Tymphaea Explained
Tymphaea or Tymphaia was an ancient Greek territory, specifically located in the region of Epirus, inhabited by the Tymphaioi, a northwestern Greek tribe that belonged to the Molossian tribal state or koinon. The tribal territory was annexed by and became a province of the Kingdom of Macedon, specifically Upper Macedonia, in the 4th century BC.
History
Due to the fact that Greek toponyms that preserve archaic features are very densely found in the wider area, it appears that speakers of the proto-Greek language inhabited a region which included Tymphaea before the late Bronze Age migrations (late 3rd-early 2nd millennium B.C) during several centuries or even millennia before. Tymphaea and its Greek inhabitants, the Tymphaioi, were named after Mount Tymphe. In circa 350 BC, Tymphaea was conquered by Phillip II (r. 359–336 BC) and incorporated into the Kingdom of Macedon as part of Upper Macedonia. The most famous native of Tymphaea was Polyperchon, regent of Alexander III (r. 336–323 BC). He was the son of Simmias, who was the ruler of the Tymphaioi in circa 370 BC.
The Tymphaei were Epiroteans that belonged to the wider Molossian tribe. They were one of the Epirote tribes of the north-western Greek group.[1] They worshipped Zeus under the name “Deipaturos” probably as the god of their mountain, Tymphe.[2]
See also
References
Sources
- Book: Benveniste, Émile. 2016. 1969. Dictionary of Indo-European Concepts and Society. Chicago, IL. Hau Books (University of Chicago Press). 978-0-9861325-9-9. en.
- Book: Georgiev, Vladimir I.. Crossland. The Arrival of the Greeks in Greece: The Linguistic Evidence. R. A.. Birchall. Ann. Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean; Archaeological and Linguistic Problems in Greek Prehistory: Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield. 1973. London. Gerald Duckworth & Company Limited. 243–253. 978-0-7156-0580-6.
- Hammond. Nicholas. 2000. The Ethne in Epirus and Upper Macedonia. The Annual of the British School at Athens. 95. 345–352. 10.1017/S0068245400004718. 30103439. 140559037.
- Book: Hammond. Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière. 1994. Collected Studies. III. Amsterdam. Hakkert.
- Book: Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière. 1967. Epirus: The Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and the Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas. Oxford. The Clarendon Press.
- Book: Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière. Studies Concerning Epirus and Macedonia Before Alexander. Amsterdam. Hakkert. 1993. 9789025610500.
- Book: Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière. CHAPTER 40 ILLYRIS, EPIRUS AND MACEDONIA. 261–285. Boardman. John. Hammond. Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière. The Cambridge Ancient History: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C.. III, Part 3. 2nd. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 1982. 0-521-23447-6.
- Book: Hatzopoulos, Miltiades V.. Macedonian Institutions Under the Kings: A Historical and Epigraphic Study, Volume 1. 1996. Athens. Kentron Hellēnikēs kai Rōmaïkēs Archaiotētos. 978-960-7094-90-2.
- Book: Pleket. H. W.. Stroud. R. S.. Strubbe. Johan. Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Volumes 44–45. 1994. Amsterdam. J.C. Gieben. 9789050635288.
Further reading
- Book: Hazlitt, William. Tymphaea. 360. The Classical Gazetter. 1851. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20121011124340/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/gazetteer/0362.html. 2012-10-11.
Notes and References
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