Trillium stamineum, the twisted trillium, also known as the Blue Ridge wakerobin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is native to the southeastern United States, in Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee. Its natural habitat is calcareous woodlands.[1]
In 1901, Harbison compared T. stamineum to T. sessile.[2] The former is distinguished by its pubescent stem, unusual petals, long erect stamens, and very short filaments.
Trillium stamineum is a perennial herbaceous plant that spreads by means of underground rhizomes. The plant has three sessile bracts (leaves) arranged in a whorl about a pubescent scape (stem) that rises directly from the rhizome 15to high. The ovate leaves, 6.3to long by 3.3to wide, are bluish-green with strong mottling that fades with age.
T. stamineum flowers between March and May,[3] depending on latitude. A solitary flower is carried directly on the leaves. Unlike other sessile-flowered trilliums, the petals spread horizontally (instead of vertically) exposing stiffly erect stamens 16to long. The dark maroon petals, 1.5to long by 0.3to wide, have a distinctive twist along their major axis. The carrion-scented flower of this species attracts scavenging flies and other insects for pollination.
All flower parts (stamens, filaments, anthers, ovary, stigmas) are purple or dark purple. Even the fruit is purple. In 1975, Freeman described a form that is devoid of purple pigment, which he called Trillium stamineum f. luteum. That name is now regarded as a synonym.
Trillium stamineum was described by American botanist Thomas Grant Harbison in 1901.