Tropical cyclones in 2008 explained

Throughout 2008, 124 tropical cyclones have formed in bodies of water known as tropical cyclone basins. Of these, 83 have been named, by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained winds of 35kn. The strongest storm of the year was Typhoon Jangmi in the Western Pacific Ocean. The deadliest storm of the year was Cyclone Nargis, which caused devastating and castatrophic destruction in Myanmar with 138,373 fatalities. The costliest storm of the year was Hurricane Ike, which wreaked havoc thorough Cuba and Texas, with $38 billion (2008 USD) in damage. Throughout the year, 24 Category 3 tropical cyclones formed, including one Category 5 tropical cyclone in the year. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2008 (seven basins combined), as calculated by Colorado State University was 613.9 units.

Tropical cyclones are primarily monitored by a group of ten warning centres, which have been designated as a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) by the World Meteorological Organization. These are the United States National Hurricane Center (NHC) and Central Pacific Hurricane Center, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Météo-France, Indonesia's Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service, the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) as well as New Zealand's MetService. Other notable warning centres include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center.

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions

La Niña conditions often follow El Niño in the cycle known as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). La Niña episodes are marked by stronger-than-normal easterly trade winds and below-normal sea surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. These changes in ocean temperature and atmospheric circulation have worldwide implications for weather patterns. La Niña conditions appeared in February 2007 and strengthened in October and November. La Niña conditions often peak in January, as they appeared to do in January 2008.

This image shows the temperature anomaly for the top millimeter of the Pacific Ocean's surface—the skin temperature—on January 14, 2008, based on data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) flying on NASA's Aqua satellite. In this image, January 14, 2008, temperatures are compared to the long-term average measured by a series of sensors that flew on NOAA Pathfinder satellites from 1985 to 1997. A strong band of blue (cool) water appears along the Equator, fanning out near North and South America. Patches of orange to red (warm) conditions appear north and south of this strong blue band. As of January 2008, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) predicted that La Niña conditions would continue until spring, with a possible weakening in February 2008.

Cool ocean temperatures can impede cloud growth, leading to reduced rainfall from South America to Indonesia. In the continental United States, La Niña affects the jet stream, which in turn affects weather. Typical La Niña winter weather patterns include very cool, wet conditions in the Pacific Northwest, especially cold winter conditions on the Great Plains, and unusually dry conditions in the Southwest and Southeast. Because La Niña conditions can persist for years, such adverse weather conditions can continue. In short, continued La Niña conditions were expected to prolong the droughts in the American Southeast and Southwest.

