| Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav Цэнгэлтийн Жигжиджав | |
| Order: | 8th |
| Office: | Prime Minister of Mongolia |
| Term Start: | 27 April 1930 |
| Term End: | 2 July 1932 |
| 1Blankname: | General Secretary |
| 1Namedata: | Peljidiin Genden Zolbingiin Shijee Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir |
| Predecessor: | Anandyn Amar |
| Successor: | Peljidiin Genden |
| Birth Date: | 1894 |
| Birth Place: | Halzan district, Sükhbaatar Province, Mongolia, Qing China |
| Death Date: | 22 May 1933 |
| Death Place: | Ulaanbaatar, Mongolian People's Republic |
Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav (Mongolian: Цэнгэлтийн Жигжиджав), (1894 – May 22, 1933) was prime minister of Mongolia from 1930 to 1932.
Jigjidjav was born in present-day Halzan district, in Sükhbaatar Province. He graduated from the Finance Ministry’s school of accountancy in 1924. The same year he joined the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) and was appointed accountant of the Mongolian Central Cooperative (Montsenkoop) in 1925. In 1928 he was elected chairman of the General Committee of the Mongolian Central Cooperative.[1]
Jigjidjav went on to become a member of the Presidium of the MPRP Central Committee as well as a member of the State Small Hural (Bag Hural). He was appointed prime minister on April 27, 1930.[2] Some believe Jigjidjav was only an acting prime minister, while others consider him to have been a prime minister in full. The Mongolian government takes the latter view.
See main article: 1932 armed uprising (Mongolia). In April 1932 a group of lamas, angered by heavy-handed persecution of Buddhist monks and government expropriations of monasteries, ignited a revolt in Khövsgöl Province by occupying several town centers. The uprising soon spread to four provinces in the northwest of the country and lasted until October 1932, with outbreaks reported in the east of the country as well. By June the Mongolian People's Army had brutally suppressed large pockets of the revolt. The involvement of the Soviet Red Army in the suppression is still debated.
Surprised by the breadth of the uprising, Soviet premier Joseph Stalin ordered that the implementation of socialism in Mongolia be temporarily scaled back. At the Third Congress of the MPRP (June 29–30, 1932), top leftist politicians were blamed for creating conditions that led to the revolt. A few days later, on July 2, 1932, Jigjidjav, who was known as the top-leftist personality in Mongolia, was stripped of all of his offices.[3] Later in 1932 Jigjidjav was appointed minister of trade, road transport and communications development, a post he held until his death on May 22, 1933. The circumstances surrounding Jidjidjav's death remain unclear. He died after he was shot in his ger (home) on the outskirts of Ulan Bator. After his death he was accused of counterrevolutionary crimes, and his name was linked with the Lkhümbe case.[4]