Riamilovir Explained

Atc Prefix:None
Index2 Label:Sodium salt
Cas Number:123606-06-4
Cas Number2:928659-17-0
Pubchem:3113817
Drugbank:DB15622
Chemspiderid:2367718
Unii:F2HTG1MH2D
Unii2:G1JE34QF2S
Chembl:1618116
Synonyms:TZV, Triazavirin
Iupac Name:2-methylsulfanyl-6-nitro[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c] [1,2,4]triazin-7(4H)-one
C:5
H:4
N:6
O:3
S:1
Smiles:CSc1[nH]n2c(=O)c(nnc2n1)[N+](=O)[O-]
Stdinchi:1S/C5H4N6O3S/c1-15-5-6-4-8-7-2(11(13)14)3(12)10(4)9-5/h1H3,(H,6,8,9)
Stdinchikey:IDVQGNMSSHPZSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Riamilovir is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug developed in Russia through a joint effort of Ural Federal University, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Center for Biopharma Technologies and Medsintez Pharmaceutical.[1] It has a novel triazolotriazine core, which represents a new structural class of non-nucleoside antiviral drugs.[2]

The principal action of triazavirin is to inhibit the synthesis of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) and the replication of viral genomic fragments through its synthetic analogue to the bases of purine nucleosides.

Uses

It was originally developed as a potential treatment for pandemic influenza strains such as H5N1, and most of the testing that has been done has focused on its anti-influenza activity.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] However, triazavirin has also been found to have antiviral activity against a number of other viruses including tick-borne encephalitis virus,[8] [9] and is also being investigated for potential application against a lethal influenza infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza,[10] Lassa fever and Ebola virus disease.[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] Triazavirin has passed clinical trials and has shown antiviral activity against ARVI.[16] [17] [18] [19] In 2020, testing of triazavirin was started against SARS-CoV-2 in Russia, China, and South Africa. [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] The mechanism of action of Triazavirin is still controversial. No experimental biochemical studies on the activity of Triazavirin relating to SARS-CoV-2 or influenza target proteins have so far been published.[26]

In August 2014, the Ministry of Health of Russia issued a registration certificate for triazavirin.[27] The active substance of the drug triazavirin is a new active molecule, and can be dispensed by prescription. The production of triazavirin is carried out at a modern pharmaceutical enterprise LLC "Plant Medsintez". The registration procedure for triazavirin has begun in the Republic of South Africa.

