Hurricane Fiona Explained

Formed:September 14, 2022
Extratropical:September 23, 2022
Dissipated:September 27, 2022
Winds:120
Pressure:931
Fatalities:29
Year:2022
Damage-Prefix:≥
Damage:3090000000
Damage-Suffix:
(Costliest tropical cyclone in Canadian history)
Areas:Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Lucayan Archipelago, Bermuda, Atlantic Canada, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Greenland
Refs:[1]
Season:2022 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Fiona was a large, powerful, and destructive Category 4 Atlantic hurricane which was the costliest and most intense tropical or post-tropical cyclone to hit Canada on record. It was the sixth named storm, third hurricane and first major hurricane of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season.

Fiona developed from a tropical wave that emerged from West Africa, before developing into a tropical depression east of the Leeward Islands on September 14. Though under the influence of moderate to strong wind shear, the system was able to strengthen, becoming Tropical Storm Fiona later that same day. On September 16, Fiona passed over Guadeloupe and entered the Caribbean Sea, where atmospheric conditions improved, and strengthened into a hurricane as it approached Puerto Rico two days later. A few hours afterward, the eye of Fiona made landfall along the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico, near Punta Tocon, between the municipalities of Lajas and Cabo Rojo. The hurricane made landfall in the Dominican Republic shortly thereafter, and then strengthened into the first major hurricane of the season. As the storm slowly moved through the Turks and Caicos, it continued to strengthen and reached Category 4 status the following day, while accelerating north. The storm reached peak 1-minute sustained winds of and a minimum pressure of . After passing Bermuda and weakening to Category 3 intensity, Fiona quickly transitioned into a large and powerful extratropical cyclone and struck Nova Scotia with sustained winds of early on September 24. Post-tropical Fiona then quickly weakened as it moved through the Gulf of St. Lawrence and over the southeastern Labrador Peninsula. The remnants then dissipated over the Labrador Sea near the southwest coast of Greenland on September 27.

Guadeloupe received near-record rainfall, leaving 40% of the population without water for a few days. Puerto Rico suffered from the worst flooding since Hurricane Maria of 2017, and an island-wide blackout occurred. A third of the territory's population was left without water, and at least 25 people died. In the Dominican Republic and the Turks and Caicos, the islands were pounded by heavy rainfall and strong winds, causing flooding and blackouts. Fiona was the strongest cyclone on record to make landfall in Canada based on atmospheric pressure[2] and was one of the wettest ever recorded in the country as well.

Meteorological history

Early on September 12, 2022, the NHC began to monitor a tropical wave over the central tropical Atlantic for gradual development, though environmental conditions for development were assessed as only marginally favorable.[3] Even so, shower and thunderstorm activity within the disturbance began to become more concentrated later that same day,[4] then increased and became better organized during the next day.[5] The circulation associated with the system became more defined and persisted overnight and into the morning of September 14, attaining sufficient organization to designated as Tropical Depression Seven later that day.[6] Despite the continued effects of moderate westerly shear and dry mid-level air flow,[7] new satellite imagery indicated the depression had strengthened, thus at 01:45 UTC on September 15, it became Tropical Storm Fiona.[8]

The storm passed over Guadeloupe with winds on September 16, as it entered the eastern Caribbean.[9] Early on September 18, the storm strengthened into a hurricane as it approached Puerto Rico.[10] A few hours later, the eye of Fiona made landfall along the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico near Punta Tocon between the municipalities of Lajas and Cabo Rojo at 19:20 UTC on September 18, with maximum sustained winds of 85mph and a minimum central pressure of 986mbar.[11] The storm emerged over the Mona Passage and strengthened slightly further before making landfall in the Dominican Republic near Boca de Yuma around 07:30 UTC the next morning, with maximum sustained winds of 80kn and a minimum central pressure of 977mbar.[12] Fiona weakened slightly over land, but after emerging off the northern coast of the Dominican Republic and back over the Atlantic Ocean, it began to intensify again, reaching Category 2 intensity at 21:00 UTC on September 19.[13]

