| Conventional Long Name: | Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt |
| Era: | Classical antiquity |
| Government Type: | Absolute monarchy |
| Image Map Caption: | Sphinx of Hakor |
| Year Start: | 398 BC |
| Year End: | 380 BC |
| P1: | Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt |
| S1: | Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt |
| Capital: | Mendes |
| Common Languages: | Egyptian language |
| Religion: | Ancient Egyptian Religion |
| Event Start: | Deposition of Amyrtaeus |
| Event End: | Deposition of Nefaarud II |
The Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXIX, alternatively 29th Dynasty or Dynasty 29) is usually classified as the fourth Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Late Period. It was founded after the overthrow of Amyrtaeus, the only Pharaoh of the 28th Dynasty, by Nefaarud I in 398 BC, and disestablished upon the overthrow of Nefaarud II in 380 BC.
Nefaarud I founded the 29th Dynasty (according to an account preserved in a papyrus in the Brooklyn Museum) by defeating Amyrtaeus in open battle, and later putting him to death at Memphis. Nefaarud then made Mendes his capital.
On Nefaarud's death, two rival factions fought for the throne: one behind his son Muthis, and the other supporting a usurper Psammuthes; although Psammuthes was successful, he only managed to reign for a year.
Psammuthes was overthrown by Hakor, who claimed to be the grandson of Nefaarud I. He successfully resisted Persian attempts to reconquer Egypt, drawing support from Athens (until the Peace of Antalcidas in 387 BC), and from the rebel king of Cyprus, Evagoras. Although his son Nefaarud II became king on his death, the younger Nefaarud was unable to keep hold of his inheritance.
See main article: List of pharaohs.
| Name of Pharaoh | Image | Reign | Prenomen (Throne name) | Horus-name | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nefaarud I | 398–393 BC | Baenre | Aaib | Defeated Amyrtaeus in open battle and had him executed | ||
| Psammuthes | 393 BC | Userra-setepenptah | Aapehtymarsepu | Reigned for only a year. Overthrown by Hakor. | ||
| Hakor (Achoris) | 393–380BC | Khnummaatre | Aaibmerytawy | Overthrew his predecessor Psammuthes. Father of Nefaarud II. | ||
| Nefaarud II | 380 BC | (unknown) | (unknown) | Was deposed and likely killed by Nectanebo I after ruling for only 4 months. |
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