Types of earthquake explained

This is a list of different types of earthquake.

A

• Aftershock, a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock.^{[1] [2]}

B

• Blind thrust earthquake, an earthquake which occurs along a thrust fault that does not show signs on the Earth's surface.^[3]

C

• Cryoseism, a seismic event that may be caused by a sudden cracking action in frozen soil or rock saturated with water or ice.^[4]

D

• Deep-focus earthquake, also called a plutonic earthquake, an earthquake with a depth exceeding .^[5]
• Doublet earthquake, an earthquake that consists of at least two or more mainshocks of nearly identical magnitude, separated by a period of time.^[6]

E

• Earthquake swarm, events where a local area experiences sequences of many earthquakes striking in a relatively short period of time.^[7]

F

• Foreshock, an earthquake that occurs before a larger seismic event (the mainshock) and is related to it in both time and space.^[8]

H

• Harmonic tremor, a sustained release of seismic and infrasonic energy typically associated with the underground movement of magma, the venting of volcanic gases from magma, or both.^[9]

I

• Induced seismicity, typically minor earthquakes and tremors that are caused by human activity that alters the stresses and strains on the Earth's crust.^[10]
• Interplate earthquake, an earthquake that occurs at the boundary between tectonic plates.^[11]
• Intraplate earthquake, an earthquake that occurs within the interior of a tectonic plate.^{[12] [13]}

M

• Megathrust earthquake, an earthquake occurring at subduction zones at destructive convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced underneath another.^[14]

R

• Remotely triggered earthquakes, a result of the effects of other earthquakes at considerable distance, outside of the immediate aftershock zones.^[15]

S

• Slow earthquake, a discontinuous, earthquake-like event that releases energy over a period of hours to months, rather than the seconds to minutes characteristic of a typical earthquake.^[16]
• Submarine earthquake, an earthquake that occurs underwater at the bottom of a body of water, especially an ocean.^[17]
• Supershear earthquake, an earthquake in which the propagation of the rupture along the fault surface occurs at speeds in excess of the seismic shear wave (S-wave) velocity, causing an effect analogous to a sonic boom.^[18]
• Strike-slip earthquake, an earthquake where two pieces of crust slide horizontally past each other.^[19]

T

• Tsunami earthquake, an earthquake that triggers a tsunami of a magnitude that is very much larger than the magnitude of the earthquake as measured by shorter-period seismic waves.^[20]

V

• Volcano tectonic earthquake, an earthquake induced by the movement (injection or withdrawal) of magma.^[21]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Mulroy . Clare . December 20, 2022 . What is an aftershock? Learn about the smaller earthquakes impacting Turkey and Syria. . February 29, 2024 . . en-US.
2. Web site: Foreshocks, aftershocks – what's the difference? . February 29, 2024 . United States Geological Survey.
3. Web site: December 31, 2014 . Blind Thrust Fault . February 29, 2024 . United States Geological Survey.
4. Web site: Prociv . Kathryn . February 3, 2023 . Arctic blast could trigger a rare weather phenomenon: Frost quakes . February 29, 2024 . . en.
5. Web site: Determining the Depth of an Earthquake . March 1, 2024 . United States Geological Survey.
6. Moshou . Alexandra . Konstantaras . Antonios . Argyrakis . Panagiotis . Petrakis . Nikolaos S. . Kapetanakis . Theodoros N. . Vardiambasis . Ioannis O. . July 25, 2022 . Data Management and Processing in Seismology: An Application of Big Data Analysis for the Doublet Earthquake of 2021, 03 March, Elassona, Central Greece . Applied Sciences . en . 12 . 15 . 7446 . 10.3390/app12157446 . free . 2076-3417 .
7. Web site: Earthquake Swarm . March 1, 2024 . ScienceDirect.
8. Book: Gates . A. . Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes . Ritchie . D. . Infobase Publishing . 2006 . 978-0-8160-6302-4 . 89 . 29 November 2010.
9. Montegrossi . Giordano . Farina . Angiolo . Fusi . Lorenzo . De Biase . Antonietta . October 8, 2019 . Mathematical model for volcanic harmonic tremors . . 9 . 14417 . 10.1038/s41598-019-50675-2 . 2045-2322 . 6783453 . 31594972 . 2019NatSR...914417M .
10. Kalkan . E. . Gurbuz . C. . Zor . E. . December 2014 . The Usage of Correlation Method for Micro-Earthquake Analysis at Salavatlı Geothermal Area, Aydın, Turkey. . . 2014 . S51A–4392 . 2014AGUFM.S51A4392K . Astrophysics Data System.
11. Web site: Bellam . Srigiri Shankar . August 2012 . Assessment of interplate and intraplate earthquakes . March 1, 2024 . Texas A&M University Libraries.
12. Iwata . Tomotaka . Asano . Kimiyuki . 2011 . Characterization of the Heterogeneous Source Model of Intraslab Earthquakes Toward Strong Ground Motion Prediction . Pure and Applied Geophysics . 168 . 1–2 . 117–124 . 10.1007/s00024-010-0128-7 . 2011PApGe.168..117I . 140602323.
13. Senoa . Tetsuzo . Yoshida . Masaki . 2004 . Where and why do large shallow intraslab earthquakes occur? . Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors . 141 . 3 . 183–206 . 10.1016/j.pepi.2003.11.002. 2004PEPI..141..183S .
14. Web site: Questions and Answers on Megathrust Earthquakes . March 1, 2024 . Natural Resources Canada . en.
15. Web site: Hough . Susan E. . January 1, 2005 . Remotely Triggered Earthquakes Following Moderate Mainshocks (or, Why California Is Not Falling into the Ocean) . March 1, 2024 . GeoScienceWorld.
16. Web site: Becker . Rachel . August 30, 2016 . Slow Earthquakes Are a Thing . March 1, 2024 . . en.
17. Web site: Fryer . Gerard . How do undersea earthquakes cause tsunamis? . March 1, 2024 . Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology.
18. Web site: Levy D. . December 2, 2005 . A century after the 1906 earthquake, geophysicists revisit 'The Big One' and come up with a new model . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080129092039/http://news-service.stanford.edu/pr/2005/pr-agu_beroza-120705.html . January 29, 2008 . June 12, 2008 . Press release . Stanford University.
19. Web site: Adams . Rick . August 2, 2019 . Earthquakes: What Is a Strike Slip Fault? . March 1, 2024 . . en.
20. Web site: Sun . Lin . August 2020 . Relationships between tsunami size and earthquake magnitude improved by fault parameters . February 29, 2024 . ScholarSpace.
21. Web site: Volcanic Earthquakes . March 1, 2024 . . en.