Fiona then reached Category 3 intensity at 06:00 UTC the next morning, becoming the first major hurricane of the season.[14] Gradual strengthening continued and Fiona became a Category 4 hurricane at 06:00 UTC September 21.[15] By 00:00 UTC on September 23, Fiona attained a minimum central pressure of 931mbar (its lowest pressure while a tropical cyclone) at 30.8°N, the lowest such value at this latitude over the North Atlantic Ocean since at least 1979.[16] [17] Fiona then weakened slightly, dropping to Category 3 status at 09:00 UTC,[18] but restrengthened back to Category 4 strength six hours later;[19] at that time, with a central pressure of 936mbar or lower, the storm was also the most intense Category 4 Atlantic hurricane on record at such a northerly latitude.[20] Six hours later, as it began interact with a mid- to upper-level trough, Fiona began to slowly weaken again and accelerated to the north-northeast at 40mph,[21] and subsequently became a post-tropical cyclone as it became embedded within the larger-scale trough while still maintaining major hurricane-force winds of . Steady weakening continued and by 07:00 UTC on September 24, the center of Fiona made landfall with estimated winds of on the Canso Peninsula, Nova Scotia, near Whitehead; based on observations from a nearby weather station at Hart Island and the East Chedabucto Bay buoy, the central pressure at the time was estimated to have been 931mbar, the lowest measured on record in association with a landfalling post-tropical cyclone in Canada, and a new national record from any storm.[22] [23] [24] Wind gusts across Nova Scotia recorded figures in excess of 160kph, with Arisaig recording a peak of 179kph.[23] Extremely large waves reached the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia late September 24. Buoy data indicated wave heights of 5to. The largest offshore waves were near and east of Fiona's path; this was indicated by satellite data and reports from a buoy over Banquereau Bank where waves averaged 12to with peak waves as high as 30meters.[23] Fiona then moved over Cape Breton Island with hurricane-strength winds and hit Prince Edward Island. It continued to weaken as it moved northward into the Gulf of St. Lawrence.[25] When the NHC issued its final advisory on Fiona at 21:00 UTC that same day, it was centered about 80miles northwest of Port aux Basques, Newfoundland, and had maximum sustained winds of .[26] Fiona would continue to weaken as it moved erratically northward into the northwestern Atlantic before dissipating west of Greenland over Baffin Bay on September 27.

Preparations

After the naming of Fiona, tropical storm watches were issued for the islands of Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Maarten, Antigua and Barbuda, St. Kitts and Nevis, Montserrat, and Anguilla.[27] These were raised to tropical storm warnings two advisories later with watches extended south to Guadeloupe, St. Barthelemy, and St. Martin.[28] As Fiona moved west, tropical storm watches then warnings were put in place for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Parts of the Dominican Republic also had tropical storm watches put in place.[29] [30] [31]

On September 17, the first hurricane watches were put in place for Puerto Rico and soon after, the Dominican Republic. By 14:00 UTC the same day, the hurricane watch in Puerto Rico was upgraded to a hurricane warning with the watch extended to the U.S. Virgin Islands.[32] [33] As a result, Virgin Islands National Park closed.[34]

On approach to Atlantic Canada, Fiona's unprecedented strength prompted the Canadian Hurricane Centre to warn residents of "heavy rainfall" and powerful "hurricane-force winds". The center also called the event "severe".[35] Bob Robichaud, a meteorologist for Environment and Climate Change Canada, said the storm will be one that "everybody remembers".[36] The Kejimkujik National Park temporarily closed due to the extratropical cyclone.[37]

Impact

Impact by country or region
County/Region Deaths Damage (USD)
1
0
Puerto Rico23>[38] [39]
2 [40]
0
0
Canada 3 >[41] [42]
Total 29 ≥
At least 29 deaths have been confirmed throughout the Caribbean and Canada from Hurricane Fiona as of September 30. The search and rescue team took about two weeks to finish their search of people that were missing.

Guadeloupe

Guadeloupe received large amounts of rain, at a rate of more than 150 mm per hour in some places where the rivers washed away dozen of roads and bridges, and one person died when his house was washed away in the floods near the Rivière des Pères in the district of Basse-Terre. Firefighters carried out 130 interventions and 23 people were rescued. The cyclonic swell reached 2mto4mm (07feetto13feetm) and the gusts exceeded with a peak of at Baie-Mahault and at Anse-Bertrand.[43] The storm left over 1.000 homeless and the minister Jean-François Carenco declared area of natural disaster September 24 for 22 towns.[44]

Puerto Rico

On September 18, Hurricane Fiona caused a power outage in the entirety of Puerto Rico.[45] All aspects of the grid were damaged, including substations and high voltage power lines. Preliminary assessments indicated the grid suffered more than US$2 billion in damage.[39] The winds from the storm covered the entire island bringing heavy rainfall.[45] That day, U.S. President Joe Biden declared a state of emergency over the hurricane.[46] A flash flood warning was declared on September 19.[47] Roads were stripped of pavement due to Fiona's torrential rainfall, roofs were torn off houses, and at least one bridge was completely washed away. A million people, about 33% of the population, were left without drinking water. Two days after the storm, less than 10% of customers had their power restored. A gauge near Ponce measured 31.34inches inches of rain,[48] while winds gusted to as high as .[49] Many landslides were recorded throughout the island.[50] Many crops were destroyed, and agriculture secretary Ramón González Beiró forecast a roughly $100 million loss this year.[51] [52]

U.S. President Joe Biden declared a state of emergency over the storm on September 18, 2022, and all flights to and from Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport were canceled.[53] On the same day, the effects of Fiona's massive rainfall cut off all of the power in Puerto Rico.[54] At least 21 deaths in Puerto Rico have been attributed to the hurricane.[40]

Dominican Republic

The eye of Hurricane Fiona made landfall along the coast of the Dominican Republic near Boca de Yuma at 07:30 UTC on September 19.[55] It was the first hurricane to make landfall in the country in 18 years.[56]

