Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 explained

Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GART gene.^[1]

This protein is a trifunctional polypeptide. It has phosphoribosylamine—glycine ligase (EC 6.3.4.13), phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.2), AIR synthetase (FGAM cyclase) (EC 6.3.3.1) activity which is required for de novo purine biosynthesis.

Further reading

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• Brodsky G, Barnes T, Bleskan J, etal . The human GARS-AIRS-GART gene encodes two proteins which are differentially expressed during human brain development and temporally overexpressed in cerebellum of individuals with Down syndrome. . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 6 . 12 . 2043–50 . 1997 . 9328467 . 10.1093/hmg/6.12.2043. free .
• Kan JL, Moran RG . Intronic polyadenylation in the human glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase gene. . Nucleic Acids Res. . 25 . 15 . 3118–23 . 1997 . 9224613 . 10.1093/nar/25.15.3118 . 146841.
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• Zhang Y, Desharnais J, Greasley SE, etal . Crystal structures of human GAR Tfase at low and high pH and with substrate beta-GAR. . Biochemistry . 41 . 48 . 14206–15 . 2002 . 12450384 . 10.1021/bi020522m.
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• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2002 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241. 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
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• Zalkin H, Dixon JE . De novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis. . Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. . Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology . 42 . 259–87 . 1992 . 1574589 . 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60578-4. 9780125400428 .
• Vieira AR, McHenry TG, Daack-Hirsch S, etal . Candidate gene/loci studies in cleft lip/palate and dental anomalies finds novel susceptibility genes for clefts. . Genet. Med. . 10 . 9 . 668–74 . 2008 . 18978678 . 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181833793 . 2734954.
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• Banerjee D, Nandagopal K . Phylogenetic analysis and in silico characterization of the GARS-AIRS-GART gene which codes for a tri-functional enzyme protein involved in de novo purine biosynthesis. . Mol. Biotechnol. . 42 . 3 . 306–19 . 2009 . 19301155 . 10.1007/s12033-009-9160-1 . 34759623 .

Notes and References

1. Gnirke A, Barnes TS, Patterson D, Schild D, Featherstone T, Olson MV . Cloning and in vivo expression of the human GART gene using yeast artificial chromosomes . EMBO J. . 10 . 7 . 1629–34 . July 1991 . 2050105 . 452831 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07685.x.