Treat Baldwin Johnson Explained

Treat Baldwin Johnson
Birth Date:29 March 1875
Birth Place:Bethany, Connecticut
Nationality:American
Fields:Organic Chemistry
Natural Products
Workplaces:Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University
Alma Mater:Yale University
Thesis Year:1901
Doctoral Advisor:H L Wheeler
Spouse:Emma Estelle Amerman

Treat Baldwin Johnson (29 March 1875 – 28 July 1947) was an American organic chemist and Sterling Professor at Yale University from 1928–1943.

Early life and education

Treat Baldwin Johnson was born in Bethany, Connecticut, on 29 March 1875, the oldest of three sons of Dwight Lauren Johnson and Harriet Adeline Baldwin.[1] He was educated at Ansonia high school and graduated from the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University in 1898, where he obtained work as a laboratory assistant and began a Ph.D. degree under the supervision of H L Wheeler. By the time of its completion in 1901, Johnson had published seven scientific papers relating mainly to imidoesters.[1]

Career

Johnson became an instructor of chemistry at the Sheffield Scientific School in 1902 and then an assistant professor in 1909. He specialized in organic chemistry and was promoted to full professor in 1914. In 1918, he received the Nichols Medal of the American Chemical Society in recognition of his work on pyrimidines.[2] and in 1919 was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences.[3] Yale awarded him a Sterling Professorship in 1928, which he retained until his retirement in 1943.[1]

Research

Johnson supervised 94 graduate students, together generating 182 papers on pyrimidine chemistry in a total research output of 358 publications and 15 patents.[1] The focus was organic synthesis as applied to nucleobases and therapeutic substances but he also worked on the chemical degradation of silk, on organic sulfur compounds, and on proteins.[4] He was the co-editor with E. M. Shelton, one of his students, of the owner's manual for A. C. Gilbert Company's chemistry sets.[5] Together with R. D. Coghill, Johnson was the first to discover the existence of 5-methylcytosine in nature, from tuberculinic acid, a nucleotide of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.[6] [7]

Selected publications

Personal life

Johnson married Emma Estelle Amerman in 1904; they had no children.[1]

Notes and References

  1. Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences . Hubert Bradford . Vickery . 1952 . 27 . 81–119 . Treat Baldwin Johnson .
  2. Web site: Nichols Medalists . American Chemical Society, New York Section . 2022-09-13 .
  3. Web site: Treat B. Johnson . National Academy of Sciences . 2022-09-12 .
  4. 10.1021/cen-v025n037.p2646 . Necrology: Treat B. Johnson . Chemical & Engineering News Archive . 1947 . 25 . 37 . 2646 .
  5. Web site: Chemistry for boys . 1937 . A. C. Gilbert Company . 2022-09-13.
  6. 10.1021/ja01688a030 . Researches on Pyrimidines. C111. The Discovery of 5-Methyl-Cytosine in Tuberculinic Acid, the Nucleic Acid of the Tubercle Bacillus . 1925 . Johnson . Treat B. . Coghill . Robert D. . Journal of the American Chemical Society . 47 . 11 . 2838–2844 .
  7. 10.1038/166237b0 . Occurrence of 5-Methyl-Cytosine in Nucleic Acids . 1950 . Wyatt . G. R. . Nature . 166 . 4214 . 237–238 . 15439258 . 1950Natur.166..237W . 4215082 .

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