President Luis Abinader declared state of emergency in five southeastern provinces and three northeastern provinces and visited La Altagracia, El Seibo and Hato Mayor — the most damaged provinces — on 20 September 2022.[57] Over one million people were left without running water and another 350,000 in the country were left without electricity in the country after Fiona had passed.[58] [59] Widespread rainfall totals of 8- drenched the country. At least 2 people were killed and over 8,300 homes were destroyed in the Dominican Republic.[60] President Abinader stated that damage from the storm exceeded 20 billion pesos (US$375 million).[61]

Turks and Caicos

Fiona's eye passed through the Grand Turks island, severely affecting the telecommunications in the archipelago. At least 40% of the territory was left without electricity, with total blackouts reported in North Caicos, Middle Caicos, South Caicos, Grand Turk and Salt Cay. 30% of Providenciales experienced power outages.[62] Moderate damage and no deaths were reported.[63]

Antigua

During the New Zealand women's cricket team tour of the West Indies in September and October 2022, the three-match Women's One Day Internationals (WODI) had to be rescheduled due to the impact of Fiona. The first WODI, scheduled to be played on 16 September, was postponed to 19 September and the remaining two matches also had to be rescheduled.[64]

Bermuda

Passing west of the island, Fiona's large size produced sustained tropical storm-force winds over Bermuda for several hours; L.F. Wade International Airport reported a gust of .[65] Over 80% of the island lost power.[66]

Eastern Canada

Fiona made landfall near Whitehead, Nova Scotia, on the morning of September 24 as a recently transitioned extratropical cyclone with hurricane-force winds.[67] [68] [69] Environment Canada assessed Fiona's maximum sustained winds at the time of landfall to be around 105mph; these winds would be comparable to a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir - Simpson scale.[70] It was the strongest storm in Canadian history as gauged by barometric pressure; a pressure of 932.7 mbar (hPa; 27.54 inHg) was unofficially measured on Hart Island, setting the all-time low pressure record for any landfalling cyclone on Canadian shores. The pressure was also potentially lower than any other air pressure measurement along the coast of eastern Northern America outside of the United States Gulf Coast states. Other weather stations also documented pressures below the previous record of 940.2mbar. A peak wind gust of was recorded in Arisaig, Nova Scotia.[71] Peak gusts in other Canadian provinces included at Wreckhouse, Newfoundland and Labrador, 93mph at East Point, Prince Edward Island, on the Magdalen Islands of Quebec, and on Miscou Island in New Brunswick.[72] Fiona also generated large waves and destructive storm surge, with the highest waves occurring east of the storm's center. A buoy on the Banquereau Bank registered wave heights as high as 98feet along with average wave heights of around 40feet-50feetft (-ft). The onshore push of storm surge led to record water level heights being set at Escuminac, New Brunswick, and Channel-Port aux Basques. Rainfall totals from Fiona were less than anticipated due to the entrainment of dry air into the cyclone. The heaviest rains fell in eastern Nova Scotia, where totals generally ranged between .

Fiona affected the four provinces of Atlantic Canada, as well as Quebec.[73] [74] [75] The storm caused major flooding in Quebec's Magdalen Islands, southeastern New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, northeastern Nova Scotia, and southern Newfoundland.[76] Thousands of trees were knocked down and uprooted in Nova Scotia from Halifax eastward, as well as most of southeastern New Brunswick, most of P.E.I., and some parts in Newfoundland. Wind gusts of 179km/h were reported in Arisaig, Nova Scotia with a record high water height (before waves) of 2.73m (08.96feet) in Channel-Port aux Basques, Newfoundland.[77] At least 100 homes were damaged or destroyed in Newfoundland, primarily in Channel-Port aux Basques, with more than 200 people displaced.[78] Fiona left more than 500,000 customers without power, including 80% of all Nova Scotia customers and 95% of Prince Edward Island customers.[79] [80] A Port aux Basques woman was killed when her home was destroyed and she was swept into the ocean; another person died of carbon monoxide poisoning while operating an electrical generator in Prince Edward Island.[81] [82] [83] Another man in Lower Prospect, Nova Scotia was swept out to sea and presumed dead. Teacup Rock, a rock formation and local tourist attraction on the coast near Thunder Cove, Prince Edward Island, was destroyed after Hurricane Fiona struck.[84] Fiona also caused severe erosion to the province's dune system, particularly within Prince Edward Island National Park.[85] On September 25, Deputy Premier of Quebec Geneviève Guilbault flew to the Magdalen Islands to view the storm damage.[86]

Insured losses from Fiona in Canada are estimated to be at least CA$800 million (US$590 million), with the total damage expected to be significantly higher.[87] This became the costliest weather event in Atlantic Canada history,[88] and the seventh-costliest nationwide (adjusted for inflation).[89]

