Criniger Explained

Criniger is a genus of songbirds in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. The species of Criniger are found in western and central Africa.

Taxonomy

The genus Criniger was introduced in 1820 by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck,^[1] the name Criniger is Latin for "long-haired" (from crinis, meaning "hair" and gerere, meaning "to carry"). A year later Temminck designated the type species as the western bearded greenbul.^{[2] [3]}

Species

The genus contains five species:^[4]

• Western bearded greenbul (Criniger barbatus)
• Eastern bearded greenbul (Criniger chloronotus)
• Red-tailed greenbul (Criniger calurus)
• White-bearded greenbul (Criniger ndussumensis)
• Yellow-bearded greenbul (Criniger olivaceus)

Former species

Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Criniger:

• Striated bulbul (as Tricophorus striatus or Criniger striatus)^{[5] [6]}
• Streak-eared bulbul (as Criniger Conradi)^[7]
• Western greenbul (as Trichophorus tephrolaemus)^[8]
• Olive-headed greenbul (as Criniger olivaceiceps)^[9]
• Golden greenbul (as Criniger serinus)^[10]
• Honeyguide greenbul (as Criniger indicator)^[11]
• Upper Guinea honeyguide greenbul (as Trichophorus leucurus)^[12]
• Yellow-bellied greenbul (as Trichophorus flaviventris)^[13]
• Falkenstein's greenbul (as Criniger Falkensteini)^[14]
• Simple greenbul (as Trichophorus simplex)^[15]
• Yellow-throated leaflove (as Trichophorus flavicollis or Criniger flavicollis)^[16]
• Uganda yellow-throated greenbul (as Trichophorus flavigula)^[17]
• Northern brownbul (as Criniger strepitans)^[18]
• Fischer's greenbul (as Criniger Fischeri)^[19]
• Cabanis's greenbul (as Criniger cabanisi)^[20]
• Icterine greenbul (as Trichophorus icterinus)^[21]
• Red-tailed bristlebill (multicolor) (as Criniger multicolor)^[22]
• Green-tailed bristlebill (as Trichophorus eximius)^[23]
• Yellow-lored bristlebill (as Trichophorus notatus)^[24]
• Grey-headed bristlebill (as Trichophorus canicapillus)^[25]
• Finsch's bulbul (as Criniger finschi)^[26]
• White-throated bulbul (as Trichophorus flaveolus or Criniger flaveolus)^[27]
• White-throated bulbul (burmanicus) (as Criniger burmanicus)^[28]
• Puff-throated bulbul (as Criniger pallidus)^[29]
• Grey-crowned bulbul (as Criniger griseiceps)^[30]
• Puff-throated bulbul (henrici) (as Criniger Henrici)^[31]
• Ochraceous bulbul (as Criniger ochraceus)^[32]
• Ochraceous bulbul (sordidus) (as Criniger sordidus)^[33]
• Ochraceous bulbul (sumatranus) (as Criniger sumatranus)^[34]
• Ochraceous bulbul (ruficrissus) (as Criniger ruficrissus)^[35]
• Grey-cheeked bulbul (as Criniger bres)^[36]
• Grey-cheeked bulbul (tephrogenys) (as Trichophorus tephrogenys)^[37]
• Grey-cheeked bulbul (gutturalis) (as Trichophorus gutturalis or Criniger gutturalis)^[38]
• Palawan bulbul (as Criniger frater)^[39]
• Yellow-bellied bulbul (as Criniger phaeocephalus)^[40]
• Yellow-bellied bulbul (diardi) (as Criniger diardi)^[41]
• Yellow-bellied bulbul (sulphuratus) (as Trichophorus sulphuratus)^[42]
• Yellow-browed bulbul (as Trichophorus indicus)^[43]
• Yellow-browed bulbul (icterica) (as Criniger ictericus)^[44]
• Hairy-backed bulbul (as Trichophorus minutus)^[45]
• Hairy-backed bulbul (sericeus) (as Criniger sericea)^[46]
• Grey-eyed bulbul (as Criniger propinquus)^[47]
• Charlotte's bulbul (as Criniger charlottae)^[48]
• Sulphur-bellied bulbul (as Criniger palawanensis)^[49]
• Seram golden bulbul (as Criniger affinis)^[50]
• Ambon golden bulbul (as Trichophorus flavicaudus)^[51]
• Northern golden bulbul (as Criniger longirostris)^[52]
• Sangihe golden bulbul (as Criniger Platenae)^[53]
• Togian golden bulbul (as Criniger aureus)^[54]
• Halmahera golden bulbul (as Criniger Chloris)^[55]
• Buru golden bulbul (as Criniger mystacalis)^[56]
• Yellowish bulbul (as Criniger Everetti)^[57]
• Sulu bulbul (as Criniger Haynaldi)^[58]

Further reading

• Huntley . Jerry W. . Harvey . Johanna A. . Pavia . Marco . Boano . Giovanni . Voelker . Gary. 2017 . The systematics and biogeography of the Bearded Greenbuls (Aves: Criniger) reveals the impact of Plio-Pleistocene forest fragmentation on Afro-tropical avian diversity . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 183. 3. 672–686. 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx086 .

