Public transport in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) is operated by several companies, most of which are part of the Autoritat del Transport Metropolità, a transport authority managing services in the Barcelonès and the rest of the metropolitan area of Barcelona. This article is a summary with transport facilities and services strictly within the municipality of Barcelona, and contains links to more specific articles.
Barcelona was the first major city in Spain where trains were implemented. The first line in the country ran from Mataró to Barcelona. After permission was granted by the government, it was built between 1845 and 1848. High-speed train services (AVE and Avant) were introduced by Renfe in 2008.
See main article: Rodalies Barcelona and List of FGC lines. Currently railway lines in Barcelona are owned by Renfe and Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC). Rodalies Barcelona is a commuter railway network serving the metropolitan area. It's presently operated by Renfe and FGC even though the latter will operate all Rodalies lines from 2010 onwards, alongside its other commuter lines. Altogether they will make up 15 lines.
Mitjana distància or Media distancia Renfe (in Catalan or Spanish (also called Catalunya Exprés: Ca lines) there are 9 lines (Ca1-Ca2-Ca3-Ca4-Ca5-Ca6-Ca7-R43-L7). Those lines go all around of the four Catalan provinces and some of them go to Zaragoza (Aragón) and Castelló de la Plana and València in País Valencià. Lines are operated by:
8 lines (broad gauge) and one of standard gauge:[1]
See main article: List of railway stations in Barcelona. There are currently 27 open railway stations in Barcelona (228 in the metropolitan area). The city's current main terminal station is Barcelona Sants. The construction of Estació de la Sagrera, presently taking place in La Sagrera and designed by Frank Gehry, will be a station of equal importance serving the other side of the city. Among other main stations, Estació de França has seen its importance reduced in the past years, and Estació del Nord (next to Arc de Triomf) is no longer a railway terminal but a coach station and athletic facility. El Clot-Aragó station was planned to be replaced by a new Glòries railway station at Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes which would be one of the main transport hubs in the city when completed, but Plaça de Catalunya railway station, in the centre of Barcelona (Plaça de Catalunya) is the only station in Barcelona where Renfe, FGC and Barcelona Metro lines join.
All FGC stations except for those between Peu del Funicular and Les Planes also offer Barcelona Metro services, although trains operate every 6 minutes on workdays and 10 on weekdays, which is a better service than the L11 schedule.
See main article: Barcelona Metro. The Barcelona Metro, an electrified railway network, has served the city since 1924, when the Gran Metro and Metro Transversal took place. The original project was devised in time for the 1929 Universal Exhibition which took place in the city. Nowadays it is operated by two different companies: the proper metro lines being part of the Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (or TMB) network, and three metro services integrated in the commuter railway network of Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (or FGC), Catalonia's public railway company.
In addition to the eleven current working lines, the network is currently being expanded with the introduction of a double metro line which will be the longest in continental Europe: L9/L10. Nearly all existing lines are also growing, some extensively like L2, and as of 2014 they are undergoing reforms.
As of February 2016, the metro network consists of:
| Line | Termini | Opened in | Length in km | Stations | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | Hospital de Bellvitge – Fondo | 1926 | 20.72 | 30 | |
| L2 | Paral·lel – Badalona Pompeu Fabra | 1995 | 13.53 | 18 | |
| L3 | Zona Universitària – Trinitat Nova | 1924 | 19.22 | 26 | |
| L4 | Trinitat Nova – La Pau | 1926 | 18.91 | 22 | |
| L5 | Cornellà Centre – Vall d'Hebron | 1959 | 19.16 | 27 | |
| L6 | Pça Catalunya – Reina Elisenda | 1863 | 5.38 | 9 | |
| L7 | Plaça Catalunya – Avinguda Tibidabo | 1954 | 4.63 | 7 | |
| L8 | Plaça Espanya – Ciutat Cooperativa | 1912 | 11.26 | 11 | |
| L9N | La Sagrera – Can Zam | 2009 | 11.1 | 9 | |
| L9S | Zona Universitaria – Aeroport T1 | 2016 | 20 | 15 | |
| L10N | La Sagrera – Gorg | 2010 | 8,1 | 6 | |
| L10S | Collblanc – Zona Franca | 2010 | 8,1 | 6 | |
| L11 | Trinitat Nova – Can Cuiàs | 2003 | 2.1 | 5 | |
| Total | 157.51 | 209 |
See main article: Trambaix, Trambesòs and Tramvia Blau. Although Barcelona had an extensive tram network (operated by Tramways de Barcelona S.A., a distant antecessor of Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona) during the 20th century, and was highly dependent on trams, as the 1951 tram boycott proves, the tram network was upgraded in the early 1960s with the acquisition of a total of 101 PCC type tram cars from the DC Transit system of Washington, DC. Tram service was eventually discontinued in 1971, except for the Tramvia Blau on the Tibidabo. In 2004, however, two new tram systems were introduced: Trambaix (taking its name from the Baix Llobregat comarca, the western part of the metropolitan area), and the Trambesòs, from the river Besòs which runs through the eastern part). Both systems have three routes each (as of 2009), but new introductions are expected and pending of approval. An ambitious project to link the whole of Barcelona through Avinguda Diagonal and linking both systems is pending revision.