Summary

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from:26/12/2007 till:02/01/2008 color:AUSR text:"Melanie" from:29/12/2007 till:03/01/2008 color:SWIO text:"Elnus" from:31/12/2007 till:02/01/2008 color:AUSR text:"Low" from:31/12/2007 till:06/01/2008 color:AUSR text:"Helen" from:06/01/2008 till:08/01/2008 color:SWIO text:"07" from:07/01/2008 till:11/01/2008 color:SPAC text:Elisa from:09/01/2008 till:14/01/2008 color:SPAC text:08F from:12/01/2008 till:13/01/2008 color:SPAC text:09F from:13/01/2008 till:18/01/2008 color:WPAC text:"01W" from:15/01/2008 till:19/01/2008 color:SPAC text:Funa from:20/01/2008 till:23/01/2008 color:SPAC text:11F from:22/01/2008 till:23/01/2008 color:WPAC text:"TD" from:22/01/2008 till:01/02/2008 color:SWIO text:"Fame" from:25/01/2008 till:01/02/2008 color:SWIO text:"Gula" barset:break from:26/01/2008 till:06/02/2008 color:SPAC text:Gene from:02/02/2008 till:29/02/2008 color:SWIO text:"Hondo" from:04/02/2008 till:11/02/2008 color:AUSR text:"17U" from:05/02/2008 till:27/02/2008 color:SWIO text:"Ivan" from:11/02/2008 till:20/02/2008 color:AUSR text:"Nicholas" from:17/02/2008 till:18/02/2008 color:SPAC text:13F from:27/02/2008 till:01/03/2008 color:AUSR text:"20P" from:29/02/2008 till:07/03/2008 color:AUSR text:"Ophelia" from:02/03/2008 till:16/03/2008 color:SWIO text:"Jokwe" from:05/03/2008 till:14/03/2008 color:SWIO text:"Kamba" from:18/03/2008 till:27/03/2008 color:SWIO text:"Lola" from:19/03/2008 till:23/03/2008 color:SPAC text:14F from:23/03/2008 till:30/03/2008 color:AUSR text:"Pancho" from:26/03/2008 till:27/03/2008 color:WPAC text:"TD" barset:break from:04/04/2008 till:07/04/2008 color:SPAC text:15F from:13/04/2008 till:20/04/2008 color:WPAC text:"Neoguri" from:17/04/2008 till:19/04/2008 color:SPAC text:16F from:20/04/2008 till:24/04/2008 color:AUSR text:"Rosie" from:20/04/2008 till:26/04/2008 color:AUSR text:"Durga" from:27/04/2008 till:03/05/2008 color:NIO text:Nargis from:07/05/2008 till:13/05/2008 color:WPAC text:"Rammasun" from:14/05/2008 till:17/05/2008 color:WPAC text:"Matmo" from:14/05/2008 till:20/05/2008 color:WPAC text:"Halong" from:26/05/2008 till:03/06/2008 color:WPAC text:"Nakri" from:27/05/2008 till:28/05/2008 color:WPAC text:"TD" from:29/05/2008 till:30/05/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Alma" from:31/05/2008 till:01/06/2008 color:NATL text:"Arthur" from:05/06/2008 till:07/06/2008 color:NIO text:ARB 01 barset:break from:06/06/2008 till:06/06/2008 color:WPAC text:"TD" from:16/06/2008 till:18/06/2008 color:NIO text:BOB 02 from:17/06/2008 till:25/06/2008 color:WPAC text:"Fengshen" from:27/06/2008 till:04/07/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Boris" from:27/06/2008 till:30/06/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Cristina" from:01/07/2008 till:04/07/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Douglas" from:03/07/2008 till:20/07/2008 color:NATL text:"Bertha" from:04/07/2008 till:08/07/2008 color:WPAC text:"Gener" from:05/07/2008 till:07/07/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Five-E" from:06/07/2008 till:09/07/2008 color:WPAC text:"TD" from:11/07/2008 till:19/07/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Elida" from:13/07/2008 till:15/07/2008 color:WPAC text:"TD" from:13/07/2008 till:20/07/2008 color:WPAC text:"Kalmaegi" from:16/07/2008 till:22/07/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Fausto" barset:break from:18/07/2008 till:23/07/2008 color:NATL text:"Cristobal" from:20/07/2008 till:25/07/2008 color:NATL text:"Dolly" from:21/07/2008 till:27/07/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Genevieve" from:24/07/2008 till:30/07/2008 color:WPAC text:"Fung-wong" from:03/08/2008 till:06/08/2008 color:NATL text:"Edouard" from:03/08/2008 till:08/08/2008 color:WPAC text:"Kammuri" from:06/08/2008 till:12/08/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Hernan" from:07/08/2008 till:12/08/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Kika" from:09/08/2008 till:10/08/2008 color:NIO text:BOB 03 from:10/08/2008 till:11/08/2008 color:WPAC text:"Phanfone" from:10/08/2008 till:12/08/2008 color:WPAC text:"TD" from:11/08/2008 till:15/08/2008 color:WPAC text:"TD" from:12/08/2008 till:15/08/2008 color:WPAC text:"11W" from:13/08/2008 till:16/08/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Iselle" barset:break from:14/08/2008 till:17/08/2008 color:WPAC text:"Vongfong" from:14/08/2008 till:16/08/2008 color:WPAC text:"Kika" from:15/08/2008 till:26/08/2008 color:NATL text:"Fay" from:17/08/2008 till:23/08/2008 color:WPAC text:"Nuri" from:23/08/2008 till:26/08/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Julio" from:25/08/2008 till:04/09/2008 color:NATL text:"Gustav" from:26/08/2008 till:28/08/2008 color:WPAC text:"Lawin" from:28/08/2008 till:07/09/2008 color:NATL text:"Hanna" from:01/09/2008 till:14/09/2008 color:NATL text:"Ike" from:02/09/2008 till:06/09/2008 color:NATL text:"Josephine" from:02/09/2008 till:03/09/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Karina" from:06/09/2008 till:11/09/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Lowell" from:08/09/2008 till:21/09/2008 color:WPAC text:"Sinlaku" from:09/09/2008 till:11/09/2008 color:WPAC text:"16W" barset:break from:13/09/2008 till:14/09/2008 color:WPAC text:"17W" from:15/09/2008 till:19/09/2008 color:NIO text:BOB 04 from:19/09/2008 till:25/09/2008 color:WPAC text:"Hagupit" from:24/09/2008 till:01/10/2008 color:WPAC text:"Jangmi" from:25/09/2008 till:29/09/2008 color:NATL text:"Kyle" from:27/09/2008 till:30/09/2008 color:WPAC text:"Mekkhala" from:29/09/2008 till:01/10/2008 color:NATL text:"Laura" from:29/09/2008 till:06/10/2008 color:WPAC text:"Higos" from:01/10/2008 till:06/10/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Marie" from:04/10/2008 till:12/10/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Norbert" from:06/10/2008 till:08/10/2008 color:NATL text:"Marco" from:06/10/2008 till:08/10/2008 color:SWIO text:"01" from:08/10/2008 till:12/10/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Odile" from:12/10/2008 till:14/10/2008 color:NATL text:"Nana" barset:break from:12/10/2008 till:15/10/2008 color:WPAC text:"22W" from:13/10/2008 till:18/10/2008 color:NATL text:"Omar" from:14/10/2008 till:16/10/2008 color:NATL text:"Sixteen" from:15/10/2008 till:24/10/2008 color:SWIO text:"Asma" from:18/10/2008 till:21/10/2008 color:WPAC text:"Bavi" from:19/10/2008 till:23/10/2008 color:NIO text:ARB 02 from:23/10/2008 till:24/10/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Seventeen-E" from:25/10/2008 till:27/10/2008 color:NIO text:Rashmi from:02/11/2008 till:05/11/2008 color:EPAC/CPAC text:"Polo" from:05/11/2008 till:10/11/2008 color:NATL text:"Paloma" from:05/11/2008 till:14/11/2008 color:WPAC text:"Maysak" from:07/11/2008 till:09/11/2008 color:WPAC text:"Rolly" from:11/11/2008 till:12/11/2008 color:WPAC text:"TD" from:11/11/2008 till:16/11/2008 color:NIO text:Khai-Muk barset:break from:13/11/2008 till:21/11/2008 color:SWIO text:"Bernard" from:14/11/2008 till:17/11/2008 color:WPAC text:"Haishen" from:14/11/2008 till:17/11/2008 color:WPAC text:"Noul" from:17/11/2008 till:22/11/2008 color:AUSR text:Anika from:21/11/2008 till:22/11/2008 color:AUSR text:Bernard from:25/11/2008 till:29/11/2008 color:NIO text:Nisha from:01/12/2008 till:03/12/2008 color:SPAC text:"01F" from:02/12/2008 till:02/12/2008 color:WPAC text:"TD" from:03/12/2008 till:07/12/2008 color:NIO text:BOB 08 from:03/12/2008 till:07/12/2008 color:SPAC text:"02F" from:10/12/2008 till:11/12/2008 color:SPAC text:"03F" from:11/12/2008 till:18/12/2008 color:WPAC text:"Dolphin" from:13/12/2008 till:24/12/2008 color:SWIO text:"Cinda" from:15/12/2008 till:28/12/2008 color:AUSR text:Billy barset:break from:21/12/2008 till:24/12/2008 color:AUSR text:04U from:23/12/2008 till:29/12/2008 color:AUSR text:05U from:03/01/2009 till:06/01/2009 color:WPAC text:"Auring" from:04/01/2009 till:10/01/2009 color:SPAC text:"04F" from:07/01/2009 till:10/01/2009 color:SWIO text:"Dongo" from:08/01/2009 till:10/01/2009 color:AUSR text:"Charlotte"

bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:26/12/2007 till:31/12/2007 text:Dec. '07 from:01/01/2008 till:31/01/2008 text:January from:01/02/2008 till:29/02/2008 text:February from:01/03/2008 till:31/03/2008 text:March from:01/04/2008 till:30/04/2008 text:April from:01/05/2008 till:31/05/2008 text:May from:01/06/2008 till:30/06/2008 text:June from:01/07/2008 till:31/07/2008 text:July from:01/08/2008 till:31/08/2008 text:August from:01/09/2008 till:30/09/2008 text:September from:01/10/2008 till:31/10/2008 text:October from:01/11/2008 till:30/11/2008 text:November from:01/12/2008 till:31/12/2008 text:December From:01/01/2009 till:10/01/2009 text:Jan. '09TextData = pos:(690,30) text:"This table is based on the" pos:(810,30) text:"tropical cyclone basins"

North Atlantic Ocean

See main article: 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. The 2008 Atlantic hurricane season was the most destructive Atlantic hurricane season since 2005, causing over 1,000 deaths and nearly $50 billion (2008 USD) in damage. The season ranked as the third costliest ever at the time, but has since fallen to seventh costliest. It was an above-average season, featuring sixteen named storms, eight of which became hurricanes, and five which further became major hurricanes.^[1] It officially started on June 1 and ended on November 30. However, the formation of Tropical Storm Arthur caused the season to start one day early. It was the only year on record in which a major hurricane existed in every month from July through November in the North Atlantic. Bertha became the longest-lived July tropical cyclone on record for the basin, the first of several long-lived systems during 2008.

The season was devastating for Haiti, where nearly 800 people were killed by four consecutive tropical cyclones (Fay, Gustav, Hanna, and Ike), especially Hurricane Hanna, in August and September. These four storms caused about $1 billion in damage in Haiti alone. The precursor to Kyle and the outer rain bands of Paloma also impacted Haiti. Cuba also received extensive impacts from Gustav, Ike, and Paloma, with Gustav and Ike making landfall in the country at major hurricane intensity and Paloma being a Category 2 when striking the nation. More than $10 billion in damage and 8 deaths occurred there.

Ike was the most destructive storm of the season, as well as the strongest in terms of minimum barometric pressure, devastating Cuba as a major hurricane and later making landfall near Galveston, Texas, as a large high-end Category 2 hurricane. One very unusual feat was a streak of tropical cyclones affecting land, with all but one system impacting land in 2008. The unusual number of storms with impact led to one of the deadliest and destructive seasons in the history of the Atlantic basin, especially with Ike, as its overall damages made it the second-costliest hurricane in the Atlantic at the time.

Overall, the season's activity was reflected with a total cumulative accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 146, which was well above the normal average, and was the highest value since 2005.^[2] ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39mph, which is the threshold for tropical storm strength.^[3]

Eastern Pacific Ocean

See main article: 2008 Pacific hurricane season. The 2008 Pacific hurricane season was a near average season which produced seventeen named storms, though most were rather weak and short-lived. Only seven hurricanes formed and two major hurricanes. The season officially began on May 15 in the East Pacific Ocean, and on June 1 in the Central Pacific; they ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Pacific basin. However, the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time of the year.

This season is the first since 1996 to have no cyclones cross into the central Pacific.^[4] There were only a few notable storms this year. Tropical Storm Alma made landfall along the Pacific coast of Nicaragua, becoming the first known storm to do so. It killed 9 and did US$35 million in damage (value in 2008). It also became the first tropical storm to be retired in the Eastern Pacific basin. Hurricane Norbert became the strongest hurricane to hit the western side of the Baja Peninsula on record, killing 25.

The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2008 Pacific hurricane season was 82.135 units in the Eastern Pacific and 1.5925 units in the Central Pacific. The total ACE in the basin is  units. Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39mph.

Western Pacific Ocean

See main article: 2008 Pacific typhoon season. The 2008 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season which featured 22 named storms, eleven typhoons, and two super typhoons. The first tropical depression of the season, formed in mid January to the west of the Philippines. As it moved west, the depression did not develop any further and dissipated on January 18. After two more Tropical depressions, the first named storm, Typhoon Neoguri formed in April to the east of Mindanao. During May as a result of convection being enhanced within the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, four named storms formed which along with 1971 and 1980 was the joint highest incidence in May since 1951. Between June and October, the region was considered to be very quiet by the JMA as they only named 13 tropical cyclones. In November and December, only four tropical cyclones were named by the JMA and all four formed within the Philippine sea and the South China Sea. Typhoon Jangmi became the strongest tropical cyclone this 2008 and for this typhoon season, with 215km/h sustained winds.

North Indian Ocean

See main article: 2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. The 2008 North Indian cyclone season was one of the most disastrous tropical cyclone seasons in modern history, with tropical cyclones leaving more than 140,000 people dead and causing more than US$15 billion in damage, making it the costliest season in the North Indian Ocean, until it was made second in 2020. The IMD monitored a total of ten depressions across the North Indian Ocean, significantly below the average of fifteen. Of these systems, seven developed into deep depressions, four into cyclonic storms, and one into a very severe cyclonic storm. The JTWC unofficially tracked seven systems, with six having one-minute sustained winds greater than 65km/h, slightly above their 32-year average of five.^[5] Activity was mostly limited to the Bay of Bengal, with only two depressions developing in the Arabian Sea. Somewhat unusually, no depression developed during the month of July due to the lack of a prominent monsoon. Collectively, there were a total of 30 days of activity in the basin, with no storms existing simultaneously.^[6]

South-West Indian Ocean

January–June

See main article: 2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season.

The 2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was the third most active tropical cyclone season, along with the 1985–86 season and behind the 1993–94 season and the 2018–19 season, with twelve named tropical cyclones developing in the region. It began on November 15, 2007, and ended on April 30, 2008, with the exception for Mauritius and the Seychelles, which ended on May 15. Cyclone Hondo became the strongest tropical cyclone this season, with 215km/h on 10-min sustained winds.^{[7] [8]}

July–December

See main article: 2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season.

