| Trinity County, California | |
| Official Name: | County of Trinity |
| Image Map1: | Map of California highlighting Trinity County.svg |
| Mapsize1: | 200px |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Established Date: | February 18, 1850[1] |
| Seat1 Type: | Largest community |
| Seat1: | Weaverville |
| Leader Title: | Chair[2] |
| Leader Name: | Ric Leutwyler |
| Leader Title1: | Vice Chair |
| Leader Name1: | Liam Gogan |
| Leader Title2: | Board of Supervisors[3] |
| Leader Title4: | County Administrative Officer |
| Leader Name4: | Trent Tuthill |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 3208 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 3179 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 28 |
| Elevation Max Footnotes: | [4] |
| Elevation Max Ft: | 9037 |
| Population Total: | 16112 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | auto |
| Utc Offset: | -8 |
| Utc Offset Dst: | -7 |
| Blank Name Sec1: | FIPS code |
| Blank Info Sec1: | 06-105 |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | GNIS feature ID |
| Blank Name Sec2: | Congressional district |
| Blank Info Sec2: | 2nd |
Trinity County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of California. Trinity County is rugged, mountainous, heavily forested, and lies along the Trinity River (for which it is named) within the Salmon, Klamath Mountains, as well as a portion of the Scott, Trinity, and North Yolla Bolly Mountains. It is also one of three counties in California with no incorporated cities (the other two counties in California with that distinction are Alpine and Mariposa counties).[5]
As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,112,[6] making it the fifth least-populous county in California, and the least-populous of California's 27 original counties. The county seat and largest community is Weaverville.[7]
Trinity County has a rich history of Native Americans: Tsnungwe including the South Fork Hupa and tł'oh-mitah-xwe,[8] Chimariko, and Wintu.
The county takes its name from the Trinity River, which was in turn named in 1845 by Major Pierson B. Reading, who was under the mistaken impression that the river emptied into Trinidad Bay. Trinity is the English translation of Trinidad.
Trinity County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. Parts of the county were ceded to Klamath County in 1852 and to Humboldt County in 1853.
In the first half of the 1850's the California State Legislature established that the boundaries of Mendocino and Trinity Counties was the 40th parallel north. Both county board of supervisor's hired the surveyor W.H. Fauntleroy to survey the parallel, which he completed on October 30, 1872. The accuracy of the boundary was doubtful, and by 1891 the Mendocino County Board of Supervisors requested the California surveyor-general to survey the line and establish the boundaries between the two counties. The new line, as surveyed by Sam H. Rice and approved by the California Attorney General on December 18, 1891, was found to be 2 miles north of the common boundary surveyed by W.H. Fauntleroy, thereby resulting in Trinity County exercising jurisdiction two miles south of the 40th parallel north. Between 1891 and 1907, both counties claimed that the 2 mile wide strip of land belonged to themselves and not the other, with both counties attempting to levy and collect property tax land in said strip. In 1907, Trinity County sued Mendocino County in a Tehama County court to settle the dispute. The trial court in Tehama County ruled in favor of Trinity County, even though the land was situated south of the 40th parallel and state law stated that lands south of that parallel belonged to Mendocino County. The appellate court upheld the ruling of the trial court since Section 10 of the special act of March 30, 1872 (Stats. 1871-2, p. 766), which concerned this boundary and was the act under which Fauntleroy acted under, authorized the survey of the theretofore unknown location of the 40th parallel north, stated that "the lines run out, marked and defined as required by this act are hereby declared to be the true boundary lines of the counties named herein", thereby making the law in the political code which defined the boundary as the 40th parallel north only a suggestion and not a fact.[9] The legislature subsequently affirmed this decision, with the modern statute defining the borders of the two counties referencing the survey of Fauntleroy as being the boundary between the two counties instead of the 40th parallel north.[10]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and (0.9%) is water.[11] The county contains a significant portion of Shasta-Trinity National Forest and the Trinity Alps Wilderness—the second largest wilderness in California.