Criticism

The studies of Triazavirin were non-blinded and non-randomized, and included 66 patients only with, with 44 in a control group.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Triazaverin Is Officially Recommended. 2021-02-25. www.medsintez.com.
  2. Rusinov VL, Sapozhnikova IM, Ulomskii EN, Medvedeva NR, Egorov VV, Kiselev OI, Deeva EG, Vasin AV, Chupakhin ON . Nucleophilic substitution of nitro group in nitrotriazolotriazines as a model of potential interaction with cysteine-containing proteins. . Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds . 2015 . 51 . 3 . 275–280 . 10.1007/s10593-015-1695-4 . 83702396 . free .
  3. Loginova SI, Borisevich SV, Maksimov VA, Bondarev VP, Kotovskaia SK, Rusinov VL, Charushin VN . [Investigation of triazavirin antiviral activity against influenza A virus (H5N1) in cell culture] . ru . Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiia . 52 . 11–12 . 18–20 . 2007 . 19275052 .
  4. Karpenko I, Deev S, Kiselev O, Charushin V, Rusinov V, Ulomsky E, Deeva E, Yanvarev D, Ivanov A, Smirnova O, Kochetkov S, Chupakhin O, Kukhanova M . Antiviral properties, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of a novel azolo-1,2,4-triazine-derived inhibitor of influenza A and B virus replication . Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy . 54 . 5 . 2017–2022 . May 2010 . 20194696 . 2863629 . 10.1128/AAC.01186-09 .
  5. Kiselev OI, Deeva EG, Mel'nikova TI, Kozeletskaia KN, Kiselev AS, Rusinov VL, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON . [A new antiviral drug Triazavirin: results of phase II clinical trial] . ru . Voprosy Virusologii . 57 . 6 . 9–12 . 2012 . 23477247 .
  6. Kasianenko KV, Lvov NI, Maltsev OV, Zhdanov KV . Nucleoside analogues for the treatment of influenza: History and experience . Ru. Journal of Infectology . 9 October 2019 . 11 . 3 . 20–26 . 10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-3-20-26. 241604614 . free .
  7. Sologub TV, Tokin II, Midikari AS, Tsvetkov VV . A comparative efficacy and safety of using antiviral drugs in therapy of patients with influenza . ru . Infekcionnye Bolezni . 2017 . 15 . 3 . 25–32 . 10.20953/1729-9225-2017-3-25-32.
  8. Loginova SI, Borisevich SV, Rusinov VL, Ulomskiĭ UN, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON . [Investigation of Triazavirin antiviral activity against tick-borne encephalitis pathogen in cell culture] . ru . Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiia . 59 . 1–2 . 3–5 . 2014 . 25051708 .
  9. Loginova SY, Borisevich SV, Rusinov VL, Ulomsky EN, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON, Sorokin PV . [Investigation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Triazavirin Against Experimental Forest-Spring Encephalitis on Albino Mice] . ru . Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiia . 60 . 7–8 . 11–13 . 2015 . 26863736 .
  10. Leneva IA, Falynskova IN, Makhmudova NR, Glubokova EA, Kartashova NP, Leonova EI, Mikhailova NA, Shestakova IV . 2018-02-22. Effect of triazavirine on the outcome of a lethal influenza infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza in mice. Microbiology Independent Research Journal. 4. 1. 10.18527/2500-2236-2017-4-1-52-57 . free.
  11. Web site: Target: Ebola. Pravda. 18 January 2015. 2014-12-22.
  12. Web site: Yekaterinburg pharmacies to sell domestic antiviral drug . Yekaterinburg News Reports . https://web.archive.org/web/20150118221327/http://yekaterinburgnews.com/daily-news/yekaterinburg-pharmacies-to-sell-domestic-antiviral-drug/11873/ . 18 January 2015 . 18 January 2015 . 6 January 2015 .
  13. News: Ebola crisis: Vaccine 'too late' for outbreak. BBC News, 17 October 2014. BBC News. 2014-10-17. Cox S .
  14. Web site: Russia Will Begin Testing Triazavirin, Used For Lassa Fever, And Other Drugs On Ebola: Health Ministry. . Bora K . International Business Times . 12 November 2014 .
  15. Web site: New antiviral drug from Urals will help fight Ebola and other viruses. . Kezina D . Russia Beyond the Headlines . 12 November 2014 .
  16. Tikhonova EP, Kuz'mina TY, Andronova NV, Tyushevskaya OA, Elistratova TA, Kuz'min AE . 2018-04-15. Study of effectiveness of antiviral drugs (umifenovir, triazavirin) against acute respiratory viral infections. Kazan Medical Journal. ru. 99. 2. 215–223. 10.17816/KMJ2018-215. 2587-9359. free.
  17. Web site: Verevshchikov VK, Shemyakina EK, Sabitov AU, Khamanova YB . 2019. The Possibilities of Etiotropic Therapy for Influenza and ARVI with Taking into Account the Period of Hospitalization and the Risk of Developing Secondary Complications. 2021-02-25. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy.
  18. Lioznov DA, Tokin II, Zubkova TG, Sorokin PV . [The practice of using a domestic antiviral drug in the etiotropic therapy of acute respiratory viral infection] . ru . Terapevticheskii Arkhiv . 92 . 12 . 160–164 . December 2020 . 33720589 . 10.26442/00403660.2020.12.200427 . free .
  19. Web site: Verevshchikov VK, Shemyakina EK, Sabitov AU, Batskalevich NA . 2018. Modern Etiotropic Therapy of Influenza and ARVI in Adult Patients with Premorbid Pathology. 2021-02-25. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy.
  20. Web site: China Testing Russia's Triazavirin As Coronavirus Treatment . Jamshaid U . Russian Health Ministry. Urdupoint . 4 February 2020 .
  21. Web site: Phiri C . 5 February 2020 . Zambia Reports . China Tests Russian Antiviral Drug Which Might Treat Coronavirus As Moscow Warns Of Possible 'Mass Outbreak' . https://web.archive.org/web/20200205150114/https://zambiareports.com/2020/02/05/china-tests-russian-antiviral-drug-might-treat-coronavirus-moscow-warns-possible-mass-outbreak/ . 5 February 2020 . 11 February 2020 .
  22. Wu X, Yu K, Wang Y, Xu W, Ma H, Hou Y, Li Y, Cai B, Zhu L, Zhang M, Hu X, Gao J, Wang Y, Qin H, Wang W, Zhao M, Wu X, Zhang Y, Li L, Li K, Du Z, Mol BW, Yang B . Efficacy and Safety of Triazavirin Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial . Engineering . 6 . 10 . 1185–1191 . October 2020 . 32923016 . 7476906 . 10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.011 . 221520816 . free .
  23. Web site: Brandt K . SA study to trial antiviral Triazavirin as COVID-19 treatment. 2021-02-25. ewn.co.za. en.
  24. Web site: Discussion on Russia's antiviral drug Triazavirin . SABC News . 21 January 2021 . YouTube .
  25. Sabitov AU, Belousov VV, Edin AS, Oleinichenko EV, Gladunova EP, Tikhonova EP, Kuzmina TY, Kalinina YS, Sorokin PV . Practical Experience of Using Riamilovir in Treatment of Patients with Moderate COVID-19 . Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya . 21 November 2020 . 65 . 7–8 . 27–30 . 10.37489/0235-2990-2020-65-7-8-27-30. 229508119 . free .
  26. Chupakhin ON, Rusinov VL, Varaksin MV, Ulomskiy EN, Savateev KV, Butorin II, Du W, Sun Z, Charushin VN . Triazavirin-A Novel Effective Antiviral Drug . International Journal of Molecular Sciences . 23 . 23 . 14537 . November 2022 . 36498864 . 9738222 . 10.3390/ijms232314537 . free .
  27. Web site: Triazavirin (Riamilovir) . State Register of Medicines of the Russian Federation . Ru .

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