| Turama–Kikorian | |
| Also Known As: | Rumu – Omati River |
| Region: | Omati River region, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea |
| Familycolor: | Papuan |
| Fam1: | Papuan Gulf ? |
| Fam2: | Kikorian |
| Child1: | Turama |
| Child2: | Rumu |
| Glotto: | tura1263 |
| Glottorefname: | Turama–Kikori |
| Map: | Turama-Kikorian languages.svg |
| Mapcaption: | Map: The Turama–Kikorian languages of New Guinea |
The Turama–Kikorian languages are a family identified by Arthur Capell (1962)[1] and part of the Trans–New Guinea languages (TNG) family in the classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and Malcolm Ross (2005). The family is named after the Turama River and Kikori River of southern Papua New Guinea; the alternative name is based more narrowly on the Omati River.
The four languages are clearly related, though Rumu is divergent. Ross states that Rumu links the other (Turama) languages to TNG.
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[2]
| gloss | Proto-Rumu-Omati | Proto-Omati River | Rumu | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| head/top |
|
| mapô | |
| leaf/hair/feather |
|
| ?paɾâu | |
| ear |
|
| kō | |
| eye |
|
| ihī | |
| nose |
|
| jū | |
| tooth |
|
| makù | |
| foot/leg | pronounced as /
| pronounced as /
| ɾɛ̂ | |
| bone |
|
| ɾapò | |
| breast |
|
| hó | |
| louse |
|
| kuɾɔ̀ | |
| dog |
|
| ká ~ kaé | |
| pig |
|
| kɔù | |
| bird | pronounced as /
| pronounced as /
| ká ~ kaé | |
| egg |
|
| ||
| tree |
|
| ì | |
| sun |
|
| ɛhɔ̂ | |
| water |
|
| ||
| fire |
|
| ì | |
| path | pronounced as /
| pronounced as /
| tɛî | |
| name |
|
| enené | |
| two | pronounced as /
| pronounced as /
| taí |
The following basic vocabulary words are from Franklin (1973),[3] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.[4] The sets of words are not necessarily cognate.
| gloss | Omati | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| head | wotu rapo | mapʰ | mabo | mawo | |
| hair | pate | maporo | maboru | mahabero | |
| ear | ku pate | kupi | kovi | kovi | |
| eye | ihita | si(tom) | sitɔumu | isi | |
| nose | yu rapo | bopʰ | boƀo | sorowu | |
| tooth | maku | ka̧i̧ yo | kaiyɔ | kokame | |
| tongue | ɔhɔ | kumen | kumɛn | komene | |
| leg | re riki | hae | hại habo | hai | |
| louse | kuro | kurom | kuromiə | kulamu | |
| dog | ka | kas | kasə | kase | |
| bird | ka | kae | kaiɛ | kae | |
| egg | re | tʌom | tʌmɛ | mena hai | |
| blood | hokore | kai | kai | kei | |
| bone | rapo | hap | havo | havo | |
| skin | heitau | kora | kʷaru | kebo | |
| breast | hɔ | so̧ | so; šo | šu | |
| tree | i | i | ʔi | ||
| man | uki | wane | wɔnami; wɔne | gamin | |
| woman | wo | besi | bɛse | bes | |
| sun | eho | iyos | yosə; yosu | soa | |
| moon | pari | wasiba | wasibia; wasibʌŋʌ | baira | |
| water | u | mu̧ | mu | fae | |
| fire | i | kom | kumu | kumu | |
| stone | akapu | kam | kamə | kamu | |
| name | paina | nanini | nɛnɛne | nenena | |
| eat | nato | nokun; nouwe | pronounced as /nʌᵘwe/ | damanai | |
| one | riabai; ṛiabai | sʌkanɛ | sʌkanɛ | sakaina | |
| two | tai | hae | haiɛ | hatarari |