Trigeminal trophic syndrome explained
| Trigeminal trophic syndrome |
| Synonyms: | Trigeminal trophic lesion |
| Field: | Dermatology |
Trigeminal trophic syndrome is a rare disease caused by the interruption of peripheral or central sensory pathways of the trigeminal nerve. A slowly enlarging, uninflamed ulcer can occur in the area that has had trigeminal nerve damage; including but not limited to the cheek beside the ala nasi.[1]
Signs and symptoms
The most common complaints are feelings of picking, rubbing, or scratching in the afflicted areas. A nonhealing ulcer is present in most patients. The ala nasi is frequently affected by a recognizable, painless, sickle-shaped lesion with a well-defined margin. The ulcers are incredibly persistent once they start.[2]
Causes
Trigeminal trophic syndrome can present with the following conditions and diseases: syphilis, amyloid deposits in the CNS and trigeminal nerve, trauma, craniotomy, tumor, Wallenberg syndrome (stroke/vascular insufficiency), herpes zoster, herpes simplex, syphilis, and neurological complications from birth trauma or it can be idiopathic.[3]
Treatment
Treating trigeminal trophic syndrome is a difficult task. Among the options are transcutaneous nerve stimulation, protective dressings, behavioral modification, medication intervention, and surgical repair; however, none of these have been proven to be consistently effective.[3]
Epidemiology
Sixty cases were reported from 1982 to 2002.[4] Trigeminal trophic syndrome is more common in women as compared to men.[5]
See also
Further reading
- Gupta . LalitKumar . Srivastava . Ankita . Khare . AshokKumar . Mittal . Asit . Mehta . Sharad . Balai . Manisha . Trigeminal trophic syndrome . Indian Dermatology Online Journal . Medknow . 7 . 4 . 2016 . 346–347 . 2229-5178 . 10.4103/2229-5178.185485 . free . 27559529 . 4976434 . none.
- Yang . Christine C. . Tolpinrud . Whitney L. . Grossman . Marc E. . Trigeminal trophic syndrome secondary to recurrent meningioma . Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Elsevier BV . 70 . 5 . 2014 . 0190-9622 . 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.09.049 . e110–e111 . 24742854 . none. free .
External links
Notes and References
- Book: James, William D. . Berger, Timothy G. . Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology . Saunders Elsevier . 2006 . 978-0-7216-2921-6 . etal.
- Kumar . Parimalam . Thomas . Jayakar . Trigeminal trophic syndrome . Indian Journal of Dermatology . Medknow . 59 . 1 . 2014 . 75–76 . 0019-5154 . 10.4103/0019-5154.123506 . free . 24470665 . 3884933 .
- Nayak . ChitraS . Pereira . RicksonR . Mishra . SunilN . Deshpande . DeepalJ . Trigeminal trophic syndrome: A rare entity . Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology . Scientific Scholar . 77 . 6 . 2011 . 0378-6323 . 10.4103/0378-6323.86501 . free . 729. 22016290 .
- Sadeghi . P. . Papay . FA. . Vidimos . AT. . Trigeminal trophic syndrome--report of four cases and review of the literature. . Dermatol Surg . 30 . 5 . 807–12; discussion 812 . May 2004 . 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30220.x . 15099331 . 6573549 .
- Weintraub . Eileen . Soltani . Keyoumars . Hekmatpanah . Javad . Lorincz . Allan L. . Trigerninal trophic syndrome . Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Elsevier BV . 6 . 1 . 1982 . 0190-9622 . 10.1016/s0190-9622(82)80200-4 . 52–57. 7085956 .