Aftermath

Puerto Rico

At least 670 people were rescued from impacted sites following Fiona's deluge.[90] U.S. President Joe Biden approved a disaster declaration for the island, allowing funding for search and rescue, debris removal, and shelter and food among other accommodations for a month.[91] Damage and debris left from Fiona disallowed rescuers and officials from entering affected areas. By September 22, 470 people and 48 pets remained in shelters. Biden's disaster declaration also allowed FEMA to assist survivors in 55 municipalities and for public assistance in all 78 of them. 7 million liters of water, 4 million ready-to-eat meals, more than 215 generators, 100,000 tarps, and more were provided in four warehouses around Puerto Rico.[92] A few days after the hurricane struck, a delegation from United Hatzalah of Israel[93] arrived to provide psychological and emotional stabilization to those affected by the storm in various sections of the island.[94] Working together with local community leaders and organizations including PR4PR, Chabad, and FREMS, the team assisted hundreds of people in the municipalities of Anasco and Loiza providing them with basic medical check ups, and psychological first aid tools to help them cope with the aftermath of the storm. El Yunque National Forest partially re-opened from the storm on October 12.[95]

Dominican Republic

A few days after the hurricane, New York City mayor Eric Adams visited the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. After the visit, he requested a $3.7 billion supplemental bill for emergency and nutritional aid.[96]

Retirement

See also: List of retired Atlantic hurricane names. Due to the severe damage and number of deaths the hurricane caused across the Caribbean and in eastern Canada, the World Meteorological Organization retired the name Fiona from its rotating name lists in March 2023, and it will never be used again for another Atlantic tropical cyclone. It was replaced with Farrah, which will first appear on the 2028 season list.[97] [98]

