Tricholoma ustaloides explained

Tricholoma ustaloides is a species of mushroom in the large genus Tricholoma. It has a widespread distribution in Europe, where it is typically found in association with oak and beech trees. Although generally considered inedible, it is consumed by some in Mexico.

Description

The cap is red-brown or chestnut-brown with a paler margin, very sticky when moist, and has a diameter of 4to.[1] The overall shape of the cap is bell-like when young, later flattening to a more irregular convex shape in maturity, and often developing a lobed appearance. The margins of the caps are usually turned inwards. The gills are crowded together, adnate or emarginate in attachment to the stipe, and white or a light ochraceous yellow with dark brown stains when old or bruised. The stipe is 4to long by 1to thick, roughly spindle-shaped (fusiform), with red-brown fibrils and a sharply defined zone of white color at the stalk apex, especially in more mature specimens. The flesh is white or cream, smelling strongly of meal, with a bitter taste.[2]

Spores have a roughly spherical or ellipsoid shape, are hyaline, smooth, non-amyloid, and have dimensions of 5.5—7.0 x 4.5—5.5 μm.[1] Basidia are 4-spored and cystidia are absent.

Habitat and distribution

This mycorrhizal species typically grows in small groups, and is often found near trees in the genera Quercus and Fagus.[1]

Although relatively rare, it has a widespread distribution in Europe, limited by the presence of its preferred tree hosts. Its first recorded appearance in Mexico was 1984.[3]

Edibility

Despite its inedible status by some sources,[4] [5] Tricholoma ustaloides is consumed by the inhabitants of Ajusco and Topilejo, communities near Mexico City.[6]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Bas, Cornelis . Flora agaricina Neerlandica: critical monographs on families of agarics and boleti occurring in the Netherlands. A.A. Balkema . Rotterdam . 1988 . 127 . 90-5410-492-9.
  2. http://www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Tricholoma_ustale.htm Gryzyby―Fungi of Poland
  3. Aroche RM, Cifuentes J, Lorea F, Fuentes P, Bonavides J, Galicia H, Menendez E, Aguilar O, Valenzuela V. (1984). "Toxic and edible mushrooms in a community of the Valley of Mexico 1". Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Micologia 19: 291—318.
  4. Book: Arora, David . Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi . Ten Speed Press . Berkeley, Calif . 1986 . 185 . 0-89815-169-4 . registration . Internet Archive
  5. Book: Jordan, Michael . The encyclopedia of fungi of Britain and Europe . David & Charles . Newton Abbot . 1995 . 183 . 0-7153-0129-2 . Google Books
  6. Reygadas F, Zamora-Martinez M, Cifuentes J. (1995). "Knowledge on wild edible mushrooms in the Ajusco and Topilejo communities near Mexico City". Revista Mexicana de Micologia 11(0): 85—108.