Trinity County is made up of five census tracts. Census Tract 1.01 includes the communities of Douglas City, Lewiston, Trinity Center, and part of Coffee Creek and Weaverville. Notable features are Trinity Dam and Lake, Lewiston Dam and Lake, the Trinity River, and the Lewiston Valley. It has a population of 2585 people in 550 square miles, leading to a population density of 4.7 people per square mile.[12] Census Tract 1.02 includes most of Weaverville and Coffee Creek. It is the most populous census tract in the county, with 4558 people. It has 449 square miles, leading to a population density of 10.2 people per square mile. Notable features are the Weaver Basin, the Trinity Alps, Scott Mountains, and the upper Trinity River.[13] Census Tract 2 includes the Downriver area of Trinity County. This means the communities of Junction City, Big Flat, Big Bar, Burnt Ranch, Hawkins Bar, and Salyer. It includes 2024 people, and notable features are the Trinity River, the Trinity Alps, and the New River.[14] Census Tract 3 includes the communities of Hayfork, Hyampom, and Wildwood. It has 3105 people in 600 square miles, leading to a population density of 5.2 people per square mile. Notable features are the South Fork of the Trinity River, South Fork Mountain, Hayfork Valley and Hayfork Creek, Hyampom Valley, Chanchellula Peak and Wilderness area, and Hayfork Bally. Census Tract 4 is the largest by area but the least populous census tract in the county with 975 people. It contains 833 square miles, leading to a population density of 1.2 people per square mile. The largest community by far is Mad River, with other smaller ones being Ruth, Kettenpom, and Zenia. Notable features include South Fork Mountain, the Mad River, the Van Duzen River, Ruth Lake, Ruth Valley, Kettenpom Valley, Hoaglin Valley, and Hettenshaw Valley
The county hosts many visitors, especially during summer months, for camping, backpacking, boating on the lakes, rafting/kayaking on the rivers, hunting, and fishing. The summers tend to be clear, sunny, warm, and very dry, with little rain from June to September except for some mountain thunderstorms in the highest elevations. Summer days in the populated areas of the county range from 85 to 100 degrees, and summer nights range from 45 to 62 Winter days range from 35 to 50, and nights range from 18 to 35. The winters tend to have copious precipitation, increasing with elevation and falling mostly as rain under 1000m (3,000feet) in the valley bottoms, and mostly as snow over 1000m (3,000feet) on the mountainsides. December, January, and February are the wettest. The precipitation ranges from 30 to 35 inches at low elevations isolated from coastal influence, such as Big Bar, Hayfork, and Weaverville, up to 55 or 60 inches at high elevations, on the coastal side of South Fork Mountain, or where gaps in the mountain allow for precipitation to get through. Examples of this last phenomenon include Salyer and Forest Glen. Kalmia Lake, at nearly 7500 feet in the Canyon Creek area of the Trinity Alps, is reputed to be the snowiest place in California, outpacing Lake Helen in Mount Lassen National Park, which receives 600-700 inches of snow each winter. Average snowfall in the populated parts of the county ranges from 0-5 inches in the lower Trinity Valley to at least 100 inches in places above 4000 feet, such as Indian Valley west of Hayfork.
There is an extensive wild river and stream system, and the terrain is quite rugged and forested, with the highest point at Mount Eddy, over 9000feet. The Klamath Mountains occupy the vast portion of the county.
Chancelulla Wilderness
Trinity County has a mediterranean climate with very warm, dry and sunny summer days and high diurnal temperature variation due to the cool nights. The hot afternoons form a stark contrast to the mild coastal climates of Humboldt County relatively nearby. Winters are chilly and wet. Below is climate normals from county seat Weaverville. There are different microclimates in the county as elevations vary.
Trinity was a Republican-leaning county in Presidential and congressional elections until recently; now it is a tossup. No Democrat had won the county since Jimmy Carter in 1976 until Barack Obama defeated John McCain by a 4% margin (50% to 46%) in 2008. In 2012, the county again voted Republican, but narrowly. Voter registration reflects this trend, with Democratic and Republican registration in a near dead heat (D: 2,710, R: 2,716). Third-party candidates tend to do rather well in Trinity County: George Wallace got over 13% of the county's vote in 1968, and it was the only California county carried by Ross Perot in 1992. It was also Perot's best performance in the state in 1996, although he didn't carry it again. John Anderson also did very well in 1980, as did third-party candidates in 2016.