See also

Historic comparisons to Fiona

External links

Notes and References

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  2. Web site: Fiona sets Atlantic Canada reeling; Ian forms in Caribbean. Bob Henson. Jeff Masters. Yale Climate Connections. September 24, 2022. September 25, 2022. September 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220924235945/https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/09/fiona-sets-atlantic-canada-reeling-ian-forms-in-caribbean/. live.
  3. Tropical Weather Outlook. Papin. Philippe . National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. September 12, 2022. September 14, 2022. September 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220914172322/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202209120537&basin=atl&fdays=2. live.
  4. Roberts. Dave. Tropical Weather Outlook. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. September 12, 2022. September 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220914230931/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202209122333&basin=atl&fdays=2. September 14, 2022. live.
  5. Roberts . Dave. September 13, 2022. Tropical Weather Outlook . National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. September 14, 2022. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220914230930/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202209131124&basin=atl&fdays=2. September 14, 2022.
  6. Brown. Daniel. Tropical Depression Seven Discussion Number 1 . September 14, 2022. National Hurricane Center . Miami, Florida. en-US. September 14, 2022. September 15, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220915000043/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.discus.001.shtml. live.
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  15. Web site: Hurricane FIONA Advisory 27A . www.nhc.noaa.gov . 21 September 2022 . September 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220921121141/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.public_a.027.shtml . live .
  16. Berg. Ronnie. Hurricane Fiona Intermediate Advisory Number 34A. National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center. National Hurricane Center. September 22, 2022. 23 September 2022. September 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220923072732/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.public_a.034.shtml. live.
  17. philklotzbach. Philip. Klotzbach. Fiona's central pressure is down to 932 hPa – the lowest pressure for a hurricane this far north (30.8°N) in the open Atlantic (e.g., excluding the Gulf of Mexico) in the satellite era (since 1979).. Twitter. 23 September 2022. 23 September 2022. 1573097895406227457.
  18. Web site: Beven . Hurricane FIONA Advisory 36 . www.nhc.noaa.gov . 23 September 2022 . September 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220923124818/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.public.036.shtml . live .
  19. Web site: Cangialosi . Snell . Hurricane FIONA Advisory 37 . www.nhc.noaa.gov . 23 September 2022 . September 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220924231002/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.public.037.shtml . live .
  20. burgwx. Tomer. Burg. Hurricane Fiona is now one of the northernmost Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes on record (1851–2022), as well as the northernmost on record with such low minimum pressure. Troubling signs for Southeast Canada as Fiona begins its transition to a powerful post-tropical cyclone.. Twitter. 23 September 2022. 23 September 2022. 1573331319534546946.
  21. Web site: Pasch . Hurricane FIONA Advisory 38 . www.nhc.noaa.gov . 23 September 2022 . September 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220924230952/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.public.038.shtml . live .
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  24. ECCC_CHC. ECCC Canadian Hurricane Center. While we wait for the NHC's official call, it looks like Fiona has recently made landfall between Canso and Guysborough. With an unofficial recorded pressure at Hart Island of 931.6 mb, this makes Fiona the lowest pressured land falling storm on record in Canada.. Twitter. 24 September 2022. 24 September 2022. 1573579299638153216.
  25. News: 'It is surreal': Canada's Atlantic coast residents describe devastation as Fiona wipes away homes and knocks out power for thousands. Hanna. Jason. Cullinane. Susannah. Burnside. Tina. September 24, 2022. CNN. September 24, 2022. September 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220924091854/https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/24/weather/hurricane-fiona-canada-saturday/index.html. live.
  26. Post-Tropical Cyclone Fiona Discussion 42. Cangialosi. John. September 24, 2022. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. September 26, 2022. September 25, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220925005536/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.public.042.shtml. live.
  27. Web site: Tropical Storm FIONA . 2022-09-16 . www.nhc.noaa.gov . 2022-09-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220915111347/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.fstadv.003.shtml . live .
  28. Web site: Tropical Storm FIONA . 2022-09-16 . www.nhc.noaa.gov . 2022-09-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919131227/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.fstadv.005.shtml . live .
  29. Web site: Tropical Storm FIONA . 2022-09-16 . www.nhc.noaa.gov . 2022-09-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919131227/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.fstadv.006.shtml . live .
  30. Web site: Tropical Storm FIONA . 2022-09-16 . www.nhc.noaa.gov . 2022-09-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919131227/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.fstadv.009.shtml . live .
  31. Web site: Tropical Storm FIONA . 2022-09-16 . www.nhc.noaa.gov.
  32. Web site: Tropical Storm FIONA . 2022-09-17 . www.nhc.noaa.gov . 2022-09-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919131228/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.fstadv.012.shtml . live .
  33. Web site: Tropical Storm FIONA . 2022-09-17 . www.nhc.noaa.gov . 2022-09-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919131228/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2022/al07/al072022.fstadv.013.shtml . live .
  34. https://stjohnsource.com/2022/09/17/virgin-islands-national-park-closes-due-to-ts-fiona/ Virgin Islands National Park Closes Due to TS Fiona
  35. Web site: In rare weather event, Hurricane Fiona barrels toward Canada . 2022-09-23 . NBC News . en . September 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220923170724/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/hurricane-fiona-targets-canada-hitting-bermuda-heavy-rains-rcna49104 . live .
  36. News: Dance . Scott . September 23, 2022 . Eastern Canada braces for Fiona to be 'a storm everybody remembers' . .