The 2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a slightly above average event in tropical cyclone formation. It began on November 15, 2008, and officially ended on April 30, 2009, with the exception for Mauritius and the Seychelles, for which it ended on May 15, 2009.

As predicted by the sub regional office of Mauritius ten named storms formed in this basin.^[9] It officially began on November 15, but began 1 month earlier when Tropical Storm Asma formed on October 16. Most of the storms that formed this year were weak or stayed at sea. Only two storms reached hurricane strength this year, both of which were Category 3 or higher, and only 3 storms made landfall in the entire season. Overall, the impact of this season was relatively minor, but damaging for Madagascar, due to the heavy rains from Eric, Fanele, Izilda and Jade.

Australian Region

January–June

See main article: 2007–08 Australian region cyclone season.

The 2007–08 Australian region cyclone season was a slightly below-average tropical cyclone season. The season began with an early start, with the formation of the first tropical cyclone on July 29, which was only recognized as a tropical cyclone during post-season analysis. This was the second time that a tropical cyclone had formed during July. The other one was Cyclone Lindsay in the 1996–1997 season. The next tropical cyclone that formed was Cyclone Guba, which formed on November 13 with TCWC Port Moresby assigning the name Guba on November 14, which was the first named storm within TCWC Port Moresby's area of responsibility since Cyclone Epi in June 2003. Guba was also the first cyclone to occur in the Queensland region in November since 1977.

Tropical Cyclone Lee also formed on November 13 and was named by TCWC Perth on November 14, with the system moving into RSMC Réunion's area of responsibility and being renamed Ariel. The next Cyclone to form within the Australian region was Melanie, which formed on December 27, and was named on the 28th by TCWC Perth. Melanie was the first storm of the season to require cyclone watches, and warnings were issued for the Pilbara coast, but it had weakened into a low-pressure area before it made landfall.

Tropical Cyclone Helen was the first tropical cyclone to form in 2008, in the Southern Hemisphere, forming in TCWC Darwin's area of responsibility. Helen marked the first time that Darwin had experienced a tropical cyclone since Cyclone Gretel in the 1984–85 season.^[10] Cyclone Nicholas made landfall north of Carnarvon on February 20, as a category one cyclone. Cyclone Ophelia actually formed in TCWC Darwin's area of responsibility, but had moved into TCWC Perth's area when it was named. Tropical Cyclone Pancho formed on March 23 to the south of Christmas Island, and was named by TCWC Perth on March 25; the system eventually reached category 4 status, with winds of 95kn.

In April 2008, Tropical Cyclones Rosie and Durga were the first tropical depressions to be monitored within TCWC Jakarta's area of responsibility and Durga was also the first storm to reach tropical cyclone status and named whilst being monitored by TCWC Jakarta. Durga was also the last storm of the season, which officially ended on April 30.

July–December

See main article: 2008–09 Australian region cyclone season.

The 2008–09 Australian region cyclone season was a near average tropical cyclone season. It officially started on November 1, 2008, and officially ended on April 30, 2009. This season was also the first time that the BoM implemented a "tropical cyclone year." The regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a "tropical cyclone year" separately from a "tropical cyclone season"; the "tropical cyclone year" began on July 1, 2008, and ended on June 30, 2009.^[11]

South Pacific Ocean

January–June

See main article: 2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season.

The 2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season was one of the least active South Pacific tropical cyclone season's on record, with only four tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific basin to the east of 160°E.^[12] The season officially ran from November 1, 2007, until April 30, 2008, although the first cyclone, Tropical Depression 01F, developed on October 17. The most intense tropical cyclone of the season was Severe Tropical Cyclone Daman, which reached a minimum pressure of 925sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4 as it affected Fiji. After the season had ended, the names Daman, Funa, and Gene were retired from the tropical cyclone naming lists.^[13]

July–December

See main article: 2008–09 South Pacific cyclone season.

During the season, a total of fifteen significant tropical disturbances were monitored and numbered by the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), within the South Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W.^[14] Off these tropical disturbances, six became named tropical cyclones, while none developed into severe tropical cyclones for the first time since the 1994–95 season.^[15] The first tropical disturbance of the season developed on December 1, while the final system Tropical Disturbance 15F was last noted in the basin during April 10.

Notable Tropical depressions include Tropical Depression 04F, which caused Fiji's second worst natural disasters. Tropical Depression 08F, which intensified into Cyclone Hettie becoming the first tropical cyclone to form this season. Tropical Depression 10F brought heavy rains to Vanuatu and before making landfall on New Caledonia intensified into Category One Tropical Cyclone Innis. After it made landfall Innis became the first Tropical Depression to move into TCWC Brisbane's Area of responsibility since Cyclone Larry. Cyclones Joni and Ken both threatened the Southern Cook Islands however the only impact they had was minimal. Cyclone Jasper then moved into the region early on March 24 at peak intensity, having developed inside TCWC Brisbane's area of responsibility two days earlier. The final disturbance this year to develop was 15F to the northeast of the Solomon Islands.^{[16] [17]}

Mediterranean Sea

See main article: Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone. In the Mediterranean Sea, there were 3 Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones formed, but they aren't well-documented.June 2008, August 2008, and September 2008,^[18] December 4, 2008^[19] were the dates when they took shape. The damages, deaths, and the affected places are unknown.

Systems

A total of 124 systems formed globally in the year with 83 of them causing significant damage, deaths, and/or setting records for their basin.

January

The month of January was moderately active, seeing eleven tropical cyclones develop, with five being named. Tropical Cyclone Elisa affected Tonga and Niue as a tropical cyclone on early January, whileSevere Tropical Cyclone Funa became the second strongest tropical cyclone during the 2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season, causing heavy flood and wind damage to Vanuatu. On the South-West Indian Ocean basin, 3 more systems formed on the South-West Indian Ocean basin: 07, Fame and Gula, which caused torrential rainfall and gusty winds to the Mascarene Islands and Madagascar. 08F, 09F, 11F, and Guna formed on the South Pacific basin, while 2 systems formed in the West Pacific basin: 01W and an unmonitored weak tropical depression.

