Trebizond vilayet explained

Native Name:Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928);: ولايت طربزون
Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn
French: Vilayet de Trébizonde
Common Name:Trebizond Vilayet
Subdivision:Vilayet
Nation:the Ottoman Empire
Year Start:1867
Year End:1922
Event Start:Vilayet Law
P1:Trebizond Eyalet
S1:Giresun Province
Flag S1:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
S2:Gümüşhane Province
Flag S2:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
S3:Ordu Province
Flag S3:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
S4:Rize Province
Flag S4:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
S5:Samsun Province
Flag S5:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
S6:Trabzon Province
Flag S6:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
S7:Kutais Governorate
Flag S7:Flag of Russia.svg
Image Map Caption:The Trebizond Vilayet in 1890
Capital:Trabizond
Today:Turkey
Georgia
Stat Year1:Muslim, 1914[1]

The Vilayet of Trebizond (Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928);: ولايت طربزون|Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn; French: Vilayet de Trébizonde) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) in the north-eastern part of the Ottoman Empire, corresponding to the area along the eastern Black Sea coastline and the interior highland region of the Pontic Alps.

At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of 12082sqmi, while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,047,700.[2] The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.[2]

After the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878, the sanjak of Lazistan was established.[3] Rize became the center of the district due to the cession of Batumi, the former centre of the sanjak, to Russia with kaza of Artvin. The salname of the year 1344h/1904-1905 mentioned several Armenian pharmacists.[4] The Vilayet also counted with a considerable Greek population.[5]

During World War I eastern half of vilayet (Kazas of Görele, Vakfıkebir, Akçaabat, Trabzon, Of and Maçka with sanjaks of Lazistan and Gümüşhane) was occupied by Russian troops by summer 1916. It was retaken by Ottomans in 1918.

Demographics

thumb|right|x150px|Map of subdivisions of Trebizond Vilayet in 1907

The Sanjak of Trabzon had a Muslim majority since the 16th century. Western estimates given in the 19th century about the City of Trabzon estimate a Turkish majority.[6]

Census of 1914

Ethno-religious composition of the districts of the Trabzon vilayet 1914[7]
Sanjak/Kaza Muslims Greek Orthodox Armenian JewishOthersTotal
64,726 23,806 14,846 8 127 104,858
111,421 18,505 12,349 - 1,211 143,491
75,050 1,819 - - - 76,869
56,401 6,561 3,517 - - 66,479
48,999 10,530 868 - -60,397
57,698 9,762 323 -- 67,783
92,301 24,138 2,275 - - 118,714
42,823 1,648 312- - 44,783
Vakfıkebir28.484 1351 - - 28,548
Maçka17,950 19,575 258 - - 37,783
Trabzon Sanjak595,853 116,35736,149 81,338749,705
Lazistan (Rize) 122,055 1,507 5 - - 123,567
50,297 171 28- - 50,496
38,156 44 2 - - 38,202
Lazistan sanjak210,508 1,722 35 -- 212,265
29,639 9,179 1,817 - - 40,635
29,686 30,547 24 -- 60,257
22,312 3,155 392 - - 25,859
33,130 614 482 - - 34,226
Gümüşhane sanjak 114,76743,4952,715--160,977
Canik (Samsun) 44,992 54,709 4,791 18 533 105,044
58,351 5,251 5,861 9- 69,472
48,944 30.838 1,735- 81,517
35,678 3,026 1,250 - 385 40,339
54,353 3,948 10,820 - 609 69,730
23,632967 2,601 - - 27,200
Canik sanjak 265,950 98,73927,31927 1,267 393,302
Total 1,187,078260,31366,218352,6051,516,249
Note: Included in the 66,218 Armenians are 64,607 Apostolics and 1,611 Catholics.

Administrative divisions

The vilayet included three sanjaks (four after 1889)[8] and 22 kazas.[9] Sanjaks of the Vilayet:

  1. Trabzon Sanjak (Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Tirebolu, Görele, Vakfıkebir, Sürmene, Of, Akçaabat, Maçka)
  2. Gümüşhane Sanjak (Gümüşhane, Kelkit, Şiran, Torul)
  3. Lazistan Sanjak (Its center was Batumi at first until 1878, later Rize after 1878) (Rize, Atina, Artvin; Sometimes included Of as well)
  4. Canik Sanjak (Its center was Samsun after 1889) (Samsun, Bafra, Ünye, Fatsa, Çarşamba, Terme)

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 1914 Census Statistics . . 605–606 . 29 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111007185405/http://www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_1_Ermeni_Sorunu/konular/ermeni_faaliyetleri_pdf/Arsiv_Belgeleriyle_Ermeni_Faaliyetleri_Cilt_1.pdf . 7 October 2011 .
  2. https://archive.org/stream/asiakeane00kean#page/459/mode/1up Asia
  3. Gündüz Ali, Hemşinliler, Dil-Tarih-Kültür, Ardanuj Kültür Yardımlaşma Derneği, Yayın No: 2, Ankara, 2002, s. 61.
  4. Book: Krikorian, Mesrob K.. Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire, 1860-1908. 1977-01-01. Routledge and Kegan Paul. 9781138492073. 48. en.
  5. Krikorian, Mesrob K. (1 January 1977), p. 49
  6. Book: Lowry, Heath. 2009. Islamization and Turkification of City of Trabzon.
  7. Book: Karpat, Kemal . Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics . University of Wisconsin Press . 1985 . 9780299091606 . 180–184.
  8. Yurt Ansiklopedisi, Rize, s. 6365.
  9. Yüksel A., Doğu Karadeniz Araştırmaları, Kitabevi, İstanbul, 2005, s.