before disappearing.[38] The body of a person was found two days later.[39] By October, the remaining 41 seamen were declared dead.

South Korea

In South Korea, 2,200 people were evacuated into shelters in preparation for Maysak. Maysak resulted in two deaths,[40] caused over 120,000 power outages, and damaged over 5,100 hectares of farmland as well as a further 800 structures.[41] South Korea's Ministry of Interior and Safety cited notable damage to nearly 2,000 buildings.[42]

North Korea

Maysak brought heavy rainfall to eastern North Korea peaking at 15.157inches in Wonsan. Photos showed streets and buildings being flooded in the area.[43] North Korea's state television network once more broadcast live storm reports overnight from State Hydro-Meteorological Administration and outside as they had done with Typhoon Bavi just a week previous to Maysak.[44] [45]

China

The extratropical remnants of Maysak moved into Jilin, bringing heavy rains to the province. Damage was amounted to be CN¥6.18 million (US$903 thousand).[46]

Russia

Maysak struck the Primorsky Krai as an extratropical cyclone, which killed three people and led to ₽200 million (US$2.65 million) in losses.[47]

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: Jun-tae . Ko . Heat wave to return as typhoon passes without severe damage . August 30, 2020 . The Korea Herald . Herald Corporation . August 27, 2020 . Seoul, South Korea.
  2. News: Han-gil . Seo . 태풍 '바비' 가니 '마이삭' 오나…기상청 "예의 주시" . August 30, 2020 . dongA.com . August 27, 2020 . Seoul, South Korea . Korean.
  3. Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 94W) . Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii . August 27, 2020.
  4. News: Strong . Matthew . Top weather expert hopes Typhoon Maysak stays away from Taiwan . August 30, 2020 . Taiwan News . August 27, 2020.
  5. Warning and Summary 270600 . Japan Meteorological Agency . August 31, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200831164309/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20200827/060000/A_WWJP25RJTD270600_C_RJTD_20200827082017_35.txt . August 31, 2020 . Tokyo, Japan . TXT . August 27, 2020.
  6. Web site: Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 94W) . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . 27 August 2020 . https://archive.today/20200827084959/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200827/090000/A_WTPN21PGTW270900_C_RJTD_20200827082316_2.txt . 27 August 2020 . 27 August 2020 . live .
  7. Reasoning No. 1 for TD Located at 16.8N 131.8E . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning. Japan Meteorological Agency . August 31, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200831165843/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200827/180000/A_WTPQ30RJTD271800_C_RJTD_20200827195617_37.txt . August 31, 2020 . Tokyo, Japan . TXT . August 27, 2020.
  8. Reasoning No. 2 for TD Located at 17.4N 131.1E . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning. Japan Meteorological Agency . August 31, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200831170203/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200828/000000/A_WTPQ30RJTD280000_C_RJTD_20200828014817_5.txt. August 31, 2020 . Tokyo, Japan . TXT . August 28, 2020.
  9. Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 10W (Ten) Warning NR 01 . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . Joint typhoon Warning Center . August 31, 2020 . Pearl Harbor, Hawaii . TXT . August 28, 2020.
  10. Web site: August 28, 2020. Severe Weather Bulletin #1 for Tropical Depression "JULIAN". unfit. https://web.archive.org/web/20200828050055/http://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/tamss/weather/bulletin.pdf. 2020-08-28. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration.
  11. Reasoning No. 3 for TS 2009 Maysak (2009) . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning. Japan Meteorological Agency . August 31, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200831173755/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200828/060000/A_WTPQ30RJTD280600_C_RJTD_20200828083616_13.txt. August 31, 2020 . Tokyo, Japan . TXT . August 28, 2020.
  12. Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 03 . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . Joint typhoon Warning Center . August 31, 2020 . Pearl Harbor, Hawaii . TXT . August 28, 2020.
  13. STS 2009 Maysak (2009) Upgraded From TS . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory. Japan Meteorological Agency . August 31, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200831174630/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200828/180000/A_WTPQ20RJTD281800_C_RJTD_20200828184332_90.txt. August 31, 2020 . Tokyo, Japan . TXT . August 28, 2020.
  14. Reasoning No. 8 for TY 2009 Maysak (2009) . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning. Japan Meteorological Agency . August 31, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200831180238/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200829/120000/A_WTPQ30RJTD291200_C_RJTD_20200829134618_9.txt. August 31, 2020 . Tokyo, Japan . TXT . August 29, 2020.
  15. TY 2009 Maysak (2009) Upgraded From STS . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory. Japan Meteorological Agency . August 31, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200831180401/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200829/120000/A_WTPQ50RJTD291200_C_RJTD_20200829124630_9.txt. August 31, 2020 . Tokyo, Japan . TXT . August 29, 2020.
  16. Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 08 . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . Joint typhoon Warning Center . August 31, 2020 . Pearl Harbor, Hawaii . TXT . August 29, 2020.