Tropical cyclones formed in July 2008

Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
07	January 6–8	35 (25)	1003	Réunion	None	None	^[20]
Elisa	January 7–11	95 (60)	980	Fiji, Tonga	None	None	^[21]
	January 9–14	45 (30)	998	Vanuatu, Fiji	None	None	^[22]
	January 12–13	Not specified	999		None	None	^[23]
	January 13–18	55 (35)	1004		None	None	^[24] ^[25]
Funa	January 15–21	175 (110)	930	Vanuatu, Fiji, New Zealand	Unknown	None	^[26] ^[27] ^[28]
	January 19–24	75 (45)	999	Tonga	None	None	^[29]
	January 22–23	Not specified	1006	None	None	None	^[30]
	January 22–February 1	130 (80)	972	Comoros, Mayotte, Madagascar, Réunion	$51 thousand	13	^[31]
	January 25–February 1	155 (100)	950	Mauritius	None	None	^[32] ^[33] ^[34] ^[35]
Gene	January 26–February 6	155 (100)	945		$35 million	8	^[36] ^[37]

February

The month of February is tied with May as the second least active month in terms of formed systems with 7 tropical systems; however, 4 were named and developed hurricane-force winds and were classified as severe tropical cyclones. No tropical cyclones developed within the Northern Hemisphere, the fourth occurrence since 2005. Cyclone Hondo was the strongest and longest-lived tropical cyclone to develop during the 2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, which affected Mauritius and Reunion. On the South-west Indian Ocean basin, one more system formed: Cyclone Ivan which devastated Madagascar as an intense tropical cyclone. On the Australian basin, 4 systems took shape: a tropical low, Nicholas, Ophelia, and 20P. On the South Pacific basin, 13F formed, which affected Cook Islands in its lifetime.

Tropical cyclones formed in February 2008

Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
	February 2–29	215 (130)	915		Minimal	None	^[38] ^[39]
	February 4–10	55 (35)	990	None	None	None	^[40] ^[41]
	February 5–27	185 (115)	930		$30 million	93	^[42] ^[43] ^[44]
	February 10–20	130 (80)	956		None	None	^[45] ^[46] ^[47] ^[48]
	February 17–18	45 (30)	1008	Cook Islands	None	None	^[49] ^[50] ^[51]
	February 27–March 7	100 (65)	976		None	None	^[52] ^[53]
20P	February 29	55 (35)	999	None	None	None	^[54] ^[55]

March

March is tied with April and June as the least active month, with just six tropical cyclones; however, four of them are named. Intense Tropical Cyclone Jokwe was the first tropical cyclone to make landfall in Mozambique since Cyclone Favio struck in the previous year, and was the most recent cyclone to make landfall on the same country until it was overtaken by Cyclone Dineo in 2017. 2 more systems formed in the southwest Indian Ocean basin: Kamba and Lola., with the latter affecting Mauritius. 14F formed on the South Pacific basin and brought little to none damages on New Caledonia, while Pancho formed on the Australian basin, affecting Christmas Island and Western Australia as a severe tropical cyclone. A tropical depression on the West Pacific was identified on March 26–27, affecting the Philippines.

Tropical cyclones formed in March 2008

Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
Jokwe	March 2–16	195 (120)	940	Madagascar, Mozambique	$8 million	16	^[56] ^[57] ^[58]
	March 5–14	185 (115)	930	None	None	None	^[59] ^[60] ^[61]
	March 18–27	65 (40)	994		None	None	^[62] ^[63] ^[64]
	March 19–23	55 (35)	998		None	None	^[65] ^[66] ^[67] ^[68]
	March 25–29	165 (105)	938		None	None	^[69] ^[70] ^[71] ^[72]
	March 26–27	Not specified	1006		None	None

April

The month of April is tied with March and June as the least active month, with just 6 systems developing; however, 4 are respectively named. Typhoon Neoguri was the earliest tropical cyclone on record to strike the mainland China, which left 26 deaths and over $65 million worth of damages to the said country. Also included here is Cyclone Nargis which is an extremely destructive and deadly tropical cyclone, and became the second-costliest tropical cyclone recorded in the Indian Ocean, just after Cyclone Amphan in 2020. It left an unconfirmed total of 138,373 deaths; mainly on Myanmar and $12.9 billion worth of damages. 2 depressions formed on the South Pacific basin and affected Vanuatu and New Caledonia: 15F and 16F. Rosie and Durga formed on the Australian region; bringing minor damages and rainfall on Christmas Island and Cocos Islands.

Tropical cyclones formed in April 2008

Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
15F	April 4 – 7	45 (30)	1002	Vanuatu, New Caledonia	None	None	^[73]
Neoguri (Ambo)	April 13 – 21	150 (90)	960	Philippines, China	$65 million	26	^[74] ^[75] ^[76] ^[77] ^[78]
16F	April 16 – 19	55 (35)	998	Vanuatu, New Caledonia	None	None	^[79] ^[80] ^[81]
Rosie	April 20 – 24	95 (60)	988	Christmas Island	Minor	None	^[82] ^[83]
Durga	April 20 – 26	95 (60)	984	Cocos Islands	None	None	^[84] ^[85]
Nargis	April 27 – May 3	165 (150)	962	Bangladesh, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, China	$12.9 billion	≥138,373	^[86] ^[87] ^[88] ^[89]

May

The month of May was tied with February as the second-least active month, with seven systems developing; six of those being named. Included here is Typhoon Rammasun, which brought gusty rainfalls across eastern Philippines and paralleled on Japan before weakening. Matmo, a tropical depression, Nakri and Tropical Storm Halong also formed on the West Pacific, affecting Philippines, Japan, the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Mariana Islands. Tropical Storm Alma formed on the East Pacific basin. As it dissipated over Central America, its remnants interacted with two tropical waves, subsequently forming Tropical Storm Arthur on the Atlantic, which worsened the situations on the place which Alma made landfall.

Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
Rammasun (Butchoy)	May 7 – 14	195 (120)	915	Philippines, Japan	$9.6 million	4
Matmo (Dindo)	May 14 – 17	95 (60)	992	Philippines, Japan	None	None
Halong (Cosme)	May 14 – 20	110 (70)	970	Philippines, Japan, Kamchatka Peninsula	$100 million	61
Nakri (Enteng)	May 26 – June 3	185 (115)	930	Mariana Islands, Japan	None	None
TD	May 27 – 28	Not specified	1006	Philippines	None	None
Alma	May 29 – June 1	100 (65)	994	Central America	$35 million	11
Arthur	May 31 – June 1	75 (45)	1004	Honduras, Belize, Mexico, Guatemala	$78 million	9	^[90]

June

The month of June is tied with March and April for the most inactive month with 6 systems developing; however, 3 are named. Fengshen made a direct hit on the Philippines and China, causing severe damage and resulted in at least 1,371 deaths and leaving at least 87 people missing. Another unmonitored tropical depression struck Taiwan and affected South Korea on June 6. On the North Indian Ocean basin, ARB 01 and BOB 02 formed; bringing torrential rainfall and damages on Oman, India and Bangladesh. Boris and Cristina took shape on the East Pacific basin; however, they stayed well from the land. An unidentified medicane formed in June 2008, however, it was unknown.

Tropical cyclones formed in June 2008

Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
ARB 01	June 5–7	45 (30)	994	Oman	None	None
TD	June 6	Not specified	1006	Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands	None	None
BOB 02	June 16–18	45 (30)	988	India, Bangladesh	Unknown	54
Fengshen (Frank)	June 17–27	165 (105)	945	Palau, Philippines, Hong Kong, Macau, Guangdong	$480 million	1,371
Boris	June 27 – July 4	80 (130)	985	None	None	None
Cristina	June 27–30	50 (85)	999	None	None	None
June 2008 Medicane	June	Not specified	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown

July

During July, thirteen tropical cyclones formed and the month became the third-most active month of the year, with ten of the cyclones being named. Included here is Bertha, which became the longest-lived Atlantic tropical cyclone on record during the month of July. It affected the East Coast of the United States and Bermuda, leaving 3 fatalities and minimal damages. A near hurricane-strength Cristobal skirted Florida and The Carolinas as a developing tropical storm, and the Atlantic Canada as an extratropical storm. Dolly severely impacted Texas, New Mexico and Arizona as a Category 3 major hurricane, while it affected the Yucatán Peninsula and Mexico as a tropical storm. It was responsible for 22 fatalities and $1.6 billion worth of damages. Back in the West Pacific, the activity started with Gener which impacted Guangdong Province in China. Kalmaegi followed, skirting to the east of Philippines before impacting Taiwan and China. It was responsible for $332.3 million worth of damages and 25 deaths. Adding on, Fung-wong severely impacted Taiwan as a Category 2 typhoon, just 10 days after Kalmaegi lashed the country. 2 more weak depressions formed; however, it didn't affect any landmasses. On the East Pacific, Douglas started the activity, skirting to the northeast of Mexico. A tropical depression brought torrential rainfalls across Southwestern Mexico, leaving 2 deaths and $2.2 million worth of damages. Elida, Fausto and Genevieve followed suit; however, it didn't affect any major landmasses, but it brought rainfalls across Clarion Island and Socorro Island.

Tropical cyclones formed in July 2008

Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
Douglas	July 1–4	40 (65)	1003	Northwestern Mexico, Baja California Peninsula	None	None
Bertha	July 3–20	125 (205)	952	Cabo Verde, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States	Minimal	3	^[91] ^[92] ^[93] ^[94]
Gener	July 4–8	55 (35)	1000	China	None	None
Five-E	July 5–7	35 (55)	1005	Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico	$2.2 million	2
TD	July 6–9	Not specified	1004	None	None	None
Elida	July 11–19	105 (165)	970	Southwestern Mexico, Hawaii	None	None
TD	July 13–15	Not specified	1006	None	None	None
Kalmaegi (Helen)	July 13–20	120 (75)	970	Philippines, Taiwan, China, Korea, Japan	$332 million	25
Fausto	July 15–22	90 (150)	977	Clarion Island, Socorro Island	Minimal	None
Cristobal	July 19–23	65 (100)	998	Southeastern United States, Atlantic Canada	$10,000	None	^[95] ^[96] ^[97] ^[98]
Dolly	July 20–27	100 (155)	963	Cayman Islands, Honduras, Belize, Guatemala, Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona	$1.6 billion	22	^[99] ^[100] ^[101]
Genevieve	July 21–27	75 (120)	987	Hawaii	None	None
Fung-wong (Igme)	July 23–30	140 (85)	960	Northern Luzon, Taiwan, mainland China	$541 million	23

August

August was the second most active month of the year, seeing 18 tropical cyclones forming and 14 named storms.

Tropical cyclones formed in August 2008

Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
Edouard	August 3–6	100 (65)	996	Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma	$550,000	6	^[102] ^[103] ^[104]
Kammuri (Julian)	August 3–8	95 (60)	975	Philippines, China, Vietnam, Hong Kong	$200 million	204	^[105] ^[106] ^[107]
Hernan	August 6–12	195 (120)	956	Hawaii	None	None	^[108] ^[109]
Kika	August 7–12	65 (40)	1007	None	None	None	^[110] ^[111]
BOB 03	August 9–10	45 (30)	1004	Orissa, West Bengal	Unknown	61	^[112]
Phanfone	August 9–11	95 (60)	996	None	None	None	^[113] ^[114]
TD	August 10–12	Not specified	998	China	None	None	^[115]
TD	August 11–15	Not specified	1000	Japan, South Korea	None	None
11W	August 12–15	55 (35)	998	Japan, South Korea	Minor	None	^[116] ^[117]
Iselle	August 13–16	85 (50)	999	None	None	None	^[118]
Vongfong	August 14–17	95 (60)	990	Japan	Minor	1	^[119] ^[120]
Kika	August 14–16	35 (25)	1010	None	None	None	^[121]
Fay	August 15–27	110 (70)	986	Leeward Islands, Greater Antilles, Southeastern United States	$560 million	36	^[122] ^[123] ^[124]
Nuri (Karen)	August 17–23	140 (85)	955	Philippines, Mainland China, Hong Kong	$85 million	20	^[125] ^[126] ^[127]
Julio	August 23–27	85 (50)	998	Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Arizona, Nevada, California	$1 million	2	^[128] ^[129] ^[130]
Gustav	August 25 – September 7	250 (155)	941	Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Gulf Coast of the United States, Midwestern United States	$8.31 billion	153	^[131] ^[132]
14W (Lawin)	August 26–28	55 (35)	1002	Philippines, Taiwan	None	None	^[133] ^[134]
Hanna	August 28 – September 12	140 (85)	977	Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas, Hispaniola, Eastern Seaboard, Atlantic Canada	$160 million	~537	^[135] ^[136]
August 2008 Medicane	August	Not specified	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown

