Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia explained

The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC) is a peace treaty among Southeast Asian countries established by the founding members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a geo-political and economic organisation of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia.

History

On 24 February 1976, the treaty was signed into force by the leaders of the original members of ASEAN,[1] Lee Kuan Yew, Ferdinand Marcos, Datuk Hussein Onn, Kukrit Pramoj, and Suharto. Other members acceded to it upon or before joining the bloc. It was amended on 15 December 1987 by a protocol to open the document for accession by states outside Southeast Asia,[2] and again on 25 July 1998, to condition such accession on the consent of all member states.[3] On 23 July 2001, the parties established the rules of procedure of the treaty's High Council, which was stipulated in Article 14 of the document.[4] On 7 October 2003, during the annual summit, a declaration was released that says:[5]

"A High Council of [the treaty] shall be the important component in the ASEAN Security Community since it reflects ASEAN's commitment to resolve all differences, disputes and conflicts peacefully."Papua New Guinea was the first country outside ASEAN to sign the treaty in 1989., sixteen countries outside the bloc have acceded to the treaty. On 22 July 2009, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton signed the TAC on behalf of the United States.[6] The European Union announced in 2009 its intention to accede as soon as the treaty would be amended to allow for the accession of non-states[7] [8] [9] and joined accordingly on 12 July 2012.[10]

The treaty has been endorsed by the General Assembly stating that:[11]

"The purposes and principles of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia and its provisions for the pacific settlement of regional disputes and for regional co-operation to achieve peace, amity and friendship among the peoples of Southeast Asia [are] in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations."

Principles

The purpose of the Treaty is to promote perpetual peace, everlasting amity and co-operation among the people of Southeast Asia which would contribute to their strength, solidarity, and closer relationship. In their relations with one another, the High Contracting Parties shall be guided by the following fundamental principles;[12]

a. mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity and national identity of all nations,

b. the right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion or coercion,

c. non-interference in the internal affairs of one another,

d. settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful means,

e. renunciation of the threat or use of force, and

f. effective co-operation among themselves.

Parties

The following table lists the parties in the order of the dates on which they entered into the treaty:

NoCountryDate
1 Indonesia24 February 1976
2 Malaysia24 February 1976
3 Philippines24 February 1976
4 Singapore24 February 1976
5 Thailand24 February 1976
67 January 1984[13]
7 Papua New Guinea6 July 1989[14]
829 June 1992[15]
922 July 1992[16]
10 Cambodia23 January 1995[17]
11 Myanmar27 July 1995[18]
12 China8 October 2003[19]
13 India8 October 2003[20]
14 Japan2 July 2004[21]
15 Pakistan2 July 2004[22]
1627 November 2004[23]
1729 November 2004[24]
18 New Zealand25 July 2005[25]
19 Mongolia28 July 2005[26]
20 Australia10 December 2005[27]
21 France20 July 2006[28]
2213 January 2007[29]
23 Bangladesh1 August 2007[30]
24 Sri Lanka1 August 2007[31]
2524 July 2008[32]
26 United States23 July 2009[33]
27 Canada23 July 2010[34]
28 Turkey23 July 2010[35]
—12 July 2012
29 United Kingdom12 July 2012[36] [37]
30 Brazil17 November 2012[38]
31 Norway1 July 2013[39]
32 Chile6 September 2016[40]
33 Egypt6 September 2016
34 Morocco6 September 2016
35 Argentina1 August 2018[41]
361 August 2018[42]
37 Peru31 July 2019[43]
38 Bahrain2 November 2019[44]
39 Germany2 November 2019
40 Colombia10 November 2020[45]
41 Cuba10 November 2020
42 South Africa10 November 2020
43 Denmark3 August 2022[46]
44 Greece3 August 2022
45 Netherlands3 August 2022
46 Oman3 August 2022
47 Qatar3 August 2022
48 United Arab Emirates3 August 2022
49 Spain10 November 2022[47]
50 Ukraine10 November 2022[48]
51 Saudi Arabia12 July 2023[49]
524 September 2023[50]
534 September 2023
54 Serbia4 September 2023

