22nd United States Congress explained

Number:	22nd
Imagename:	United States Capitol
Imagedate:	1827
Start:	March 4, 1831
End:	March 4, 1833
Vp:	John C. Calhoun (J) (until December 28, 1832) Vacant (from December 28, 1832)
Pro Tem:	Samuel Smith (J) Littleton Tazewell (J) Hugh L. White (J)
Speaker:	Andrew Stevenson (J)
Senators:	48
Reps:	213
Delegates:	3
S-Majority:	Jacksonian
H-Majority:	Jacksonian
Sessionnumber1:	1st
Sessionstart1:	December 5, 1831
Sessionend1:	July 16, 1832
Sessionnumber2:	2nd
Sessionstart2:	December 3, 1832
Sessionend2:	March 2, 1833
Previous:	21st
Next:	23rd

The 22nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1831, to March 4, 1833, during the third and fourth years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.

Major events

See main article: 1831 in the United States, 1832 in the United States and 1833 in the United States.

• December 28, 1832: Vice President John C. Calhoun resigned. The first Vice President of the United States to do so.
• Nullification Crisis

Major legislation

• July 14, 1832: Tariff of 1832, ch. 227,
• March 2, 1833: Tariff of 1833 (Compromise Tariff), ch. 55,
• March 2, 1833: Force Bill, ch. 57,

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

Beginning of the CongressFile:22nd United States Senate Ending.svg

End of the Congress

House of Representatives

Beginning of the CongressFile:22nd United States House Ending.svg

Ending of the Congress

Leadership

Senate

• President: John C. Calhoun (J), resigned December 28, 1832; thereafter vacant.
• President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (J), first elected December 5, 1831
  • Littleton W. Tazewell (J), elected July 9, 1832
  • Hugh Lawson White (J), elected December 3, 1832

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Andrew Stevenson (J)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1836.

2. William R. King (J)

3. Gabriel Moore (J)

1. Samuel A. Foot (NR)

3. Gideon Tomlinson (NR)

1. Arnold Naudain (NR)

2. John M. Clayton (NR)

2. George M. Troup (J)

3. John Forsyth (J)

2. John M. Robinson (J)

3. Elias K. Kane (J)

1. Robert Hanna (NR), from August 19, 1831 - January 3, 1832

John Tipton (J), from January 3, 1832

3. William Hendricks (NR)

2. George M. Bibb (J)

3. Henry Clay (NR), from November 10, 1831

2. Edward Livingston (J), until May 24, 1831

George A. Waggaman (NR), from November 15, 1831

3. Josiah S. Johnston (NR)

1. John Holmes (NR)

2. Peleg Sprague (NR)

1. Samuel Smith (J)

3. Ezekiel F. Chambers (NR)

1. Daniel Webster (NR)

2. Nathaniel Silsbee (NR)

1. Powhatan Ellis (J), until July 16, 1832

John Black (J), from November 12, 1832

2. George Poindexter (NR)

1. Thomas H. Benton (J)

3. Alexander Buckner (J)

2. Samuel Bell (NR)

3. Isaac Hill (J)

1. Mahlon Dickerson (J)

2. Theodore Frelinghuysen (NR)

1. Charles E. Dudley (J)

3. William L. Marcy (J), until January 1, 1833

Silas Wright Jr. (J), from January 4, 1833

2. Bedford Brown (J)

3. Willie P. Mangum (J)

1. Benjamin Ruggles (NR)

3. Thomas Ewing (NR)

1. Isaac D. Barnard (J), until December 6, 1831

George M. Dallas (J), from December 13, 1831

3. William Wilkins (J)

1. Asher Robbins (NR)

2. Nehemiah R. Knight (NR)

2. Robert Y. Hayne (N), until December 3, 1832

John C. Calhoun (N), from December 29, 1832

3. Stephen D. Miller (N), until March 2, 1833, vacant for remainder of term

1. Felix Grundy (J)

2. Hugh Lawson White (J)

1. Horatio Seymour (NR)

3. Samuel Prentiss (NR)

1. John Tyler (J)

2. Littleton W. Tazewell (J), until July 16, 1832

William C. Rives (J), from December 10, 1832

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

. Clement C. Clay (J)