September

Tropical cyclones formed in September 2008

Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
Ike	September 1–15	230 (145)	935	Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, Cuba, Gulf Coast of the United States, Midwestern United States, Eastern Canada, Iceland	$38 billion	214	^[137] ^[138]
Josephine	September 2–6	100 (65)	994	Cabo Verde, Saint Croix	Minimal	None	^[139]
Karina	September 2–3	65 (40)	1000	Socorro Island	None	None	^[140]
Lowell	September 6–11	85 (50)	998	Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora, Nayarit, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Oklahoma, Kansas, Socorro Island	$15.5 million	6	^[141] ^[142]
Sinlaku (Marce)	September 8–25	185 (115)	935	Philippines, Taiwan, People's Republic of China, Japan	$1.1 billion	14	^[143] ^[144] ^[145] ^[146]
16W	September 9–11	55 (35)	1002	Japan	None	None	^[147] ^[148]
17W	September 13–14	45 (30)	1010	None	None	None	^[149] ^[150]
BOB 04	September 15–19	55 (35)	986	India	Unknown	25	^[151] ^[152] ^[153]
Hagupit (Nina)	September 18–25	165 (105)	935	Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, Vietnam	$1 billion	102	^[154] ^[155] ^[156] ^[157]
Jangmi (Ofel)	September 23 – October 5	215 (130)	905	Taiwan, Japan	$87.7 million	6	^[158] ^[159] ^[160]
Kyle	September 25–30	140 (85)	984	Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Bermuda, New England, Atlantic Canada, southeastern Quebec	$57.1 million	8	^[161] ^[162]
Mekkhala	September 27–30	85 (50)	990	Vietnam, Laos, Thailand	$6.6 million	16	^[163] ^[164] ^[165] ^[166]
Laura	September 29 – October 4	95 (60)	994	Azores, Atlantic Canada, Greenland, Europe	Minimal	None	^[167] ^[168]
Higos (Pablo)	September 29 – October 6	65 (40)	998	Philippines, China	$6.5 million	Unknown	^[169] ^[170] ^[171]

October

Tropical cyclones formed in October 2008

Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
Marie	October 1–6	130 (80)	984	None	None	None	^[172]
Norbert	October 3–12	215 (130)	945	Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa	$98.5 million	25	^[173] ^[174]
Marco	October 6–7	100 (65)	998	Mexico	Minimal	None	^[175] ^[176]
01	October 6–8	35 (25)	1006	None	None	None	^[177]
Odile	October 8–12	95 (60)	997	Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Southwestern Mexico	Minimal	None	^[178] ^[179]
Nana	October 12–14	65 (40)	1004	None	None	None	^[180]
22W	October 12–15	55 (35)	1006	China, Vietnam	Moderate	None	^[181] ^[182]
Omar	October 13–21	215 (130)	958	Venezuela, Leeward Antilles, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico	$80 million	1	^[183] ^[184]
Sixteen	October 14–15	45 (30)	1004	Honduras, Belize, Nicaragua	≥ $150 million	9	^[185] ^[186]
Asma	October 15–24	85 (50)	988	Comoros, Northern Madagascar, Mozambique, Tanzania	Unknown	1	^[187] ^[188] ^[189]
Bavi	October 18–20	85 (50)	992	None	None	None
ARB 02	October 19–23	55 (35)	1000	Yemen	$1.638 billion	180	^[190]
Seventeen-E	October 23–24	55 (35)	1008	None	None	None	^[191]
Rashmi	October 25–27	85 (50)	984	Bangladesh, India	Unknown	28	^[192] ^[193]

November

Tropical cyclones formed in November 2008

Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
Polo	November 2–5	75 (45)	1003	None	None	None	^[194]
Paloma	November 5–14	230 (145)	944	Central America, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Bahamas, Florida	$454.5 million	1	^[195] ^[196]
Maysak (Quinta-Siony)	November 6–14	95 (60)	985	Philippines	Minimal	19	^[197]
Rolly	November 7–9	55 (35)	1006	Philippines	None	None	^[198] ^[199] ^[200]
TD	November 11–12	Not specified	1004	None	None	None	^[201]
Khai-Muk	November 13–16	65 (40)	996	India	$314 million	None	^[202] ^[203] ^[204] ^[205]
Bernard	November 13–21	65 (40)	995	None	None	None	^[206] ^[207] ^[208]
Haishen	November 14–17	75 (45)	1004	None	None	None	^[209] ^[210] ^[211]
Noul (Tonyo)	November 14–17	75 (45)	994	Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia	$8.4 million	21	^[212] ^[213] ^[214]
Anika	November 17–22	95 (60)	990	Cocos Island	None	None	^[215] ^[216] ^[217]
01U	November 21	35 (25)	1003	None	None	None	^[218]
Nisha	November 25–29	85 (50)	996	Sri Lanka, India	$800 million	204	^[219] ^[220]

