In East Timor, transportation is reduced due to the nation's poverty, poor transportation infrastructure.
There are no railways in the country. The general condition of the roads is inadequate. The country has six airports, one of which has commercial and international flights.
East Timor has no railways. However, a master plan for a long electrified double-track railway was proposed in 2012, with a central line from Bobonaro to Lospalos, a western corridor from Dili to Betano and an eastern corridor from Baucau to Uatolari.[1] [2]
East Timor has a road network of, of which about of roads are paved, and about are unpaved.
The road network is made up of national roads linking municipal capitals (~), municipal roads linking municipal capitals to towns and villages (~), urban roads within urban areas (~) and rural roads within rural areas (~).[3] In a 2015 survey reported by the World Bank, 57% of the rural roads were rated either bad or poor.
While under Portuguese rule, East Timor's road system, like the road network in all Portuguese colonies, adhered to right-hand drive. After the Indonesian takeover in 1975, the roads were made to switch to left-hand drive (like virtually all of present-day Indonesia). Upon independence in 2002 the left-hand traffic rule was retained.
East Timor has 20 arterial roads, designated as A-class roads (national roads), as follows:[4]
| From | To | Length (km) | Length (mi) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dili | Com, Lautém | 203.9km (126.7miles) | ||
| <1 | Dili | Suai | 176.4km (109.6miles) | |
| Dili | Mota Ain | 118.2km (73.4miles) | ||
| ' | Batugade | Maliana | 42.4km (26.3miles) | |
| Ermera | 46.8km (29.1miles) | |||
| Betano | 55.6km (34.5miles) | |||
| Baucau | Viqueque | 64.9km (40.3miles) | ||
| Viqueque | 46km (29miles) | |||
| Lautém | Viqueque | 121.7km (75.6miles) | ||
| Manatuto | 79.5km (49.4miles) | |||
| Ermera | 66.9km (41.6miles) | |||
| Maliana | Ermera | 64.7km (40.2miles) | ||
| Zumalai | Maliana | 52.5km (32.6miles) | ||
| Cassa | 25.1km (15.6miles) | |||
| Betano | 47.7km (29.6miles) | |||
| Suai | Uemassa | 27.5km (17.1miles) | ||
| Uele'o | 33.4km (20.8miles) | |||
| Pante Macassar | Oesilo | 25.3km (15.7miles) | ||
| Pante Macassar | Citrana | 44.9km (27.9miles) | ||
| Pante Macassar | Sacato | 14.8km (09.2miles) | ||
| Total | 1358.2km (843.9miles) | |||
In October 2016, the East Timorese government symbolically launched a rehabilitation project for the Dili–Manatuto–Baucau national road. Construction was to be undertaken in two sections, Dili–Manatuto, and Manatuto–Baucau, in each case by a Chinese construction company. The project was financed by the General State Budget, and also from a loan fund from the Japanese government, through the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). It was due to be completed in mid-2019, and the completed road was officially inaugurated on 26 August 2022.[5]
According to a road network connectivity quality assessment published in September 2019, the national road network already satisfactorily connected all national activity centres for alltypes of vehicles in circulation. However, some of the road segments needed to be improved, in terms of road width, drainage, geometric design and traffic facilities.[6]
Two road bridges over the Comoro River link central Dili with the west side of the city, including the Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport and the Tibar Bay port, which as at early 2022 was due to start operations later that year. The more important of these two bridges is the CPLP Bridge; its alternative, approximately to its south, is the Hinode Bridge.[7]
At the north eastern corner of central Dili, the B. J. Habibie Bridge spans the, and connects central Dili with the eastern waterfront of the Bay of Dili.[8]
This bridge, also known as the Tono Bridge, was inaugurated in 2017 as part of the ZEESM TL project in Oecusse.
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Ships by type
Routes
In July 2022, the President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, urged the government of East Timor to open a shipping route between Kupang, Dili, and Darwin, to boost sea lane connectivity.[11]
See also: List of airports in East Timor., East Timor had eight airports. The three major ones were the Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport in Dili, the Cakung or Baucau Airport in Baucau, and the Suai Airport in Suai. Only the first two of these were designed as international airports.[12]
The Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport in Dili is the main international airport. Commercial scheduled service is also provided at Suai Airport and Oecusse Airport.[13] Local airports include Baucau Airport and Viqueque Airport.
No airport in East Timor is officially available for night operations, but the government permits such operations in emergencies.[12]
8 (2012)
ja:日本工営
. November 2019 . Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste: Preliminary Assessment for Dili Airport Runway Upgrading Project . Asian Development Bank . Project Number: 52320-001 . 14 April 2022 . 2–3.