See main article: Buses in Barcelona. Buses in Barcelona are a major form of public transport in Barcelona, with an extensive local and interurban bus network. There is also a network of night buses called and a bus rapid transit system called RetBus is being set up, which is intended to complement the current local bus network. All bus routes serving Barcelona metropolitan area are organized by Autoritat del Transport Metropolità (ATM). Local services are operated in most part by Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB), although other bus services are operated by several private companies under common names.
The Funicular de Montjuïc, climbing up Montjuïc hill, is fare-integrated with the Barcelona Metro network. Funicular de Vallvidrera, in Vallvidrera, is part of Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya. A third funicular, on Tibidabo hill, Funicular del Tibidabo, is operated by TMB and allows access to the Tibidabo theme park.
The city has two aerial cable cars: Montjuïc Aerial Tramway (to the Montjuïc castle) and Port Vell Aerial Tramway that runs via Torre Jaume I and Torre Sant Sebastià over the port. Also, in the metropolitan area of Barcelona work Aeri de Montserrat and .
Barcelona is encouraging active travel (walking and wheeling plus use of the bus) with the "Superblocks" system which discourages short trips by private car. They are the idea of Salvador Rueda, a psychologist, engineer and ecologist and have the support of the city council. See Barcelona's super·illes in City block.
See main article: Barcelona–El Prat Airport. Barcelona is served by Barcelona Airport situated in the suburbs, about 170NaN0 from the centre of Barcelona. It is the second-largest airport in Spain, and the largest on the Mediterranean coast. It is a main hub for Vueling Airlines and a focus for Air Europa and Iberia. The airport mainly serves domestic and European destinations, but some airlines offer destinations in Asia and the United States. The airport is connected to the city centre by highway, commuter train and scheduled bus service. The airport handled 35,145,176 passengers in 2012. A new terminal (T1) has been built, and entered service on 17 June 2009.
Sabadell Airport is a smaller airport situated in the suburbs, devoted to pilot training, aerotaxi and private flights. Some low-cost airlines, such as Transavia.com and Ryanair, prefer to use Girona-Costa Brava Airport, situated about 900NaN0 to the north of Barcelona, the Reus Airport situated 770NaN0 to the south, though they offer some flights from Barcelona-El Prat Airport and also Lleida-Alguaire Airport situated about 1500NaN0 to the west of the city. The city airport system, measured by passenger traffic, is one of busiest city airport systems in Europe, having nearly 40 million passengers per year.
| Airport[2] | Code | Total passengers (2012) | Aircraft movements (2012) | Cargo traffic (2012) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCN | 35,145,176 | 290,004 | 96,519,698 | ||
| GRO | 2,844,682 | 27,674 | 133,910 | ||
| REU | 937,446 | 16,111 | 14,104 | ||
| --- | 602 | 29,042 | 900 | ||
| ILD | n/d | n/d | n/d | ||
| Total | n/a | 38,927,906 | 362,831 | 96,668,612 |
See main article: Port of Barcelona. The Port of Barcelona has a 2000-year history and a great contemporary commercial importance. It is Europe's ninth largest container port, with a trade volume of 2.3 million TEU's in 2006.[3] The port is managed by the Port Authority of Barcelona. Its 7.860NaN0 are divided into three zones: Port Vell (the Old Port), the commercial port and the logistics port (Barcelona Free Port). The port is undergoing an enlargement that will double its size thanks to diverting the mouth of the Llobregat river 2 km (1¼ mi) to the south.[4]
The Metropolitan Transport Authority reported 1,024.8 million passengers transported by public transit in 2018.[5]
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Barcelona, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 50 min. 8% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 10 min, while 9% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7.2 km, while 15% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.[6]
In 2023, the European Investment Bank invested €25 million in Barcelona's rolling stock and signed an advisory service agreement with Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) to improve transport security against harassment.[7]