Tugulu Group Explained

Tugulu Group
Type:	Group
Period:	Early Cretaceous
Region:	Xinjiang
Subunits:	Qingshuihe, Hutubihe, Shengjinkou & Lianmuqin Formations
Underlies:	Donggou & Kumutake Formations
Overlies:	Kalaza Formation
Thickness:	150–
Extent:	Junggar Basin

The Tugulu Group is a geological Group in Xinjiang, China whose strata date back to the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur skeletal remains and footprints are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Vertebrate paleofauna

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Asiatosaurus^[5]	A. mongoliensis
Kelmayisaurus^[6]	K. petrolicus			"Maxilla and dentary."^[7]
Xinjiangovenator	X. parvus			"Tibia [and] phalanges."^[8]	Formerly thought to be a representative of Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis.
Phaedrolosaurus	P. ilikensis			"tooth"^[9]
Psittacosaurus	P. xinjiangensis				An early ceratopsian
Tugulusaurus	T. faciles			"Hindlimb, rib, [and a] vertebral centrum."^[10]
Xiyunykus	X. pengi			"Partial skeleton"^[11]
Wuerhosaurus	W. homheni			"Partial skeleton."^[12]	A stegosaur
Unnamed ornithomimosaur^[13]				"manus claw and various closely associated caudal vertebrae"	The first ornithomimosaur known from the Junggar Basin.

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Dsungaripterus	D. weii^[14]				A dsungaripterid
Noripterus	N. complicidens				A dsungaripterid
Lonchognathosaurus	L. acutirostris^[15]				Possible junior synonym of Dsungaripterus weii.^[16]

Turtles

Name	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Dracochelys	Dracochelys bicuspis^[18] ^[19]			A skull, an incomplete skeleton.	A sinemydid
Ordosemys	O. brinkmania^[20]			An isolated skull, several shells.	A sinemydid
Xinjiangchelys	Indeterminate			"A shell in ventral aspect on a slab"	A xinjiangchelyid
Wuguia	W. efremovi^[21] W. hutubeiensis^[22]			Partial shells (W. efremovi), an incomplete skeleton (W. hutubeiensis)	A sinemydid
Pantrionychia indet.				"Apoorly preserved skull in dorsal aspect"	A cryptodiran

Fish

Name	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Bogdaichthys^[23]	B. fukangensis				A siyuichthyid^[24]
	B. serratus
Dsungarichthys	D. bilineatus				A siyuichthyid
Manasichthys	M. elongatus				A siyuichthyid
	M. tuguluensis
Neobaleiichthys	N. chikuensis
Siyuichthys	S. ornatus				A siyuichthyid
	S. pulchellus
	S. pulcher
Uighuroniscus	U. sinkiangensis
Wukangia	W. houyanshanensis				A siyuichthyid

References

Bibliography

• Book: Weishampel . David B. . David B. Weishampel . Dodson . Peter . Peter Dodson . Osmólska . Halszka . Halszka Osmólska . 2004 . The Dinosauria . 2nd . Berkeley: University of California Press . 2019-02-21 . 0-520-24209-2.

Notes and References

1. Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 563-570. .
2. Lucas, Spencer G, Chinese Fossil vertebrates, Pp. 158-159, New York, Columbia University Press, .
3. Book: Chinese Fossil Vertebrates. Lucas, S.G.. 2001. Columbia University Press. 9780231084833. 158. 2015-05-17.
4. Xing. Lida. Lockley. Martin G.. Persons. W. Scott. Klein. Hendrik. Romilio. Anthony. Wang. Donghao. Wang. Miaoyan. Stegosaur Track Assemblage from Xinjiang, China, Featuring the Smallest Known Stegosaur Record. 2021-02-28. PALAIOS. en. 36. 2. 68–76. 10.2110/palo.2020.036. 2021Palai..36...68X. 233129489. 0883-1351.
5. "48.5 Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, People's Republic of China; 1. Tugulu Group," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 567.
6. Web site: A reassessment of Kelmayisaurus petrolicus, a large theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica . Preprint . 2011-05-01 . 2011-05-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110522165444/http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app56/app20100125_acc.pdf .
7. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 73.
8. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78.
9. Z.-M. Dong. (1973). [Dinosaurs from Wuerho]. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academic Sinica 11:45-52. [Chinese]
10. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 77.
11. 10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.057. 30146153. Two Early Cretaceous Fossils Document Transitional Stages in Alvarezsaurian Dinosaur Evolution. Current Biology. 28. 17. 2853–2860.e3. 2018. Xu. Xing. Choiniere. Jonah. Tan. Qingwei. Benson. Roger B.J. Clark. James. Sullivan. Corwin. Zhao. Qi. Han. Fenglu. Ma. Qingyu. He. Yiming. Wang. Shuo. Xing. Hai. Tan. Lin. free.
12. "Table 16.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 345.
13. Xing. Lida. Scott Persons IV. W.. Lautenschlager. Stephan. Wang. Donghao. Niu. Kecheng. 2020-12-29. The first record of an ornithomimosaur from the Cretaceous Tugulu Group of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. Cretaceous Research. 121 . en. 104740. 10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104740. 233549987 . 0195-6671.
14. Web site: Re: The timing of stegosaur extinction. dml.cmnh.org. 2015-05-17.
15. Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264pp.http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12007/1/zitteliana_2008_b28_05.pdf
16. Andres . B. . Clark, J. M. . Xing, X. . 2010 . A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, and the phylogenetic relationships of basal pterosaurs . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 30 . 1 . 163–187 . 10.1080/02724630903409220. 2010JVPal..30..163A . 53688256 .
17. Web site: The Polyglot Paleontologist . 2024-02-06.
18. E. S. Gaffney . X. Ye. Dracochelys, a new cryptodiran turtle from the Early Cretaceous of China. 1992. American Museum Novitates. 3048. 1-3.
19. Donald B Brinkman. New material of Dracochelys (Eucryptodira: Sinemydidae) from the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. 2001. 10.1139/e01-047. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 38. 12.
20. I. G. Danilov, J. F. Parham. The type series of "Sinemys" wuerhoensis, a problematic turtle from the Lower Cretaceous of China, includes at least three taxa. 2007. Palaeontology. 50. 2.
21. I. G. Danilov, V. B. Sukhanov. A basal eucryptodiran turtle "Sinemys" efremovi (= Wuguia efremovi) from the Early Cretaceous of China. 2005. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 51. 1.
22. A. T. Matzke, M. W. Maisch, H. Pfretzschner, G. Sun, H. Stöhr. A new basal sinemydid turtle (Reptilia: Testudines) from the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group of the Junggar Basin (NW China). 2004. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte. 2004. 3. 10.1127/njgpm/2004/2004/151.
23. Averianov . A. . Skutschas . P. . A eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous of Russia and biostratigraphy of the Asian Early Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages . Lethaia . 2000 . 33 . 4 . 330–340 . 10.1080/002411600750053899.
24. Arratia . G. . Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Triassic pholidophorid fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 2013 . 33 . sup1 . 1–138 . 10.1080/02724634.2013.835642. 2013JVPal..33S...1A . 86605978 .