Transmembrane protein 254 is a transmembrane protein that is encoded by the TMEM254 gene, it is predicted to have many orthologs across eukaryotes.
TMEM254 is located on the long arm of chromosome 10, open reading frame 57 on the positive strand. It is found at position 10q22.3. It has seven known transcript variants.[1]
This image shows the cytogenetic band of human chromosome 10 and the various gene locations on it. TMEM254 can be seen at the thin red band with the box around, placed at q22.3.[2]
TMEM254 consists of ten total exons and is 13,912 bp in length.[3]
IsoformsTMEM254 has 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing.[4]
| Isoform | Length | Mass (Da) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 123 | 14,243 |
| 2 | 84 | 9,692 |
| 3 | 103 | 12,068 |
The secondary structure of TMEM254 is predicted to consist of alternating pairs of alpha helices and beta sheets.
According to a human GEO profile and human and mouse EST profiles, TMEM254 appears to be expressed at a relatively high level in most tissues.[8] [9]
TMEM254 is highly expressed in reproductive structures, and a wide range of cells. These include, but are not limited to, thyroid gland, pancreas, kidney, skin, breasts, and testes.
There are no known paralogs for transmembrane protein 254, however it does have various orthologs within orthologs within eukaryotes.[10] The following table presents some of the orthologs found using searches in BLAST.[11] A comparison of a wide variety of known TMEM254 orthologs meant to display the diversity of species for which orthologs are found is listed in the table below:[12]
| Organism | Common Name | Divergence fromHumans (MYA) | Accession Number | Sequence Length | Sequence Identity | Sequence Similarity | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Humans | N/A | NP_001257296 | N/A | 100% | 100% | Mammalia | |
| Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee | 6.40 | XP_003312695 | 6.4 | 99.3% | 99.3% | Mammalia | |
| Rhinopithecus bieti | Black snub-nosed monkey | 28.1 | XP_011886260 | 28.1 | 95.2% | 97.3% | Mammalia | |
| Chrysemys pictabellii | Painted Turtle | 320 | XP_008168753 | 320 | 46.3% | 57.8% | Reptilia | |
| Esox lucius | Northern Pike | 320 | NP_001290628 | 432 | 45% | 60.4% | Actinopterygii | |
| Alligator mississippiensis | American Alligator | 320 | KYO27663 | 320 | 43.3% | 56.7% | Reptilia | |
| Nanorana parkeri | High Himalaya frog | 353 | XP_018428933 | 353 | 42.3% | 57.7% | Amphibia | |
| Phaethon lepturus | White-tailed Tropicbird | 320 | XP_010286446 | 320 | 38.8% | 59.3% | Aves | |
| Hippocampus comes | Tiger Tail Seahorse | 432 | XP_019737413 | 432 | 38.1% | 56.5% | Actinopterygii | |
| Callorhinchus milii | Elephant Shark | 465 | XP_007897415 | 465 | 37.9% | 58.2% | Chondrichthyes | |
| Patagioenas fasciata monilis | Band-tailed Pigeon | 320 | OPJ84646 | 320 | 36.7% | 59.9% | Aves | |
| Saccaglossus kowalevskii | Acorn Worm | 627 | XP_006821285 | 627 | 31.8% | 51% | Enteropneusta |
Using various tools at ExPASy[13] the following are possible post-translational modifications for TMEM254.