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 24 January 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160127053647/http://www.asean.org/?static_post=treaty-of-amity-and-cooperation-in-southeast-asia-indonesia-24-february-1976-2. 27 January 2016. dmy-all.
  2. Web site: Protocol Amending the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090925140147/http://www.asean.org/1218.htm. 25 September 2009. dmy-all.,
  3. Web site: Second Protocol Amending the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111003175131/http://www.asean.org/3633.htm. 3 October 2011. dmy-all.
  4. Web site: Rules of Procedure of the High Council of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 28 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111003175136/http://www.asean.org/3639.htm. 3 October 2011. dmy-all.
  5. Web site: Declaration of ASEAN Concord II (Bali Concord II). 28 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090925134725/http://www.asean.org/15159.htm. 25 September 2009. dmy-all.
  6. Web site: Beginning a New Era of Diplomacy in Asia. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090724100954/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/22/content_11755447.htm. 24 July 2009. dmy-all.
  7. Web site: Joint Declaration of the ASEAN-EU Commemorative Summit. 23 February 2009.
  8. Web site: Explanatory Memorandum for the Treaty of Amity and Co-operation in Southeast Asia. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090124061458/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about%2Dthe%2Dfco/publications/treaty%2Dcommand%2Dpapers%2Dems/explanatory%2Dmemoranda/explanatory%2Dmemoranda%2D2007a/amity%2Dasean. dead. 24 January 2009. 23 February 2009.
  9. Web site: Thailand and EU's Issues Consulted. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090228231308/http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2642.php?id=28490. 28 February 2009. dmy-all.
  10. The EU accedes to Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia . 2016-10-13 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161013215912/http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-781_en.htm . 13 October 2016 . dmy-all .
  11. Web site: Review and implementation of the Concluding Document of the Twelfth Special Session of the General Assembly. 23 February 2009. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20050901192116/http://www.un.org/gopher-data/ga/recs/47/53. 1 September 2005. dmy-all.
  12. Forty-seventh session of the General Assembly A/C.1/47/L.24 30 October 1992 Web site: Archived copy . 2012-12-01 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150219233256/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/LTD/N92/665/90/PDF/N9266590.pdf?OpenElement . 19 February 2015 . dmy-all .
  13. Web site: Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 23 February 2009.
  14. The Straits Times, "PNG is first 'outsider' to accede to Bali treaty," Singapore, 8 July 1989.
  15. Web site: Declaration on the Admission of the Lao People's Democratic Republic into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111003175202/http://www.asean.org/1827.htm. 3 October 2011. dmy-all. However, a United Nations document states that Laos acceded to the treaty on the same day as Vietnam, 22 July 1992. The reason for the discrepancy is not apparent.
  16. Web site: Declaration of the Admission of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111003175248/http://www.asean.org/2090.htm. 3 October 2011. dmy-all.
  17. Web site: Declaration on the Admission of the Kingdom of Cambodia into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111003175328/http://www.asean.org/703.htm. 3 October 2011. dmy-all.
  18. Web site: Declaration on the Admission of the Union of Myanmar into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111003175347/http://www.asean.org/1829.htm. 3 October 2011. dmy-all.
  19. Web site: Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080603202245/http://www.asean.org/15271.htm. 3 June 2008. dmy-all.
  20. Web site: Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080603202310/http://www.asean.org/15282.htm. 3 June 2008. dmy-all.
  21. Web site: Japan Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110904120933/http://www.asean.org/16231.htm. 4 September 2011. dmy-all.
  22. Web site: The Islamic Republic of Pakistan Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110904120953/http://www.asean.org/16237.htm. 4 September 2011. dmy-all.
  23. Web site: Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia by Republic of Korea. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080603205057/http://www.asean.org/16622.htm. 3 June 2008. dmy-all.
  24. Web site: Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia by Russian Federation. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080603205117/http://www.asean.org/16638.htm. 3 June 2008. dmy-all.
  25. Web site: Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia by New Zealand. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110523014448/http://www.asean.org/17612.htm. 23 May 2011. dmy-all.