  37. https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/communities/kejimkujik-national-park-temporarily-closing-due-to-hurricane-fiona-100775765/ Kejimkujik National Park temporarily closing due to hurricane Fiona
  38. News: Florido . Adrian . 2022-11-26 . A small town ballfield took years to repair after Hurricane Maria. Then Fiona came. . en . NPR . 2022-12-03 . December 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221203224224/https://www.npr.org/2022/11/26/1137223435/a-small-town-ballfield-took-years-to-repair-after-hurricane-maria-then-fiona-cam . live .
  39. News: Spanish. Gerardo E.. Alvarado Leon. El Nuevo Dia. September 28, 2022. October 4, 2022. LUMA Energy eleva a $2,000 millones la cifra preliminar de daños en la red de transmisión y distribución por Fiona. October 4, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221004212155/https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/notas/luma-energy-eleva-a-2000-millones-la-cifra-preliminar-de-danos-en-la-red-de-transmision-y-distribucion-por-fiona/. live.
  40. Web site: Helsel . Phil . 470,000 without power after Fiona causes 'shocking' damage in Canada . NBC News . 24 September 2022 . September 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220924234951/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/fiona-causes-shocking-damage-canada-rcna49299 . live .
  41. Web site: 6 January 2023 . Insured damages from Fiona hit over $800 million – IBC . 19 January 2023 . Pangilinan . Mika . Insurance Business Magazine . en . January 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230119035733/https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/ca/news/catastrophe/insured-damages-from-fiona-hit-over-800-million--ibc-431995.aspx . live .
  42. Web site: Frisk . Adam . Missing 81-year-old N.S. man believed swept out to sea during Fiona . September 26, 2022 . CTV News . 27 September 2022 . September 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220927043349/https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/missing-81-year-old-n-s-man-believed-swept-out-to-sea-during-fiona-1.6084831 . live .
  43. News: fr . Tempête tropicale Fiona : Un mort et de nombreuses inondations en Guadeloupe . Tropical storm Fiona : One death and many floods in Guadeloupe. Guadeloupe La 1ère . 17 September 2022 . 17 September 2022 . 19 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919131229/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guadeloupe/tempete-tropicale-fiona-que-d-eau-que-d-eau-1322380.html . live.
  44. News: Yacou . Yasmina . Tempête Fiona : l'état de catastrophe naturelle reconnu pour 22 communes de Guadeloupe . Storm Fiona: the state of natural disaster recognized for 22 municipalities in Guadeloupe . 29 September 2022 . Guadeloupe la 1ère . September 24, 2022 . fr-FR . September 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220929222028/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guadeloupe/tempete-fiona-l-etat-de-catastrophe-naturelle-reconnu-pour-22-communes-de-guadeloupe-1324712.html . live .
  45. Web site: Ravipati . Sri . 2022-09-18 . Puerto Rico loses power across entire island as Hurricane Fiona nears . 2022-09-18 . Axios . en . 2022-09-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220918195505/https://www.axios.com/2022/09/18/puerto-rico-loses-power-hurricane-fiona . live .
  46. News: 2022-09-18 . Biden declares emergency for Puerto Rico due to Tropical Storm Fiona . en . Reuters . 2022-09-18 . 2022-09-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919131229/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/biden-declares-emergency-puerto-rico-due-tropical-storm-fiona-2022-09-18/ . live .
  47. News: Meyer . Matt . 2022-09-19 . Live: Hurricane Fiona brings power outages and flooding rain to Puerto Rico . 2022-09-19 . CNN . en . 2022-09-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919131229/https://www.cnn.com/weather/live-news/hurricane-fiona-news-09-19-22/index.html . live .
  48. Web site: Flinch . Allison . September 20, 2022 . 80% of Puerto Rico still without power as island reels in aftermath of Fiona . September 20, 2022 . September 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920181432/https://www.accuweather.com/en/hurricane/80-of-puerto-rico-without-power-as-island-reels-in-aftermath-of-fiona/1250040 . live .
  49. Web site: Masters . Jeff . 2022-09-19 . Puerto Rico crippled by flash flooding and power failures as Fiona heads toward Bermuda » Yale Climate Connections . 2022-09-20 . Yale Climate Connections . en-US . September 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220921115521/https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/09/puerto-rico-crippled-by-flash-flooding-and-power-failures-as-fiona-heads-toward-bermuda/ . live .
  50. News: Associated Press . 2022-09-22 . In Puerto Rico, rescuers struggle to reach areas cut off by Hurricane Fiona . en . NPR . 2022-09-23 . September 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220923005422/https://www.npr.org/2022/09/22/1124523267/puerto-rico-hurricane-fiona-people-stranded . live .
  51. Web site: No habrá plátanos locales para Navidad tras paso de Fiona . 2022-09-25 . Metro Puerto Rico . es . September 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220925040332/https://www.metro.pr/noticias/2022/09/23/no-habra-platanos-locales-para-navidad-tras-paso-de-fiona/ . live .
  52. News: Kim . Juliana . 2022-09-24 . Fiona destroyed most of Puerto Rico's plantain crops — a staple for people's diet . en . NPR . 2022-09-25 . September 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220925040332/https://www.npr.org/2022/09/24/1124950315/puerto-rico-plantain-crops-destroyed-hurricane-fiona . live .
  53. Web site: Schonfeld . Zach . 2022-09-18 . Biden issues emergency declaration as Hurricane Fiona barrels toward Puerto Rico . 2022-09-18 . The Hill . live . 2022-09-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919131226/https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/3648577-biden-issues-emergency-declaration-as-hurricane-fiona-barrels-toward-puerto-rico/.
  54. Web site: Fiona reaches hurricane strength, leaving all of Puerto Rico without power . Orlando Sentinel . 2022-09-18 . 2022-09-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220918182131/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/weather/hurricane/os-ne-tropical-storm-fiona-sunday-20220918-pq4b257gbbhnnoywcdnxnal67m-story.html . live.
  55. Web site: Hurricane Fiona Update Statement . www.nhc.noaa.gov . 2022-09-19 . September 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919131225/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/refresh/MIATCUAT2+shtml/181935.shtml . live .
  56. Web site: Jeanne, el último huracán que entró a RD hace 18 años . September 19, 2022 . September 20, 2022 . September 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220919210609/https://eldia.com.do/jeanne-el-ultimo-huracan-que-entro-a-rd-hace-18-anos/ . live .