Notes and References

1. Book: Temminck, Coenraad Jacob . Coenraad Jacob Temminck . 1820 . Manuel d'ornithologie, ou, Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe . Part 1 . 2nd . French . Paris . H. Cousin . 60 (LX) .
2. Book: Mayr . Ernst . Ernst Mayr . Greenway . James C. Jr . 1960 . Check-List of Birds of the World . 9 . Museum of Comparative Zoology . Cambridge, Massachusetts . 273 .
3. Book: Temminck, Coenraad Jacob . Coenraad Jacob Temminck . 1838 . 1821 . Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon . 3 . Plate 88 . F.G. Levrault . Paris . French . The 5 volumes were originally issued in 102 livraison (parts), 1820-1839. For the dates see: Dickinson . E.C. . Edward C. Dickinson . 2001 . Systematic notes on Asian birds. 9. The Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées of Temminck & Laugier (1820–1839) . Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden . 335 . 7–53 .
4. Web site: Gill . Frank . Frank Gill (ornithologist) . Donsker . David . Rasmussen . Pamela . Pamela Rasmussen . January 2021 . Bulbuls . IOC World Bird List Version 11.1 . International Ornithologists' Union . 27 June 2021.
5. Web site: Pycnonotus striatus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-03-08.
6. Web site: 277. Alcurus striatus. Admin. Avis. 2014-09-10. AVIS-IBIS. en. 2017-03-08.
7. Web site: Pycnonotus conradi - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-03-31.
8. Web site: Arizelocichla tephrolaema - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-04-03.
9. Web site: Arizelocichla olivaceiceps - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-04-06.
10. Web site: Calyptocichla serinus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-04-11.
11. Web site: Baeopogon indicator - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-04-11.
12. Web site: Baeopogon indicator leucurus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-04-11.
13. Web site: Chlorocichla flaviventris - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-04-13.
14. Web site: Chlorocichla falkensteini - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-04-16.
15. Web site: Chlorocichla simplex - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-04-16.
16. Book: Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum: Passeriformes, or perching birds. Cichlomorphœ: pt. III-IV, containing the ... family Timeliidœ (babbling-thrushes) by R.B. Sharpe. 1881-01-01. order of the Trustees. en.
17. Web site: Atimastillas flavicollis flavigula - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-04-17.
18. Web site: Phyllastrephus strepitans - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-04-21.
19. Web site: Phyllastrephus fischeri - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-02.
20. Web site: Phyllastrephus cabanisi - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-02.
21. Web site: Phyllastrephus icterinus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-04.
22. Web site: Bleda syndactylus syndactylus (multicolor) - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-07.
23. Web site: Bleda eximius - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-07.
24. Web site: Bleda notatus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-07.
25. Web site: Bleda canicapillus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-07.
26. Web site: Alophoixus finschii - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-12.
27. Web site: Alophoixus flaveolus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-12.
28. Web site: Alophoixus flaveolus burmanicus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-13.
29. Web site: Alophoixus pallidus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-14.
30. Web site: Alophoixus pallidus griseiceps - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-14.
31. Web site: Alophoixus pallidus henrici - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-14.
32. Web site: Alophoixus ochraceus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-15.
33. Web site: Alophoixus ochraceus sordidus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-15.
34. Web site: Alophoixus ochraceus sumatranus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-15.
35. Web site: Alophoixus ochraceus ruficrissus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-15.
36. Web site: Alophoixus bres - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-15.
37. Web site: Alophoixus bres tephrogenys - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-15.
38. Web site: Alophoixus bres gutturalis - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-15.
39. Web site: Alophoixus frater - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-23.
40. Web site: Alophoixus phaeocephalus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-29.
41. Web site: Alophoixus phaeocephalus diardi - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-29.
42. Web site: Alophoixus phaeocephalus sulphuratus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-05-29.
43. Web site: Acritillas indica - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-06-01.
44. Web site: Acritillas indica icterica - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-06-01.
45. Book: The Ibis. 1872. British Ornithologists' Union. en.
46. Web site: Tricholestes criniger sericeus - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-06-03.
47. Web site: Iole propinqua - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-06-05.
48. Web site: Buff-vented Bulbul (Iole charlottae). www.hbw.com. en. 2017-06-05.
49. Web site: Iole palawanensis - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-06-05.
50. Web site: Thapsinillas affinis (Seram Golden Bulbul) - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-10-18.
51. Web site: Thapsinillas affinis flavicaudus (Ambon Golden Bulbul) - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-10-18.
52. Web site: Thapsinillas longirostris (Sula Golden-Bulbul) - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-10-21.
53. Web site: Thapsinillas platenae (Sangihe Golden-Bulbul) - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-10-21.
54. Web site: Thapsinillas aurea (Togian Golden-Bulbul) - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-10-21.
55. Web site: Thapsinillas chloris (Halmahera Golden-Bulbul) - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-10-21.
56. Web site: Thapsinillas mysticalis (Buru Golden Bulbul) - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-10-21.
57. Web site: Hypsipetes everetti (Yellowish Bulbul) - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-11-06.
58. Web site: Hypsipetes everetti haynaldi (Sulu Bulbul) - Avibase. avibase.bsc-eoc.org. 2017-11-06.