| Tsudaqar | |
| Familycolor: | caucasian |
| Nativename: | Dargwa: цӀудхърила мец, Dargwa: цӀудхъуран мец |
| Also Known As: | Tsudakhar, Cudaxar |
| Fam1: | Northeast Caucasian |
| Fam2: | Dargin |
| Fam3: | North-Central |
| Speakers: | 33,000 in traditional areas |
| Pronunciation: | pronounced as /[ts’udqrila mets]/ pronounced as /[ts’udqran mets]/ |
| Date: | 2010 |
| Script: | Cyrillic |
| States: | Russia |
| Region: | Dagestan |
| Glotto: | cuda1238 |
| Map: | Dargwa_map_%28Koryakov%29_2021.png |
| Glottoname: | Cudaxar |
| Isoexception: | dialect |
| Ietf: | dar-x-HIS09130 |
| Dia1: | Tsudaqar proper (East) |
| Dia2: | Kuppa-Karekadani (West) |
Tsudaqar (also Tsudakhar, Cudaxar[1]) is a Dargin language, quite different from the literary variety,[2] spoken by over 33,000 people[3] in the Levashinsky and Akushinsky Districts, Novy Kostek in Khasavyurtovsky District, and Novokare in Babayurtovsky District, Dagestan. The village of Tsudakhar was the traditional center. It is considered to be threatened with extinction, being transmitted to children, but not by all families.[4] In modern times, work is underway to revitalize Tsudaqar and create an alphabet for the language.
In response to the declining health and use of the language, speakers have revived the usage of the language, as well as studying and preserving it. An orthography for the language was also devised. Lessons for learning Tsudaqar are available online, and there is a YouTube channel which promotes Tsudaqar culture, history and life.[5]
Tsudaqar has lost the affricates pronounced as /link/ and pronounced as /link/. The system of phonemic fortis and lenis has been retained, similar to the system used in Avar–Andic and Lak.[6]
| А аpronounced as //ɑ// | Б бpronounced as //b// | В вpronounced as //w// | Г гpronounced as //g// | Гъ гъpronounced as //ʁ// | Гь гьpronounced as //h// | Гӏ гӏpronounced as //ʡ// | Гӏӏ гӏӏpronounced as //ʡʼ// | Д дpronounced as //d// | Е еpronounced as //e/; /je// | |
| Ё ёpronounced as //eˤ// | Ж жpronounced as //ʒ// | З зpronounced as //z// | И иpronounced as //i// | Й йpronounced as //j// | К кpronounced as //k// | Кк ккpronounced as //kː// | Къ къpronounced as //qː// | Кь кьpronounced as //qʼ// | Кӏ кӏpronounced as //kʼ// | |
| Л лpronounced as //l// | М мpronounced as //m// | Н нpronounced as //n// | О оpronounced as //о// | П пpronounced as //p// | Пп ппpronounced as //pː// | Пӏ пӏpronounced as //pʼ// | Р рpronounced as //r// | С сpronounced as //s// | Сс ссpronounced as //sː// | |
| Т тpronounced as //t// | Тт ттpronounced as //tː// | Тӏ тӏpronounced as //tʼ// | У уpronounced as //u// | Ф фpronounced as //f// | Х хpronounced as //χ// | Хх ххpronounced as //χː// | Хъ хъpronounced as //q// | Хь хьpronounced as //x// | Хьхь хьхьpronounced as //xː// | |
| Хӏ хӏpronounced as //ħ// | Ц цpronounced as //t͡s// | Цц ццpronounced as //t͡sː// | Цӏ цӏpronounced as //t͡sʼ// | Ч чpronounced as //t͡ʃ// | Чч ччpronounced as //t͡ʃː// | Чӏ чӏpronounced as //t͡ʃʼ// | Ш шpronounced as //ʃ// | Ъ ъpronounced as //ʔ// | Э эpronounced as //e//
| |
| Ю юpronounced as //ju// | Ӱ ӱpronounced as //uˤ// | Я яpronounced as //ja// | Щ щpronounced as //ʃː// |
ӱ never occurs word-initially and is only found after a consonant.