. Samuel W. Mardis (J)

. Dixon H. Lewis (J)

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

. Noyes Barber (NR)

. William W. Ellsworth (NR)

. Jabez W. Huntington (NR)

. Ralph I. Ingersoll (NR)

. William L. Storrs (NR)

. Ebenezer Young (NR)

. John J. Milligan (NR)

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

. Thomas F. Foster (J)

. Henry G. Lamar (J)

. Wilson Lumpkin (J), until ????, 1831

Augustin S. Clayton (J), from January 21, 1832

. Daniel Newnan (J)

. Wiley Thompson (J)

. James M. Wayne (J)

. Richard Henry Wilde (J)

. Joseph Duncan (J)

. Ratliff Boon (J)

. John Carr (J)

. Johnathan McCarty (J)

. Henry Daniel (J)

. Thomas A. Marshall (NR)

. Chilton Allan (NR)

. Robert P. Letcher (NR)

. Richard M. Johnson (J)

. Joseph Lecompte (J)

. John Adair (J)

. Nathan Gaither (J)

. Charles A. Wickliffe (J)

. Christopher Tompkins (NR)

. Albert G. Hawes (J)

. Chittenden Lyon (J)

. Edward D. White (NR)

. Philemon Thomas (J)

. Henry A. Bullard (NR)

. Rufus McIntire (J)

. John Anderson (J)

. Edward Kavanagh (J)

. George Evans (NR)

. Cornelius Holland (J)

. Leonard Jarvis (J)

. James Bates (J)

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.

. Daniel Jenifer (NR)

. Benedict J. Semmes (NR)

. George C. Washington (NR)

. Francis Thomas (J)

. Benjamin C. Howard (J)

. John T. H. Worthington (J)

. George E. Mitchell (J), until June 28, 1832

Charles S. Sewall (J), from October 1, 1832

. John L. Kerr (NR)

. John S. Spence (NR)

. Nathan Appleton (NR)

. Rufus Choate (NR)

. Jeremiah Nelson (NR)

. Edward Everett (NR)

. John Davis (NR)

. Joseph G. Kendall (NR)

. George J. Grennell Jr. (NR)

. Isaac C. Bates (NR)

. George N. Briggs (NR)

. Henry A. S. Dearborn (NR)

. John Quincy Adams (NR)

. James L. Hodges (NR)

. John Reed Jr. (NR)

. Franklin E. Plummer (J)

. Spencer D. Pettis (J), until August 28, 1831

William H. Ashley (J), from October 31, 1831

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

. John Brodhead (J)

. Thomas Chandler (J)

. Joseph Hammons (J)

. Joseph M. Harper (J)

. Henry Hubbard (J)

. John W. Weeks (J)

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

. Lewis Condict (NR)

. Silas Condit (NR)

. Richard M. Cooper (NR)

. Thomas H. Hughes (NR)

. James F. Randolph (NR)

. Isaac Southard (NR)

There were three plural districts, the 20th & 26th had two representatives each, the 3rd had three representatives.

. James Lent (J), until February 22, 1833, vacant thereafter

. John T. Bergen (J)

. Churchill C. Cambreleng (J)

. Gulian C. Verplanck (J)

. Campbell P. White (J)

. Aaron Ward (J)

. Edmund H. Pendleton (NR)

. Samuel J. Wilkin (NR)

. John C. Brodhead (J)

. John King (J)

. Job Pierson (J)

. Gerrit Y. Lansing (J)

. Erastus Root (J)

. Joseph Bouck (J)

. William G. Angel (J)

. Samuel Beardsley (J)

. Michael Hoffman (J)

. Nathan Soule (J)

. John W. Taylor (NR)

. Nathaniel Pitcher (J)

. William Hogan (J)