Trinity County was the only California county where Obama won in 2008 and Joe Biden lost in 2020.
Trinity County is in .[21]
In the state legislature Trinity is in,[22] and .[23]
In 2010, Trinity County voted against Proposition 19, which would have taxed and regulated marijuana.
In 2016 Trinity County residents were asked again to vote on legalization of state-level recreational marijuana, facilitated by the Adult Use of Marijuana Act (AUMA), also known as California Proposition 64. The measure passed with 50.1% in favor of legalization.[24] Statewide, the measure passed with 57.1% of the vote.[25]
| Population and registered voters | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population[26] | 13,711 | ||
| Registered voters[27] [28] | 7,846 | 57.2% | |
| Democratic | 2,630 | 33.5% | |
| Republican | 2,695 | 34.3% | |
| Democratic - Republican spread | -65 | -0.8% | |
| Independent | 376 | 4.8% | |
| Green | 126 | 1.6% | |
| Libertarian | 93 | 1.2% | |
| Peace and Freedom | 33 | 0.4% | |
| Americans Elect | 0 | 0.0% | |
| Other | 100 | 1.3% | |
| No party preference | 1,793 | 22.9% | |
Trinity Transit provides weekday intercity bus service on State Routes 3 and 299, with connecting service in Willow Creek and the Redding Amtrak station. Service is also provided from Weaverville to Lewiston (MWF) and Hayfork (daily).
The county owns five general aviation airports: Trinity Center Airport, Weaverville Airport, Hayfork Airport, Hyampom Airport and Ruth Airport. The closest major airport is in Sacramento.
The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.
| Population and crime rates | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 13,711 | ||
| Violent crime[30] | 22 | 1.60 | |
| Homicide | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Forcible rape | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Robbery | 3 | 0.22 | |
| Aggravated assault | 19 | 1.39 | |
| Property crime | 123 | 8.97 | |
| Burglary | 60 | 4.38 | |
| Larceny-theft[31] | 66 | 4.81 | |
| Motor vehicle theft | 26 | 1.90 | |
| Arson | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Population, race, and income | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 13,711 | ||||
| White | 12,201 | 89.0% | |||
| Black or African American | 53 | 0.4% | |||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 237 | 1.7% | |||
| Asian | 158 | 1.2% | |||
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 40 | 0.3% | |||
| Some other race | 130 | 0.9% | |||
| Two or more races | 892 | 6.5% | |||
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[32] | 924 | 6.7% | |||
| Per capita income[33] | $22,551 | ||||
| Median household income[34] | $37,672 | ||||
| Median family income[35] | $46,980 | ||||
| Places by population and race | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Type[36] | data-sort-type="number" | Population | data-sort-type="number" | White | data-sort-type="number" | Other [37] | data-sort-type="number" | Asian | data-sort-type="number" | Black or African American | data-sort-type="number" | Native American [38] | data-sort-type="number" | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| 293 | 92.8% | 6.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.0% | 2.0% | |||||||||
| 219 | 96.3% | 3.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.7% | |||||||||
| 647 | 87.6% | 10.7% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 5.6% | |||||||||
| 2,300 | 83.9% | 10.9% | 3.6% | 0.0% | 1.6% | 7.7% | |||||||||
| 250 | 71.1% | 28.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||||||||
| 955 | 96.1% | 3.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 5.1% | |||||||||
| 1,391 | 89.1% | 6.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 4.1% | 5.6% | |||||||||
| 391 | 90.8% | 2.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 6.9% | 1.8% | |||||||||
| 144 | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||||||||
| 173 | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||||||||
| 163 | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||||||||
| 3,703 | 92.1% | 6.3% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 1.1% | 11.4% | |||||||||
| Places by population and income | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Type | Population[39] | data-sort-type="currency" | Per capita income | data-sort-type="currency" | Median household income | data-sort-type="currency" | Median family income |
| 293 | $35,310 | $28,929 | $52,188 | |||||
| 219 | $27,940 | $55,714 | $36,607 | |||||
| 647 | $32,114 | $41,042 | $51,667 | |||||
| 2,300 | $18,017 | $37,333 | $52,976 | |||||
| 250 | $13,598 | $25,729 | $27,000 | |||||
| 955 | $17,128 | $36,250 | $41,250 | |||||
| 1,391 | $23,990 | $44,375 | $50,250 | |||||
| 391 | $13,773 | $23,813 | $52,589 | |||||
| 144 | $24,099 | $51,250 | $73,000 | |||||
| 173 | $24,619 | $26,563 | $28,125 | |||||
| 163 | $15,528 | $23,315 | $23,438 | |||||
| 3,703 | $24,714 | $42,337 | $47,135 | |||||
The 2010 United States Census reported that Trinity County had a population of 13,786. The racial makeup of Trinity County was 12,033 (87.3%) White, 59 (0.4%) African American, 655 (4.8%) Native American, 94 (0.7%) Asian, 16 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 217 (1.6%) from other races, and 712 (5.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 959 persons (7.0%).
