| Trzcianka | |
| Pushpin Map: | Poland |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Voivodeship |
| Subdivision Name1: | Greater Poland |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Czarnków-Trzcianka |
| Subdivision Type3: | Gmina |
| Subdivision Name3: | Trzcianka |
| Established Title: | Founded |
| Established Date: | 13th century |
| Established Title2: | First mentioned |
| Established Date2: | 1245 |
| Established Title3: | Town rights |
| Established Date3: | 1731 |
| Area Total Km2: | 18.25 |
| Population As Of: | 2006 |
| Population Total: | 16756 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Coordinates: | 53.05°N 44°W |
| Timezone: | CET |
| Utc Offset: | +1 |
| Timezone Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +2 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 64-980 |
| Registration Plate: | PCT |
| Blank Name Sec2: | Voivodeship roads |
| Website: | http://www.trzcianka.pl |
Trzcianka (; German: Schönlanke) is a town in the Greater Poland region in northwestern Poland. Since 1999, it has been part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship and Czarnków-Trzcianka County. From 1975 to 1998, it was located in the Piła Voivodeship. In May 2007, Trzcianka had 17,131 inhabitants. Trzcianka is located on the, and three lakes, Sarcze, Okunie and Długie, are located within the town limits.
The settlement, initially named Rozdróżka, was probably founded in the 13th century.[1] It was located on a trade route which connected Poznań and Kołobrzeg.[1] Rozdróżka was mentioned in a document from 1245, when Duke Boleslaus V of Poland gave the land in the Noteć river valley, along with three villages (Biała, Gulcz, and Rozdróżka) to a Polish nobleman named Sędziwój of Czarnków. The new name of these three combined villages was Trzciana Łąka, as it appeared for the first time in 1565, and it was subsequently changed to Trzcianka in the 17th century.
Trzciana Łąka was a private village of Polish nobility, administratively located in the Poznań County in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown,[2] and in the 17th century it became a settlement of weavers and clothiers.[1] It was owned by the Gembicki family, thanks to whom it developed, and in 1679 Andrzej Gembicki referred to it as a town.[1] In 1671 Polish King Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki issued a privilege which established new annual fairs in Trzcianka. It was granted town rights by King Augustus II the Strong in 1731.[1] In the mid-18th century it was owned by the magnate Stanisław Poniatowski, father of the last Polish King Stanisław August Poniatowski, and the Poniatowskis' Ciołek coat of arms has been the town's coat of arms since.[1] In the 18th century, Trzcianka was one of the leading clothmaking centers in Greater Poland, however, after the late 18th century Partitions of Poland and the annexation of the town by Prussia in 1772, the local economy collapsed.[1]
In 1807 the town was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw. In 1815, it was re-annexed by Prussia, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany and was known as Schönlanke. The Prussian Eastern Railway, inaugurated in 1851 brought an economic boom to the town. Schönlanke had belonged to the Czarnikau district in the Province of Posen until 1920, after which it became the seat of the newly established Netzekreis district in the Province of Posen-West Prussia.
In the final months of World War II, Soviet troops marching towards Berlin from the east entered the town on 27 January 1945. Around this time, about 500 people committed suicide.[3] Following the war, the abandoned town was eventually restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which remained in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s. In August 1980, employees of local factories joined the nationwide anti-communist strikes,[4] which led to the foundation of the "Solidarity" organization.
There is a local historic museum (Muzeum Ziemi Nadnoteckiej) in Trzcianka.
The officially protected traditional food originating from Trzcianka is kiełbasa swojska nadnotecka, a local type of kiełbasa (as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland).[5]