. Charles Dayan (J)

. Daniel Wardwell (J)

. John A. Collier (Anti-M)

. Edward C. Reed (J)

. Freeborn G. Jewett (J)

. Ulysses F. Doubleday (J)

. Gamaliel H. Barstow (Anti-M)

. William Babcock (Anti-M)

. John Dickson (Anti-M)

. Frederick Whittlesey (Anti-M)

. Grattan H. Wheeler (Anti-M)

. Phineas L. Tracy (Anti-M)

. Bates Cooke (Anti-M)

. William B. Shepard (NR)

. John Branch (J), from May 12, 1831

. Thomas H. Hall (J)

. Jesse Speight (J)

. James I. McKay (J)

. Robert Potter (J), until November ????, 1831

Micajah T. Hawkins (J), from December 15, 1831

. Lauchlin Bethune (J)

. Daniel L. Barringer (J)

. Augustine H. Shepperd (J)

. Abraham Rencher (J)

. Henry W. Connor (J)

. Samuel P. Carson (J)

. Lewis Williams (NR)

. James Findlay (J)

. Thomas Corwin (NR)

. Joseph H. Crane (NR)

. Joseph Vance (NR)

. William Russell (J)

. William Creighton Jr. (NR)

. Samuel F. Vinton (NR)

. William Stanbery (NR)

. William W. Irvin (J)

. William Kennon Sr. (J)

. Humphrey H. Leavitt (J)

. John Thomson (J)

. Elisha Whittlesey (NR)

. Eleutheros Cooke (NR)

There were six plural districts, the 7th, 8th, 11th & 16th had two representatives each, the 4th & 9th had three representatives each.

. Joel B. Sutherland (J)

. Henry Horn (J)

. John G. Watmough (NR)

. Joshua Evans Jr. (J)

. William Hiester (Anti-M)

. David Potts Jr. (Anti-M)

. Joel K. Mann (J)

. John C. Bucher (J)

. Henry King (J)

. Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (J)

. Peter Ihrie Jr. (J)

. Samuel A. Smith (J)

. Lewis Dewart (J)

. James Ford (J)

. Philander Stephens (J)

. Adam King (J)

. Thomas H. Crawford (J)

. William Ramsey (J), until September 29, 1831

Robert McCoy (J), from November 22, 1831

. Robert Allison (Anti-M)

. George Burd (NR)

. Andrew Stewart (Anti-M)

. Thomas M.T. McKennan (Anti-M)

. Harmar Denny (Anti-M)

. John Gilmore (J)

. Richard Coulter (J)

. John Banks (Anti-M)

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

. Tristam Burges (NR)

. Dutee J. Pearce (NR)

. William Drayton (J)

. Robert W. Barnwell (N)

. Thomas R. Mitchell (J)

. John Myers Felder (J)

. George McDuffie (N)

. Warren R. Davis (N)

. William T. Nuckolls (J)

. James Blair (J)

. John K. Griffin (N)

. John Blair (J)

. Thomas D. Arnold (NR)

. James I. Standifer (J)

. Jacob C. Isacks (J)

. William Hall (J)

. James K. Polk (J)

. John Bell (J)

. Cave Johnson (J)

. William Fitzgerald (J)

. Jonathan Hunt (NR), until May 15, 1832

Hiland Hall (NR), from January 1, 1833

. Rollin C. Mallary (NR), until April 15, 1831

William Slade (Anti-M), from November 1, 1831

. Horace Everett (NR)

. Heman Allen (NR)

. William Cahoon (Anti-M)

. Thomas Newton Jr. (NR)

. John Y. Mason (J)

. William S. Archer (J)

. Mark Alexander (J)

. Thomas T. Bouldin (J)

. Thomas Davenport (J)

. Nathaniel H. Claiborne (J)

. Richard Coke Jr. (J)

. Andrew Stevenson (J)

. William F. Gordon (J)

. John M. Patton (J)

. John J. Roane (J)

. Joseph W. Chinn (J)

. Charles F. Mercer (NR)

. John S. Barbour (J)

. William Armstrong (NR)

. Robert Allen (J)

. Philip Doddridge (NR), until November 19, 1832

Joseph Johnson (J), from January 21, 1833

. William McCoy (J)

. Robert Craig (J)

. Lewis Maxwell (NR)

. Charles C. Johnston (J), until June 17, 1832

Joseph Draper (J), from December 6, 1832

Non-voting members

. Ambrose H. Sevier (J)

. Joseph M. White

. Austin E. Wing

Changes in membership

These counts reflect changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate.

