Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723) explained

The Treaty of Saint Petersburg of ^{[1] [2]} concluded the Russo-Persian War of 1722-1723 between Imperial Russia and Safavid Iran. It ratified Iran's forced ceding of its territories in the North Caucasus, South Caucasus, and contemporary mainland Northern Iran, comprising Derbent (Dagestan), Baku, the respective surrounding lands of Shirvan, as well as the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Astarabad.^[3] The treaty further specified that the Iranian king would receive Russian troops for domestic peacekeeping.^[4]

As the Cambridge History of Iran states;

The signatory on the Safavid side was the envoy Ismail Beg,^[5] who had been sent by king Tahmasp II himself. When the text of the treaty was brought to the temporary capital of Qazvin in April 1724 by Prince Boris Meshcherskii (a sub-lieutenant of the Preobrazhensky Guard regiment), the population was well aware of Russia's actions.^[6] Unruly mobs received Meshcherskii and his entourage with violent threats.^[7] He was received with customary ceremoniousness by Tahmasp II, but the latter refused to ratify the treaty.^{[8] [9] [10]} This decision was made as it was clear that the Russians, though having occupied the Iranian territories, were too small to pose a major threat to Iran,^{[11] [12]} even though the latter had been seriously weakened through the frantic events of the early 1720s. Furthermore, Tahmasp II knew that they were incapable of aiding him in expelling the Afghan rebels.^[13] There's also a possibility that Tahmasp II was aware of Russia's secret negotiations with the Ottoman Empire (see Treaty of Constantinople (1724)). Ismail Beg was forced to flee punishment upon return, and died in exile in Astrakhan some twenty years later.^[14]

All conquered and gained territories were returned to Iran which now led by the emerging Nader Qoli Beg (later known as Nader Shah) in 1732 and 1735 respectively, under the terms of the Treaty of Resht and Treaty of Ganja,^[15] during the reign of Empress Anna Ioannovna.

See also

• Treaty of Constantinople (1724)
• Treaty of Resht
• Treaty of Ganja

Notes and References

1. http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-caucasus-in-the-system-of-international-relations-the-turkmanchay-treaty-was-signed-180-years-ago THE CAUCASUS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THE TURKMANCHAY TREATY WAS SIGNED 180 YEARS AGO Научная библиотека КиберЛенинка p 142
2. William Bayne Fisher, P. Avery, G. R. G. Hambly, C. Melville. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7 Cambridge University Press, 10 okt. 1991 p 21
3. http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-caucasus-in-the-system-of-international-relations-the-turkmanchay-treaty-was-signed-180-years-ago THE CAUCASUS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THE TURKMANCHAY TREATY WAS SIGNED 180 YEARS AGO Научная библиотека КиберЛенинка p 142
4. [Alexander Mikaberidze]
5. William Bayne Fisher, P. Avery, G. R. G. Hambly, C. Melville. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7 Cambridge University Press, 10 okt. 1991 p 319
6. William Bayne Fisher,P. Avery,G. R. G. Hambly,C. Melville. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7 Cambridge University Press, 10 okt. 1991 p. 319
7. William Bayne Fisher,P. Avery,G. R. G. Hambly,C. Melville. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7 Cambridge University Press, 10 okt. 1991 p. 319
8. William Bayne Fisher,P. Avery,G. R. G. Hambly,C. Melville. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7 Cambridge University Press, 10 okt. 1991 p. 319
9. Alexander Mikaberidze. "Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia: A Historical Encyclopedia" ABC-CLIO 2011. p 726
10. Abraham (Erewantsʻi), George A. Bournoutian. History of the wars: (1721-1736) Mazda Publishers, 1999 (originally released by the Indiana University) p 1
11. William Bayne Fisher,P. Avery,G. R. G. Hambly,C. Melville. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7 Cambridge University Press, 10 okt. 1991 p. 319
12. Alexander Mikaberidze. "Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia: A Historical Encyclopedia" ABC-CLIO 2011. p 726
13. William Bayne Fisher,P. Avery,G. R. G. Hambly,C. Melville. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7 Cambridge University Press, 10 okt. 1991 p. 319
14. William Bayne Fisher, P. Avery, G. R. G. Hambly, C. Melville. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7 Cambridge University Press, 10 okt. 1991 p 21
15. http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-caucasus-in-the-system-of-international-relations-the-turkmanchay-treaty-was-signed-180-years-ago THE CAUCASUS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THE TURKMANCHAY TREATY WAS SIGNED 180 YEARS AGO Научная библиотека КиберЛенинка