  57. Web site: Fiona en Dominicana: 8 provincias en emergencias y daños cuantiosos en zona turísticas . September 19, 2022 . September 20, 2022 . September 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920174049/https://www.bloomberglinea.com/2022/09/19/fiona-en-dominicana-8-provincias-en-emergencias-y-danos-cuantiosos-en-zona-turisticas/ . live .
  58. Web site: Alonso . Elizabeth Wolfe,Jason Hanna,Melissa . 2022-09-20 . Hurricane Fiona left much of Puerto Rico without power and more than 1 million without running water in Dominican Republic. Now it's slamming the Turks and Caicos . 2022-09-20 . CNN . en . September 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172931/https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/20/weather/hurricane-fiona-puerto-rico-dominican-republic-tuesday/index.html . live .
  59. Web site: Elamroussi . Aya . 2022-09-22 . Cientos de miles en Puerto Rico y República Dominicana siguen sin electricidad ni agua mientras el huracán Fiona avanza hacia las Bermudas . 2022-09-25 . CNN en Español . es . September 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220925030548/https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2022/09/22/puerto-rico-republica-dominicana-afectaciones-huracan-fiona-trax/ . live .
  60. Web site: Abinader: Más de 8 mil viviendas serán reconstruidas este fin de semana Acento. es. Acento. September 26, 2022. September 26, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220926001417/https://acento.com.do/actualidad/abinader-mas-de-8-mil-viviendas-seran-reconstruidas-este-fin-de-semana-9109611.html. live.
  61. News: Spanish. Pedro Martin. Sanchez. Diario Libre. September 26, 2022. October 4, 2022. Huracán Fiona golpeó al país con daños estimados en 20 mil millones de pesos. September 27, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220927080218/https://www.diariolibre.com/actualidad/nacional/2022/09/26/fiona-golpeo-rd-con-danos-estimados-en-20-mil-millones/2089391. live.
  62. Web site: 2022-09-20 . Update: 40 per cent of TCI without electricity due to Hurricane Fiona . 2022-09-24 . Caribbean Loop News . en . March 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230331120908/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/update-40-cent-tci-without-electricity-due-hurricane-fiona . live .
  63. Web site: 2022-09-20 . Fiona swipes Turks and Caicos, Puerto Rico faces big cleanup . 2022-09-21 . AP NEWS . en . September 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220921115229/https://apnews.com/article/storms-entertainment-hurricanes-royalty-dominican-republic-73e1cfe498d50a4e85fb8de51723ee46 . live .
  64. Web site: Storm Fiona impact: West Indies vs New Zealand ODI series to now start on September 19 . 2024-06-14 . ESPNcricinfo . en.
  65. Web site: Masters. Jeff. Henson. Bob. TD 9 forecast calls for major hurricane for Florida; Fiona aims colossal blow at Canada. September 23, 2022. Yale Climate Connections. New Haven, Connecticut. September 25, 2022. September 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220924221953/https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/09/td-9-forecast-calls-for-major-hurricane-for-florida-fiona-aims-colossal-blow-at-canada/. live.
  66. News: Hurricane Fiona pounds Bermuda as Canada braces for major jolt . Reuters . September 23, 2022 . en . 2022-09-25 . Burgess . Don . Martyn . Eric . September 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220924122632/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/hurricane-fiona-threatens-bermuda-while-course-batter-canada-2022-09-23/ . live .
  67. News: Mitchell . Kalin . Kalin's Call: Storm summary for record-setting Fiona . October 1, 2022 . CTV News . September 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220929190302/https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/kalin-s-call-storm-summary-for-record-setting-fiona-1.6084984 . live .
  68. News: Oladipo . Gloria . Post-tropical cyclone Fiona hits eastern Canada with hurricane-force winds . October 10, 2022 . The Guardian . September 24, 2022 . October 9, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221009181928/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/23/hurricane-fiona-canada-post-tropical-storm . live .
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  70. Web site: Fogarty . Chris . Mercer . Rick . Courtier . Philippe . Tropical Cyclone Information Statement For Eastern Canada Updated By Environment Canada At 6:43 P.M. ADT Sunday 25 September 2022 . Tropical Cyclone Information Statement . Environment Canada . October 10, 2022 . October 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221010225646/https://dd.weather.gc.ca/bulletins/alphanumeric/20220925/WO/CWHX/21/WOCN31_CWHX_252143___57038 . live .
  71. Web site: Fiona sets Atlantic Canada reeling; Ian forms in Caribbean . Yale Climate Connections . Yale Center for Environmental Communication . October 1, 2022 . September 24, 2022 . October 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221001144116/https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/09/fiona-sets-atlantic-canada-reeling-ian-forms-in-caribbean/ . live .
  72. News: Lopez-Martinez . Melissa . Data shows Fiona's impact across Atlantic Canada as all-time records broken . October 10, 2022 . CTV News . BellMedia . September 26, 2022 . October 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221010225641/https://www.ctvnews.ca/climate-and-environment/data-shows-fiona-s-impact-across-atlantic-canada-as-all-time-records-broken-1.6084819 . live .
  73. News: 2022-09-25 . Storm Fiona: Houses washed into sea as storm batters Canada . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-09-25 . September 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220925230503/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63025036 . live .
  74. Web site: Ex ouragan Fiona : l'Est du Canada et Miquelon frappés de plein fouet – Actualités la Chaîne Météo . September 27, 2022 . September 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220927055210/https://amp.lachainemeteo.com/actualite-meteo/2022-09-25/ex-ouragan-fiona-l-est-du-canada-et-miquelon-frappes-de-plein-fouet-64561 . live .
  75. Web site: Outremers360° – Toute l'actualité des Outre-mer à 360° . September 27, 2022 . September 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220927055210/http://mobile.outremers360.com/page/article/undefined/ouragan-fiona-le-prefet-de-saint-pierre-et-miquelon-ferme-les-zones-les-plus-exposees.html . live .
  76. News: Major flooding, debris in Que.'s Magdalen Islands as Fiona slams Maritimes . 2022-09-24 . CTV News . en-CA . September 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220924193246/https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/major-flooding-debris-in-que-s-magdalen-islands-as-fiona-slams-maritimes-1.6082722 . live .
  77. Web site: Body of missing woman found as southwestern Nfld. grapples with Fiona aftermath . Sep 25, 2022 . CBC News . September 26, 2022 . September 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220926143957/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/hurricane-fiona-damage-sunday-1.6595070 . live .
