Torbat-e Heydarieh should not be confused with Torbat-e Jam.
| Official Name: | Torbat-e Heydarieh |
| Native Name: | Persian: تربت حيدريه |
| Nicknames: | the Capital of Persian Red Gold or the Capital of Red Gold of Iran or the Saffron City |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map: | Iran |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Iran |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Razavi Khorasan |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Torbat-e Heydarieh |
| Subdivision Type3: | District |
| Subdivision Name3: | Central |
| Population As Of: | 2016 |
| Population Urban: | 140019 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone: | IRST |
| Utc Offset: | +3:30 |
| Coordinates: | 35.29°N 59.2169°W |
| Coordinates Footnotes: | [1] |
Torbat-e Heydarieh (Persian: تربت حيدريه) is a city in the Central District of Torbat-e Heydarieh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[2] The closest major city to Torbat is Mashhad, 157 km away.
The name Torbat in Persian means Burial place, thus the name of the city means Burial Place of Heydar named after Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar a Sufi mystic whose tomb lies in the heart of the city.
In ancient times this city was known as Zaveh and in the 19th century it was known as Torbat-e Ishaq Khan or Torbat-e Isa Khan after Ishaq Khan Qaraei the powerful chief of the local Qarai Turks who ruled as a semi-autonomous governor of Torbat-e Heydarieh from 1775 to 1816. It derives its present name from the turbet or tomb of a holy man named Kutb ed din Haidar, the founder of the ascetic sect of dervishes known as the Haidaris. He died c. 1230 and is buried in a large domed building a short distance outside the town.
Following the Mongol invasion of Iran,[3] the people of Zaveh (Old Torbat) were the first victims of the Mongol invasion. At the same time, Qutbuddin Haidar, a famous sixth-century mystic who had long resided in the city of Zaveh, died. Torbat-e Heydarieh became a city after the Safavid period.[4] In fact, the city flourished about two hundred years ago, during the reign of Ishaq Khan Qaraei,[5] one of the Khans and political figures of the Qajar era. Ishaq Khan renovated and developed the city and it created such a massive change in the city that this city has become known as Ishaq Khan Torbat for a long time. Prior to World War II, the British and Russian consulates were located in Torbat-e Heydarieh, in the Bagh-e-Soltani area of the city, indicating the city's political and economic importance at the time.
The people of Torbat Heydariyeh speak Persian and Khorasani dialect. The dialect of the people of Torbat Heydariyeh is very close to the dialect of other cities of Khorasan, especially the dialect of Mashhad. Books of poems with Torbati accent such as Samandar Khan Salar written by Ali Akbar Abbasi Fahandari and also Torbati shout by Mohammad Ghahraman have been written.[6]
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 119,360 in 31,869 households.[7] The following census in 2011 counted 131,150 people in 37,807 households.[8] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 140,019 people in 43,029 households.[9] Torbat-e Heydarieh is ranked fourth in the province. The total population of Torbat Heydariyeh County is 224,626 people.[9] Until 1372, the city of Torbat Heydariyeh had the second largest population in the province of Greater Khorasan after Mashhad, which was divided into five cities, making its population rank reduced.
The city is located in the center of Razavi Khorasan province in Iran. This city is famous for its Zafaran (Saffron) fields. Torbat-e Heydarieh is the world's largest Saffron (or Zafaran in Persian) producer hence the nickname "Capital of the Red Gold of Iran" has been given to it.
Torbat Heydariyeh has two industrial towns and the most important industrial production units of the city include Torbat Heydariyeh Sugar Factory, Zarmehr Gold, Zarrin Tile, Kaolin Factory, also products such as milk and dairies, flour, cumin and cotton gin, animal feed and silk works are also produced in Torbat.[10]
Torbat Heydariyeh in recent years as a university hub in Khorasan Razavi, has good higher education facilities. Torbat Heydariyeh Higher Education Centers are:
Islamic Azad University Torbat Heydarieh[11]
Torbat Heydariyeh University[12]
Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences[13]