  17. Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 09 . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . Joint typhoon Warning Center . August 31, 2020 . Pearl Harbor, Hawaii . TXT . August 30, 2020.
  18. Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 12 . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . Joint typhoon Warning Center . August 31, 2020 . Pearl Harbor, Hawaii . TXT . August 30, 2020.
  19. Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 13. Iowa Environmental Mesonet . Joint typhoon Warning Center . August 31, 2020 . Pearl Harbor, Hawaii . TXT . August 31, 2020.
  20. Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 15. Iowa Environmental Mesonet . Joint typhoon Warning Center . August 31, 2020 . Pearl Harbor, Hawaii . TXT . August 31, 2020.
  21. Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 16. Iowa Environmental Mesonet . Joint typhoon Warning Center . September 1, 2020 . Pearl Harbor, Hawaii . TXT . August 31, 2020.
  22. TY 2009 Maysak (2009) . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory. Japan Meteorological Agency . August 31, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200901200703/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200901/000000/A_WTPQ20RJTD010000_C_RJTD_20200901004818_95.txt. September 1, 2020 . Tokyo, Japan . TXT . September 1, 2020.
  23. Reasoning No. 18 for TY 2009 Maysak (2009) . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning. Japan Meteorological Agency . August 31, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200901200547/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200901/000000/A_WTPQ30RJTD010000_C_RJTD_20200901024118_42.txt. September 1, 2020 . Tokyo, Japan . TXT . September 1, 2020.
  24. Reasoning No. 19 for TY 2009 Maysak (2009) . RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning. Japan Meteorological Agency . August 31, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200901201138/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200901/060000/A_WTPQ30RJTD010600_C_RJTD_20200901075918_66.txt. September 1, 2020 . Tokyo, Japan . TXT . September 1, 2020.
  25. Web site: [기상청 속보] 2020년 9월 3일 2시 30분 ]. Korea Meteorological Administration . 3 September 2020 . https://archive.today/20200902182441/https://www.weather.go.kr/w/index.do . 2 September 2020 . Korean . 2 September 2020 . live .
  26. Web site: Typhoon Maysak hit South Korea - September 2nd, 2020. .
  27. News: 台風9号：沖縄で瞬間風速54.5メートル 1人負傷、560人避難 1580戸停電 . August 31, 2020 . The Okinawa Times . September 1, 2020 . Japanese.
  28. News: 竜巻注意情報＝気象庁発表 . August 31, 2020 . The Okinawa Times . September 1, 2020 . Japanese.
  29. News: Typhoon Maysak: Japan warns of 'major disaster' in Okinawa region . August 31, 2020 . Al Jazeera . Al Jazeera Media Network . August 31, 2020.
  30. News: 台風9号、スーパーなど商業施設も臨時休業へ【8月31日随時更新】 . August 31, 2020 . Yahoo! Japan . Ryūkyū Shimpō . August 31, 2020 . Japanese.
  31. News: 台風で沖縄の交通ストップ きょう空路238便欠航 バス・モノレールは午前運休 . September 1, 2020 . The Okinawa Times . August 31, 2020 . Japanese.
  32. News: Javaheri . Pedram . Typhoon Maysak is forecast to strengthen as it moves toward Japan and the Korean Peninsula . August 31, 2020 . CNN . Cable News Network . August 31, 2020.
  33. News: Dolce . Chris . Typhoon Maysak Hammering Okinawa With Strong Winds and Heavy Rain and Could Bring More Flooding to South Korea . August 31, 2020 . The Weather Channel . TWC Product and Technology . August 30, 2020.
  34. News: Freedman . Andrew . Powerful Typhoon Maysak brings 100 mph winds to Okinawa, heads for super typhoon status and landfall in Korea . August 31, 2020 . The Washington Post . August 31, 2020.
  35. Web site: https://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/entry-1185158.html. ja:台風9号 農水産被害2億3640万円 沖縄本島と宮古島 サトウキビが9割. Ryukyu Shimpo. September 4, 2020. September 5, 2020. Japanese.
  36. Web site: Rains hit southern Japan island as Koreas ready for typhoon. Yuri. Kageyama. September 2, 2020. CTVNews.
  37. Web site: https://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/entry-1185158.html. ja:台風9号10号被害 農林水産関係被害は10億円弱【佐賀県】. Saga TV. September 23, 2020. September 24, 2020. Japanese.
  38. Web site: Typhoon Maysak: Ship with crew and thousands of cattle missing . BBC . 3 September 2020 .
  39. News: Japan rescues second survivor from capsized ship. BBC News . September 4, 2020.
  40. Web site: 태풍 '마이삭' 한반도 강타…사망자 발생 . 2023-01-11 . VOA . ko.
  41. Web site: Typhoon Maysak finishes, as Haishen gathers force. koreajoongangdaily.joins.com. 3 September 2020 .
  42. Web site: Global Catastrophe Recap September 2020. Aon. October 8, 2020. October 8, 2020. October 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008154255/http://thoughtleadership.aonbenfield.com//Documents/20200810_analytics-if-september-global-recap.pdf. live.
  43. Web site: Bahrain News Agency. www.bna.bh.
  44. Web site: Rescuers search for missing ship carrying 42 crew off Japanese coast . CBC . 3 September 2020 .
  45. Web site: North Korea's east coast hit with damaging typhoon and floods, state TV shows | NK News. September 3, 2020. NK News - North Korea News.
  46. Web site: https://card.weibo.com/article/m/show/id/2309404545440103137393?_wb_client_=1&object_id=1022%3A2309404545440103137393&extparam=lmid--4545440106416845&luicode=10000011&lfid=231522type%3D1%26t%3D10%26q%3D%23%E5%8F%B0%E9%A3%8E%E7%BE%8E%E8%8E%8E%E5%85%8B%23. zh:台风“美莎克”致16个县、市、区受灾！多图+视频直击现场！. 长春全接触. September 4, 2020. September 4, 2020. Chinese.
  47. News: ru:Ущерб Приморью от тайфуна "Майсак" предварительно оценивается в 200 млн рублей - губернатор. https://www.interfax-russia.ru/far-east/news/ushcherb-primoryu-ot-tayfuna-maysak-predvaritelno-ocenivaetsya-v-200-mln-rubley-gubernator. Interfax. September 4, 2020. September 5, 2020. Russian.

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