  26. Web site: Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia by Mongolia. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120114151412/http://www.asean.org/17618.htm. 14 January 2012. dmy-all.
  27. Web site: Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia by Australia. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080623115459/http://www.asean.org/18019.htm. 23 June 2008. dmy-all.
  28. Web site: Declaration on the Deposit of the Instrument of Accession of the French Republic to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080623215110/http://www.asean.org/19267.htm. 23 June 2008. dmy-all. The instrument of accession was deposited half a year after it was signed.
  29. Web site: Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080623120159/http://www.asean.org/19273.htm. 23 June 2008. dmy-all.
  30. Web site: Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120114161050/http://www.asean.org/20789.htm. 14 January 2012. dmy-all.
  31. Web site: Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia by Sri Lanka. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120114144152/http://www.asean.org/20792.htm. 14 January 2012. dmy-all.
  32. Web site: Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast. 23 February 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110126012058/http://www.asean.org/21826.htm. 26 January 2011. dmy-all.
  33. Web site: U.S. Accession to ASEAN's Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC). 21 July 2009. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20090704144333/http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/124064.pdf. 4 July 2009. dmy-all.
  34. News: Timberlake. Ian. Canada signs treaty with ASEAN, cites progress on rights. 6 February 2017. Google News. Agence France Presse. 24 July 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100727054815/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gN5YG4GTdRAv-cDdwBctQrOQmsGg. 27 July 2010. dead. dmy-all.
  35. Web site: Information regarding Republic of Turkey's partnership on Turkish MFA's website. 5 November 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150919183906/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/asean.en.mfa. 19 September 2015. dmy-all.
  36. Web site: Treaty of amity and cooperation in Southeast Asia as amended.
  37. Web site: EU, UK Accede to Treaty of Amity, Cooperation in SE Asia . https://web.archive.org/web/20180625185318/http://english.cri.cn/6966/2012/07/13/3241s711569.htm . dead . 25 June 2018 .
  38. Web site: First Latin America Country Accedes to the Treaty of Amity & Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC) . 18 November 2012 . Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN) . 2013-10-16 . dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185551/http://www.asean.org/news/asean-secretariat-news/item/first-latin-america-country-accedes-to-the-treaty-of-amity-cooperation-in-southeast-asia-tac. 23 September 2015. dmy-all.
  39. Web site: Norway signs Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in South East Asia. 2013-10-16. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160127053647/https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/treaty_asean/id731986/. 27 January 2016. dmy-all. July 2013.
  40. Web site: ASEAN welcomed the accession of Chile, Egypt and Morocco to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. division2. www.mofa.gov.la. en-gb. 2017-02-15. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171112051634/http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/activities/state-leaders/1349-chile,-egypt-and-morocco-welcomed-to-treaty-of-amity-and-cooperation-in-southeast-asia. 12 November 2017. dmy-all.
  41. http://www.mfa.go.th/main/en/news3/6885/92709-Minister-of-Foreign-Affairs-of-the-Kingdom-of-Thai.html
  42. Web site: Iran officially joins ASEAN treaty. 2 August 2018 .
  43. Web site: Signing Ceremony of the Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia by the Republic of Peru – ASEAN THAILAND 2019.
  44. Web site: Signing Ceremony of the Instrument of Accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC) by Bahrain and Germany – ASEAN THAILAND 2019. 2022-11-20. en-US.
  45. Web site: Colombia, Cuba, South Africa join ASEAN's Treaty of Amity, Cooperation. 2024-02-21. ANTARA News. 12 November 2020 .
  46. Web site: Six more countries join amity, cooperation treaty in Southeast Asia. 3 August 2022 . dmy-all.
  47. Web site: FRESH NEWS: ASEAN recognizes Ukraine and Spain as members of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC). 10 November 2022 . dmy-all.
  48. Web site: FRESH NEWS: ASEAN recognizes Ukraine and Spain as members of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC). 10 November 2022 . dmy-all.
  49. Web site: Saudi Arabia Becomes 51st Country to Accede to TAC. 2024-02-21. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.
  50. Web site: Panama, Serbia, Kuwait sign Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. 2023-09-05 . asean.org.

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