Turks in Tunisia explained

Group:Turks in Tunisia
Rels:Sunni Islam

The Turks in Tunisia, also known as Turco-Tunisians[1] and Tunisian Turks,[2] (Arabic: أتراك تونس; French: Turcs de Tunisie; Turkish: Tunus Türkleri) are ethnic Turks who constitute one of the minority groups in Tunisia.[3]

In 1534, with about 10,000 Turkish soldiers, the Ottoman Empire took control and settled in the region when Tunisia's inhabitants called for help due to fears that the Spanish would invade the country.[4] Thus, during the Ottoman rule, the Turkish community dominated the political life of the region for centuries; as a result, the ethnic mix of Tunisia changed considerably with the continuous migration of Turks from Anatolia, as well as other parts of the Ottoman territories, for over 300 years. In addition, some Turks intermarried with the local population and their male offspring were called "Kouloughlis".[5] [6] [7] Consequently, the terms "Turks" and "Kouloughlis" were used to distinguish between those of full and partial Turkish ancestry.

Demographics

Families of Turkish origin live mainly near the coastal cities, such as Tunis, Mahdia, Hammamet and the islands (such as Djerba), although there are also many living within central Tunisia as well.[8]

Culture

Language

In 2012 the Tunisian government introduced the Turkish language in all Tunisian secondary schools.

Religion

The Ottoman Turks brought with them the teaching of the Hanafi School of Islam during the Ottoman rule of Tunisia, which still survives among the Turkish-descended families today.[9] Traditionally, Turco-Tunisian mosques have octagonal minarets.[9] Examples of Ottoman-Turkish mosques include:

Notable people

The Turks in Tunisia were traditionally a privileged élite in Tunisia who held positions in the military and the bureaucracy.[10] However, by the nineteenth century, marriages with the local population linked the ruling families to indigenous notables. At this time, many Turks also turned to commerce and the crafts, initially in the Souq el-Trouk (the Bazaar of the Turks), where a considerable number of merchants of Turkish ancestry emerged. The Turks also entered the corps of artisans.[10] The Ben Romdhan family, of Turkish origin, claim much of the notable Tunisian families of Mahdia such as the Hamza, Turki, Gazdagli, Agha, and Snène families.[11] Other prominent Tunisian families of Turkish origin include the,, El Materis,,, Mamis and the s.

See also

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. .
  2. Web site: Today's Zaman. Turks in northern Africa yearn for Ottoman ancestors. 2012-03-18. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110313041415/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-222054-101-turks-in-northern-africa-yearn-for-ottoman-ancestors.html. 2011-03-13.
  3. .
  4. .
  5. Web site: Tunisia Today. Vient de paraître "Tribus : des origines à la dislocation". 2012-04-18.
  6. .
  7. Web site: Milli Gazete. Levanten Türkler. 2012-03-19. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100223132907/http://www.milligazete.com.tr/makale/levanten-turkler-153681.htm. 2010-02-23.
  8. Web site: Leaders. Le Monde Arabe et la Turquie: les prémices d'une entente . 2013-03-29.
  9. .
  10. .
  11. .
  12. Web site: Tunisia Today. Ahmed Abdelkefi, la machine à idées!. 2012-04-18.
  13. .
  14. .
  15. .
  16. Web site: Union Nationale de la Femme Tunisienne. Asma Belkhodja-Rébaï, une pionnière du mouvement féministe tunisien (1930-2011). 2013-03-29. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140203201030/http://www.unft.org.tn/fr/index.php?rub=248&srub=264. 2014-02-03.
  17. Web site: Africa Time. Histoire et repères: Grandes figures tunisiennes. 2013-04-04.
  18. .
  19. .
  20. Web site: Toute la Tunisie. Mahmoud Ben Mahmoud. 2012-04-17. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131103030650/http://toutelatunisie.com/doc.php?docid=310&artid=226. 2013-11-03.
  21. Web site: Hurriyet. Umarım yakında bütün Arap kadınları Tunuslularla aynı haklara sahip olur. 2013-03-24.
  22. .
  23. Paul Lambert, Dictionnaire illustré de La Tunisie : choses et gens de Tunisie, éd. C. Saliba aîné, Tunis, 1912, p. 157
  24. .
  25. Web site: Toute la Tunisie. Ali Douagi. 2012-04-17. dead. https://archive.today/20120717223025/http://toutelatunisie.com/doc.php?docid=526&artid=435. 2012-07-17.
  26. Web site: Leaders. Abderrahman Dziri. 2013-03-29.
  27. Web site: Leaders. La princesse Nazli Fadhel en Tunisie: une figure moderniste. 2013-03-29.
  28. Mohamed El Aziz Ben Achour, Catégories de la société tunisoise dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle, éd. Institut national d'archéologie et d'art, Tunis, 1989, p. 235
  29. Web site: Sanna. Cristiano. 2019. [Il ritratto] Afef, le quarte nozze, i milioni e quei veleni da scansare. Il potere riservato di una ribelle]. Tiscali Spettacoli. 26 September 2019.
  30. Web site: Africa Time. Les pionniers du théâtre et de la TV en Tunisie-Mohamed Lahbib : le kawkeb du théâtre arabe en Tunisie. 2013-03-27.
  31. Web site: TelQuel. TUNISIE. Où s'arrêtera Sakhr El Materi?. 2013-03-27. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510083108/http://www.telquel-online.com/archives/372/actu_monde2_372.shtml. 2013-05-10.
  32. .
  33. Web site: Africa Time. Chafia Rochdy : la voix cristalline venue du Sud. 2013-03-27.
  34. Web site: Festival Tetouan. Hommages 2012: Hichem Rostom, Acteur Tunisien. 2012-04-18. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120502142050/http://www.festivaltetouan.org/page.php?134. 2012-05-02.
  35. Web site: Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Sultans Are No Sultans: Mourad Salem. 2013-10-13.
  36. Web site: Rachid Sfar. Le LEADERS TAHAR SFAR CO-FONDATEUR AVEC BOURGUIBA DU PARTI TUNISIEN NEO-DESTOUR FUT DE 1925 à 1928 UN ETUDIANT EXCEPTIONNEL. 2014-06-07.
  37. .
  38. Web site: Arab Women Writers. Najiya Thamir. 2012-04-17.
  39. Web site: Women of Tunisia. Tunisian women Yesterday and Today: Nejia Thameur. 2012-04-17.
  40. Web site: Toute la Tunisie. Hédi Turki. 2012-04-17. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130727200303/http://toutelatunisie.com/doc.php?docid=459&artid=419. 2013-07-27.
  41. Web site: Toute la Tunisie. Yahia Ben Mahmoud El Hajjem Turki. 2012-04-17. dead. https://archive.today/20120716234459/http://toutelatunisie.com/doc.php?docid=459&artid=418. 2012-07-16.
  42. Web site: Toute la Tunisie. Zoubeïr Turki. 2012-04-17.

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