• Replacements: 7
  • Jacksonians: no net change
  • National Republicans: no net change
  • Nullifiers: no net change
• Deaths: 0
• Resignations: 7
• Interim appointments: 1
• Total seats with changes: 9

|-| Indiana
(1)| Vacant| style="font-size:80%" | James Noble had died February 26, 1831, in the previous Congress.
Successor appointed August 19, 1831.| | Robert Hanna (NR)| Installed August 19, 1831

|-| Kentucky
(3)| Vacant| style="font-size:80%" | Legislature elected late November 10, 1831.| | Henry Clay (NR)| Installed November 10, 1831

|-| Louisiana
(2)| | Edward Livingston (J)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 24, 1831, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of State.
Successor elected November 15, 1831.| | George A. Waggaman (NR)| Installed November 15, 1831

|-| Pennsylvania
(1)| | Isaac D. Barnard (J)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 6, 1831, due to ill health.
Successor elected December 13, 1831.| | George M. Dallas (J)| Installed December 13, 1831

|-| Indiana
(1)| | Robert Hanna (NR)| style="font-size:80%" | Appointee retired when elected successor qualified.
Successor elected January 3, 1832.| | John Tipton (J)| Installed January 3, 1832

|-| Mississippi
(1)| | Powhatan Ellis (J)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 16, 1832, after being appointed U.S. District Judge.
Successor appointed November 12, 1832, to finish the term.| | John Black (J)| Installed November 12, 1832

|-| Virginia
(2)| | Littleton Waller Tazewell (J)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 16, 1832.
Successor elected December 10, 1832.| | William C. Rives (J)| Installed December 10, 1832

|-| South Carolina
(2)| | Robert Y. Hayne (N)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 13, 1832, to become Governor of South Carolina.
Successor elected December 29, 1832.| | John C. Calhoun (N)| Installed December 29, 1832

|-| New York
(3)| | William L. Marcy (J)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 1, 1833, after becoming Governor of New York.
Successor elected January 14, 1833.| | Silas Wright (J)| Installed January 4, 1833

|-| South Carolina
(3)| | Stephen D. Miller (N)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 2, 1833, due to ill health.| Vacant| Not filled this term|}

House of Representatives

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives.

• Replacements: 9
  • Jacksonians: 1-seat net gain
  • National Republicans: 2-seat net loss
  • Anti-Masonics: 1-seat net gain
• Deaths: 8
• Resignations: 2
• Contested election: 0
• Total seats with changes: 11

|-| | Vacant| Vacancy in term| | John Branch (J)| Seated May 12, 1831

|-| | | Wilson Lumpkin (J)| Resigned some time in 1831 before the convening of Congress| | Augustin S. Clayton (J)| Seated January 21, 1832

|-| | | Rollin C. Mallary (NR)| Died April 15, 1831| | William Slade (AM)| Seated November 1, 1831

|-| | | Spencer D. Pettis (NR)| Died August 28, 1831| | William H. Ashley (NR)| Seated October 31, 1831|-| | | William Ramsey (J)| Died September 29, 1831| | Robert McCoy (J)| Seated November 22, 1831

|-| | | Robert Potter (J)| Resigned November ????, 1831| | Micajah T. Hawkins (J)| Seated December 15, 1831

|-| | | Jonathan Hunt (NR)| Died May 15, 1832.
A special election was held and a new member elected January 1, 1833 on the fourth ballot.| | Hiland Hall (NR)| Seated January 21, 1833