| Population reported at 2010 United States Census | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trinity County | 13,786 | 12,033 | 59 | 655 | 94 | 16 | 217 | 712 | 959 | |
| Burnt Ranch | 281 | 241 | 0 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 19 | |
| Coffee Creek | 217 | 198 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 16 | |
| Douglas City | 713 | 639 | 0 | 22 | 8 | 2 | 13 | 29 | 47 | |
| Hayfork | 2,368 | 1,999 | 4 | 162 | 8 | 2 | 38 | 155 | 189 | |
| Hyampom | 241 | 199 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 15 | 19 | |
| Junction City | 680 | 597 | 1 | 29 | 2 | 0 | 20 | 31 | 49 | |
| Lewiston | 1,193 | 1,074 | 8 | 37 | 6 | 5 | 21 | 42 | 78 | |
| Mad River | 420 | 383 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 17 | 21 | |
| Ruth | 195 | 170 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 2 | |
| Trinity Center | 267 | 249 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 11 | |
| Trinity Village | 297 | 269 | 1 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 4 | |
| Weaverville | 3,600 | 3,162 | 11 | 152 | 41 | 1 | 38 | 195 | 255 | |
| All others not CDPs (combined) | 3,314 | 2,853 | 33 | 168 | 17 | 3 | 66 | 174 | 249 | |
As of the census[40] of 2000, there were 13,022 people, 5,587 households, and 3,625 families residing in the county. The population density was 4/mi2. There were 7,980 housing units at an average density of 2/mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 88.9% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 4.9% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. 4.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.1% were of German, 13.4% English, 12.1% Irish and 9.5% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 97.3% spoke English and 1.8% Spanish as their first language.
There were 5,587 households, out of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.80.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 32.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $27,711, and the median income for a family was $34,343. Males had a median income of $31,131 versus $24,271 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,868. About 14.1% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.2% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.
| City | Year incorporated | Year dissolved | Fate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helena, California | 1851 | 1950s | Became private property | |
| Canon City, California | 1851 | 1891 | Nothing remains of the former town but a historical marker. | |
| Dedrick, California | 1890 | 1941 | Nothing remains of the former town but a historical marker. | |
| Deadwood, Trinity County, California | 1881 | 1915 | Nothing remains of the former town. |
K-12 school districts include:[41]
Unified:
Elementary:
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Trinity County.
† county seat
| Rank | City/Town/etc. | Municipal type | Population (2020 Census) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | † Weaverville | CDP | 3,667 | |
| 2 | Post Mountain | CDP | 3,032 | |
| 3 | Hayfork | CDP | 2,324 | |
| 4 | Lewiston | CDP | 1,222 | |
| 5 | Douglas City | CDP | 868 | |
| 6 | Junction City | CDP | 658 | |
| 7 | Round Valley Reservation[42] (partially in Mendocino County) | AIAN | 454 | |
| 8 | Salyer | CDP | 389 | |
| 9 | Mad River | CDP | 361 | |
| 10 | Trinity Village | CDP | 278 | |
| 11 | Ruth | CDP | 254 | |
| 12 | Burnt Ranch | CDP | 250 | |
| 13 | Hyampom | CDP | 241 | |
| 14 | Trinity Center | CDP | 198 | |
| 15 | Coffee Creek | CDP | 152 |