December

Tropical cyclones formed in December 2008

Storm name	Dates active	Max wind km/h (mph)	Pressure (hPa)	Areas affected	Damage (USD)	Deaths	Refs
01F	December 1–2	Not specified	1006	None	None	None	^[221] ^[222]
TD	December 2	Not specified	1006	None	None	None
02F	December 3–6	45 (30)	1004	Cook Islands	None	None	^[223]
	December 4–7	55 (35)	1004	Sri Lanka, India	None	None	^[224] ^[225]
03F	December 10	Not specified	1006	None	None	None	^[226] ^[227]
Dolphin (Ulysses)	December 11–20	120 (75)	970	Papua New Guinea, Hawaii, Wake Island, Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, Micronesia	≤ $9,000	47	^[228] ^[229]
Cinda	December 13–24	95 (60)	985	None	None	None
Billy	December 17–28	175 (110)	950	Northwestern Australia	Unknown	1	^[230]
04U	December 21–24	55 (35)	1000	Northern Territory	None	None	^[231] ^[232]
05U	December 23–28	35 (25)	1003	None	None	None	^[233] ^[234]

Global effects

Season name	Areas affected	Systems formed	Named storms	Damage (USD)	Deaths
2008 Atlantic hurricane season	The Bahamas, East Coast of the United States, Gulf Coast of the United States, Midwestern United States, Eastern Canada, Bermuda, Antillean Islands, Hispaniola, Cuba, Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Cabo Verde Islands, Senegal, Azores, ABC Islands, San Andrés and Providencia	17	16	≥ $49.855 billion	1,073
2008 Pacific hurricane season	Central America, Baja California Peninsula, Southwestern Mexico, Yucatán Peninsula, Socorro Island, Hawaii, California, Arizona, Clarion Island	19	17	$152.2 million	46
2008 Pacific typhoon season ^3	Palau, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, China, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, North Korea, South Korea, Siberia, Myanmar, Cambodia	41	25	$5.97 billion	1,965
2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season	Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Yunnan, Oman, India, Yemen, Sri Lanka	10	4	~ $15.3 billion	138,927
2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season ^2	Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Tromelin Island, Réunion, Rodrigues	8	7	≥ $38.051 million	122
2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season ^3	Madagascar, Comoros, Chagos Archipelago, Tromelin Island	4	3	Unknown	1
2007–08 Australian region cyclone season ^2	Western Australia, Christmas Island	7	5	Unknown	None
2008–09 Australian region cyclone season ^3	Cocos Island, Northwestern Australia, Northern Territory	5	2	Minor	1
2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season ^2	Tonga, Niue, Vanuatu, Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand	7	4	≥ $35 million	8
2008–09 South Pacific cyclone season ^3	Southern Cook Islands	3	0	None	0
2008 Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone season	Unknown	3	0	Unknown	Unknown
Worldwide	(See above)			$294.100 billion	142,143

Notes

¹ Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 2008 are counted in the seasonal totals.
² Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 2008 are counted in the seasonal totals.
³ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
⁴ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.

See also

• Tropical cyclones by year
• List of earthquakes in 2008
• Tornadoes of 2008

External links

Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers

• US National Hurricane Center – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
• Central Pacific Hurricane Center – Central Pacific
• Japan Meteorological Agency – NW Pacific
• India Meteorological Department – Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea
• Météo-France – La Reunion – South Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
• Fiji Meteorological Service – South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S

Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers

• Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 141°E, generally north of 10°S
• Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane) – South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, generally south of 10°S
• Papua New Guinea National Weather Service – South Pacific Ocean from 141°E to 160°E, generally north of 10°S
• Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S

Notes and References

1. Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. May 23, 2013. National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. July 1, 2019. Miami, Florida.
2. Web site: Hurricane Research Division . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . June 2019. Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT. February 27, 2020.
3. Web site: Christopher W. Landsea. Hurricane Research Division. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2019. Subject: E11) How many tropical cyclones have there been each year in the Atlantic basin? What years were the greatest and fewest seen?. July 2, 2019.
4. Web site: Previous Tropical Systems in the Central Pacific. 2008-12-01 . mdy-all. . https://web.archive.org/web/20081222102349/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/. December 22, 2008 . live.
5. Web site: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 2009. May 19, 2013. Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones. 46–48. February 21, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130221071442/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/2008atcr.pdf. dead.
6. Web site: India Meteorological Department . 2009 . May 19, 2013 . Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2008: Cyclonic Activities Over the North Indian Ocean During 2008 . 16–23 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130412041050/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf . April 12, 2013.
7. Web site: [ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Seychelles/2008020406-FMEE Tropical cyclone Warning 02-04-2008 06z ]. Météo-France . September 19, 2009.
8. Web site: Météo France. August 8, 2008. September 19, 2009. Données Relatives au Système Dépressionnaire Tropical 13: Cyclone Tropical Intense Hondo. fr.
9. Web site: Winter 2009 - Seasonal Outlook . May 6, 2009 . Mauritius Meteorological Services . September 20, 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091005040712/http://metservice.intnet.mu/wsoutluk.htm . October 5, 2009 . mdy-all.
10. Web site: Hurricane Season 2008:Tropical Cyclone Helen (Indian). NASA. August 20, 2008.
11. Web site: Tropical Cyclone Operational plan for the South Pacific & Southeast Indian Ocean 2008. WMO. December 11, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20090325105120/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/TCP24-English2008.pdf. March 25, 2009. dead.
12. 2008-12-08. 2012-02-26 . mdy-all. Tropical Cyclone Seasonal Summary 2007-08. RSMC Nadi — Tropical Cyclone Centre. Fiji Meteorological Service. World Meteorological Organization.
13. Web site: Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean 2008 . World Meteorological Organization . 2009-04-15 . mdy-all . 2008-03-10 . Unattributed . RA V Tropical cyclone Committee . https://web.archive.org/web/20090325105120/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/TCP24-English2008.pdf . 2009-03-25 . live.
14. Web site: Tropical Cyclone Season Summary 2008–09 Season. Fiji Meteorological Service. April 16, 2019.
15. Fiji Meteorological Service . Tropical Cyclone Guidance for Season 2010/11 for the Fiji and the Southwest Pacific . October 26, 2010. https://www.webcitation.org/65kvh9FwY?url=http://www.met.gov.fj/2010_2011%20TC%20Guide.pdf. April 18, 2019. February 27, 2012. dead.
16. Tropical Disturbance Summary April 7, 2009 21z . April 7, 2009 . Fiji Meteorological Service. April 18, 2019. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080304144619/http://www.met.gov.fj/slowlinks/aifs_prods/20036.txt . March 4, 2008 . mdy-all.
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