|-| | | Charles C. Johnston (J)| Died June 17, 1832| | Joseph Draper (J)| Seated December 6, 1832

|-| | | George E. Mitchell (J)| Died June 28, 1832| | Charles S. Sewall (J)| Seated October 1, 1832

|-| | | Philip Doddridge (NR)| Died November 19, 1832| | Joseph Johnson (J)| Seated January 21, 1833

|-| | | James Lent (J)| Died February 22, 1833| Vacant| Not filled this Congress

|}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

• Accounts of James Monroe (Select)
• Agriculture (Chairman: Horatio Seymour)
• Amending the Constitution on the Election of the President and Vice President (Select)
• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Nehemiah Knight)
• Claims (Chairman: Benjamin Ruggles)
• Commerce (Chairman: John Forsyth then William R. King)
• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Ezekiel F. Chambers)
• Dueling (Select)
• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: John M. Robinson then Asher Robbins)
• Finance (Chairman: Samuel Smith then John Forsyth)
• Foreign Relations (Chairman: Littleton Tazewell then John Forsyth)
• French Spoilations (Select)
• Impeachment of James H. Peck (Select)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Hugh Lawson White then George M. Troup)
• Judiciary (Chairman: William L. Marcy then William Wilkins)
• Manufactures (Chairman: Mahlon Dickerson)
• Memorial of the Manufacturers Iron (Select)
• Mileage of Members of Congress (Select)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Hart Benton)
• Militia (Chairman: Isaac Barnard)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Robert Y. Hayne)
• Nomination of Amos Kendall (Select)
• Pensions (Chairman: Samuel A. Foot)
• Post Office Department (Select)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: George M. Bibb)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Elias Kane)
• Public Lands (Chairman: William R. King then Elias Kane)
• Roads and Canals (Select) (Chairman: William Hendricks)
• Tariff Regulation (Select)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: N/A)
• Agriculture (Chairman: Erastus Root)
• American Colonization Society (Select)
• Claims (Chairman: N/A)
• Commerce (Chairman: N/A)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: N/A)
• Elections (Chairman: N/A)
• Establishing an Assay Office in the Gold Region (Select)
• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: N/A)
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: N/A)
• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: N/A)
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: N/A)
• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: N/A)
• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: N/A)
• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: William S. Archer)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: N/A)
• Judiciary (Chairman: Warren R. Davis then John Bell)
• Manufactures (Chairman: Michael Hoffman)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: N/A)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: N/A)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Richard M. Johnson then Henry W. Connor)
• Public Expenditures (Chairman: N/A)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Charles A. Wickliffe)
• Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: N/A)
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: N/A)
• Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: N/A)
• Rules (Select)
• Standards of Official Conduct (Chairman: N/A)
• Territories (Chairman: N/A)
• Ways and Means (Chairman: George McDuffie then Gulian C. Verplanck)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Enrolled Bills
• The Library

Employees

• Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan

Senate

• Chaplain: Henry V. Johns (Episcopal), until December 19, 1831
  • John P. Durbin (Methodist), elected December 19, 1831
  • Charles C. Pise (Roman Catholic), elected December 11, 1832
• Secretary: Walter Lowrie
• Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: Ralph R. Gurley (Presbyterian), until December 13, 1831
  • Reuben Post (Presbyterian) elected December 13, 1831
  • William Hammett (Presbyterian), elected December 12, 1832
• Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
• Doorkeeper: Overton Carr, elected December 5, 1831
• Reading Clerks:
• Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn

See also

• 1830 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
  • 1830–31 United States Senate elections
  • 1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections
• 1832 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • 1832 United States presidential election
  • 1832–33 United States Senate elections
  • 1832–33 United States House of Representatives elections

References

• Book: Martis, Kenneth C.. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. 1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York.
• Book: Martis, Kenneth C.. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. 1982. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York.

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
• Book: Congressional Directory of the 22nd Congress, 2nd Session.