  78. News: Ward . Nick . Roberts . Darrell . 'Total devastation' as Port aux Basques declares state of emergency due to post-tropical storm Fiona . 29 September 2022 . CBC News . 24 September 2022 . September 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220929180541/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/hurricane-fiona-nl-saturday-1.6594422 . live .
  79. News: Post-tropical storm Fiona updates: Here's what happened Sept. 25 . The Globe and Mail . September 25, 2022 . September 26, 2022 . September 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220926012059/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-fiona-storm-updates-damage-atlantic-canada-post-tropical/ . live .
  80. News: Mercer . Greg . Farooqui . Salmaan . 2022-09-24 . Post-tropical storm Fiona pummels East Coast, washing away houses and leaving hundreds of thousands without power . en-CA . The Globe and Mail . 2022-09-24 . September 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220924173628/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-post-tropical-storm-fiona-east-coast-canada/ . live .
  81. Web site: Update: Body of missing Port aux Basques woman displaced during Hurricane Fiona is recovered . September 25, 2022 . Royal Canadian Mounted Police . 25 September 2022 . September 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220925215511/https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/news/2022/update-body-missing-port-aux-basques-woman-displaced-hurricane-fiona-is-recovered . live .
  82. News: fr . Tempête Fiona dans l'est du pays : notre couverture en direct . ICI Radio-Canada . 2022-09-24 . 24 September 2022 . September 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220926145904/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/info/en-direct/1008905/direct-tempete-fiona-ouragan-maritimes-iles-madeleine-degats . live .
  83. Web site: 2022-09-25 . One person dead after historic Fiona sweeps Prince Edward Island . 2022-09-25 . Atlantic . en . September 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220925200448/https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/one-person-dead-after-historic-fiona-sweeps-prince-edward-island-1.6083622 . live .
  84. News: Goodsell . Devon . P.E.I.'s iconic Teacup Rock is gone after post-tropical storm Fiona . 26 September 2022 . 26 September 2022 . September 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220926183841/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/pei-teacup-rock-gone-1.6595695 . live .
  85. News: Armstrong . Lyndsay . 'Shocking' erosion of sand dunes in Prince Edward Island National Park due to Fiona . 27 September 2022 . 27 September 2022 . September 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220927233037/https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/shocking-erosion-of-sand-dunes-in-prince-edward-island-national-park-due-to-fiona-1.6086429 . live .
  86. Web site: 2022-09-25 . Quebec public safety minister visits storm-beaten Magdalen Islands . 2022-09-26 . Montreal . en . September 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220926180358/https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/quebec-public-safety-minister-visits-storm-beaten-magdalen-islands-1.6083513 . live .
  87. Web site: Evans . Steve . 9 January 2023 . Hurricane Fiona industry loss estimate raised 21% to C$800m+ in Canada . 10 January 2023 . Artemis . Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Inc. (CatIQ) . January 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230110111038/https://www.artemis.bm/news/hurricane-fiona-industry-loss-estimate-raised-21-to-c800m-in-canada/ . live .
  88. https://www.canadianunderwriter.ca/catastrophes/fiona-officially-the-costliest-extreme-weather-event-in-atlantic-canada-1004227058/ Fiona officially the costliest extreme weather event in Atlantic Canada
  89. News: The Canadian Press. CTV. January 19, 2023. February 7, 2023. Severe weather in Canada caused $3.1 billion in insured damages in 2022. February 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207211828/https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/severe-weather-in-canada-caused-3-1-billion-in-insured-damages-in-2022-1.6237455. live.
  90. Web site: Hurricane Fiona blasts Turks and Caicos Islands as a "life-threatening" Category 3 storm . 2022-09-20 . www.cbsnews.com . en-US . September 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920181432/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hurricane-fiona-track-path-2022-09-20/ . live .
  91. Web site: Hurricane Fiona latest: Bermuda braces for impact, Biden 'surging federal resources' to Puerto Rico . 2022-09-23 . ABC News . en . September 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220923005422/https://abcnews.go.com/US/hurricane-fiona-latest-bermuda-braces-impact/story?id=90316368 . live .
  92. Web site: FEMA Continues Hurricane Fiona Response Efforts FEMA.gov . 2022-09-23 . www.fema.gov . en . September 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220923005432/https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20220922/fema-continues-hurricane-fiona-response-efforts . live .
  93. Web site: 2022-09-25 . Israelis offer psychological, medical aid in Puerto Rico . 2022-10-02 . ISRAEL21c . en-US . October 2, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221002143202/https://www.israel21c.org/israelis-offer-psychological-medical-aid-in-puerto-rico/ . live .
  94. Web site: Staff . JEMS . 2022-09-26 . Combined Israeli-U.S. Volunteer Aid Group Becomes A Force Multiplier of Human Intervention in Puerto Rico . 2022-10-02 . JEMS: EMS, Emergency Medical Services - Training, Paramedic, EMT News . en-US.
  95. News: Puerto Rico crippled with closures and outages post-Fiona. Here's what travelers can expect . December 3, 2023 . USA Today . October 12, 2022.
  96. Web site: Mayor Eric Adams reflects on trip to hurricane-ravaged Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic . 2022-09-27 . www.cbsnews.com . en-US . September 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220927185022/https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/mayor-eric-adams-calls-trip-to-hurricane-ravaged-puerto-rico-and-dominican-republic-profound/ . live .
  97. Web site: March 29, 2023 . WMO's hurricane committee retires Fiona and Ian from list of names . https://web.archive.org/web/20231218171444/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo%E2%80%99s-hurricane-committee-retires-fiona-and-ian-from-list-of-names . dead . December 18, 2023 . Geneva, Switzerland . World Meteorological Organization . March 29, 2023.
  98. News: March 29, 2023. World Meteorological Organization retiring Fiona and Ian as hurricane names after deadly storms. Freiman, Jordan. CBS News. April 14, 2024. August 30, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230830200557/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fiona-ian-retired-hurricane-names-world-meteorological-organization/. live.

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