| Aeroflot Flight 366 | |
| Occurrence Type: | Accident |
| Type: | Fuel exhaustion due to pilot and maintenance error |
| Site: | Neva River Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Coordinates: | 59.9197°N 30.4036°W |
| Aircraft Type: | Tupolev Tu-124 |
| Operator: | Aeroflot |
| Tail Number: | СССР-45021 |
| Origin: | Tallinn-Ülemiste Airport, Estonian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Destination: | Moskva-Vnukovo Airport, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Passengers: | 45 |
| Crew: | 7 |
| Fatalities: | 0 |
| Survivors: | 52 |
Aeroflot Flight 366 (Russian: Рейс 366 Аэрофлота), also known as the Miracle on the Neva, was a water landing by a Tupolev Tu-124 of the Soviet state airline Aeroflot (Moscow division). The aircraft took off from Tallinn-Ülemiste Airport (TLL) at 08:55 on 21 August 1963 with 45 passengers and 7 crew on board.[1] The aircraft (registration number СССР-45021) was built in 1962[1] and was scheduled to fly to Moscow–Vnukovo (VKO) under the command of 27-year-old captain Victor Mostovoy. After takeoff the nose gear did not retract.[1] Ground control diverted the flight to Leningrad (LED) – because of fog at Tallinn.[1]
At 10:00 Flight 366 started to circle the city at, in order to use fuel, reducing weight and decreasing the risk of fire in the event of a crash. The ground services at Pulkovo Airport (LED) were preparing the dirt runway for the landing. Each circuit around the city took the aircraft approximately 15 minutes. During this time the crew attempted to force the nose gear to lock into the fully extended position by pushing it with a pole taken from the cloak closet.
On the eighth and last circuit while from the airport, the no. 1 engine flamed out due to fuel starvation.[2] The remaining engine ceased shortly thereafter, with the aircraft above the city center, traveling east over St. Isaac's Cathedral and the Admiralty. Upon loss of power the flight crew ditched the aircraft in the 300-2NaN-2 wide Neva River.
Eyewitnesses saw Flight 366 upstream. Immediately after a turn, the aircraft glided over the high steel structures of the Bolsheokhtinsky Bridge with approximately of clearance. The Tu-124 flew over the Alexander Nevsky Bridge – under construction at the time – barely missing it. The pilot managed to land the aircraft on the river,[1] in close proximity to an 1898-built steam tugboat.
The plane began to fill with water. The captain of the tugboat saw the plane in distress and went to help. He and his crew broke the aircraft's windshield to tie a cable to the cockpit's control wheel and proceeded to tow the craft to the river bank. During the tow all passengers remained on board. Passengers and crew then evacuated the cabin via an access hatch on the plane's roof.