J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit has been translated into many languages. Known translations, with their first date of publication, are:
Language | Year | Title | Translator | Illustrator | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afrikaans | 2017 | Die Hobbit | Janie Oosthuysen | Pretoria Protea Boekhuis | ||
Albanian | 2005 | Hobiti | Maklen Misha | Tirana Shtëpia e Librit & Komunikit | ||
Arabic | 2008 | الهوبيت، أو ذهابًا وعودة (Al-Hūbīt, aw Zehaban wa ʿAwda) | هشام فهمي - مي غنيم (Hisham Fahmy - May Ghanim) | Dokki, Giza: Dar Lila (No ISBN) | ||
Armenian | 1984 | ՀՈԲԻՏ կամ գնալն ու գալը (HOBIT kam gnaln u galy) | Emma Makarian | Yerevan. Translated from the Russian translation by N. Rakhmanova. Uses the Belomlinskij illustrations from the Rakhmanova Russian edition. | ||
Armenian | 2014 | Հոբիթը (Hobit'y) | Nune Torosyan. Edited by Zaven Boyajyan. | Yerevan. Maps are also translated. | ||
Asturian | 2014 | El Hobbit | Miguel Gallego Gómez | Gijón. Published by Ediciones Terrier. . | ||
Belarusian | 2002 | Хобіт, або Вандроўка туды і назад (Chobit, abo Vandroŭka tudy i nazad) | K. Kurchankova and D. Magilevtsav | Minsk. Contains both maps with place-names in Belarusian, based on the Belomlinskij Russian maps. | ||
Basque | 2008 | Hobbita edo Joan-etorri bat | Sergio Ibarrola and Xabier Olarra | Iruñea Igela Argitaletxea. . Maps with place-names in English | ||
Bengali | 2011 | হবিট (Hôbiţô) | Aniruddha | Margao CinnamonTeal. . | ||
Breton | 2001 | An Hobbit, pe eno ha distro | Alan Dipode | Argenteuil Éditions Arda. . Contains both maps with place-names in Breton; the runes are translated into Breton. | ||
2020 | An Hobbit, pe, Eno ha Distro | Revised by Alan Dipode and Joshua Tyra | Dundee Evertype. (hb), (pb). Revised and corrected edition. Breton maps, runes, and captions by Michael Everson. Contains both maps with place-names in Breton; the runes are translated into Breton. Includes all of Tolkien's illustrations with Breton captions. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Kaozeadenn gant Smaog') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Breton. Includes glossaries and translators' notes. | |||
Bulgarian | 1975 | Билбо Бегинс или дотам и обратно (Bilbo Begins ili dotam i obratno) | Красимира Тодорова (Krasimira Todorova) | Peter Chouklev | Sofia Narodna Mladezh (София, "Народна младеж"). Verse translations by Assen Todorov (Асен Тодоров). | |
Catalan | 1983 | El Hòbbit o viatge d'anada i tornada | Francesc Parcerisas | The runes and both maps (the one for the Wildlands and the other one for the Lonely Mountain) are in Catalan. Some names, though, remain in English (such as Baggins or Took, which in The Lord of the Rings are translated as Saquet and Tuc respectively). Published by La Magrana (Edicions de la Magrana, SA. Pàdua, 83, 08006, Barcelona) in April 1983 (first edition); the last edition was in May 2001 (20th edition). . | ||
Traditional Chinese | 2001 | 魔戒前傳 哈比人歷險記 (Mojie qianzhuan: Habiren lixianji) | 朱學恆 (Lucifer Chu) | Both maps are in Chinese. | ||
Simplified Chinese | 2002 | 魔戒前传: 霍比特人 (Mojie qianzhuan: Huobiteren) | 李尧 (Li Yao) | Nanjing Yilin Press. 2000. | ||
Simplified Chinese | 2013 | 霍比特人 (Huobiteren) | 吴刚 (Wu Gang) | Shanghai Shiji Wenjing; Shanghai People's Publishing House. 2013. | ||
Cornish | 2014 | An Hobys, pò, An Fordh Dy ha Tre Arta | Nicholas Williams | Cathair na Mart Evertype, (hb), (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Cornish; the runes are translated into Cornish. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Kescows gans Smawg') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Cornish. | ||
Croatian | 1994 | Hobit ili tamo i opet natrag | Zlatko Crnković | (See also Serbo-Croatian, below) | ||
Czech | 1979 | Hobit, aneb cesta tam a zase zpátky | František Vrba | Jiří Šalamoun | Prague Odeon. In book translation credited for political reasons to Lubomír Dorůžka. | |
Danish | 1969 | Hobbitten, eller ud og hjem igen | Ida Nyrop Ludvigsen | J. R. R. Tolkien | Copenhagen Gyldendal. 1969. No maps. | |
Danish | 2012 | Hobbitten, eller ud og hjem igen | Jakob Levinsen | Copenhagen Gyldendal. 2012. . | ||
Dutch | 1960 | De Hobbit of daarheen en weer terug | Max Schuchart | Utrecht/Antwerpen: Het Spectrum. 1960. No maps. | ||
Esperanto | 2000 | La Hobito aŭ Tien kaj Reen | Christopher Gledhill, poems translated by William Auld | Kaliningrad Sezonoj. Rereleased in 2005. Runes are translated to Esperanto. | ||
Esperanto | 2015 | La Hobito, aŭ, Tien kaj Reen | Christopher Gledhill, poems translated by William Auld | Portlaoise Evertype, (hb), (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Esperanto; the runes are translated into Esperanto. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Konversacio kun Smaŭg') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Esperanto. | ||
Estonian | 1977 | Kääbik, ehk, Sinna ja tagasi | Lia Rajandi (prose and poems), Harald Rajamets (poems) | Maret Kernumees | Tallinn Eesti raamat | |
Faroese | 1990 | Hobbin ella út og heim aftur | Axel Tórgarð | Hoyvík Stíðin. Both maps translated into Faroese. The runic text was replaced with (Faroese) medieval dotted runes and translated into Faroese. Tolkien's pictures left as they were, Faroese translation added below. | ||
1973 | Lohikäärmevuori, eli Erään hoppelin matka sinne ja takaisin | Risto Pitkänen | Helsinki Tammi | |||
Finnish | 1985 | Hobitti eli Sinne ja takaisin | Kersti Juva | Tove Jansson (from 1962 Swedish edition) | Helsinki Werner Söderström. With Jansson's expressive illustrations.[1] | |
French | 1969, 1976 | Bilbo le Hobbit | Francis Ledoux | De Chica, in 1976 edition | Paris Le Livre de Poche. 2002. . Contains both maps with place-names in French; the runes remain in English. | |
French | 2012 | Le Hobbit | Daniel Lauzon | Paris Christian Bourgois éditeur. 2012. . Contains both maps with place-names in French; the runes are translated. | ||
West Frisian | 2009 | De Hobbit | Anne Tjerk Popkema | Leeuwarden Uitgeverij Elikser. 2009. . | ||
Galician | 2000 | Ó hobbit | Moisés R. Barcia | Vigo Edicións Xerais de Galicia | ||
Georgian | 2002 | ჰობიტი ანუ იქით და აქეთ (Hobitʼi anu ikit da aket) | Nino Bardzimishvili, poems translated by Tinatin Gogochashvili | Tbilisi Otar Karalashvili. 2002. ISBN printed on the cover and in the book (99928-0-302-0) is invalid. Contains both maps with place-names in Georgian. | ||
Georgian | 2009 | ჰობიტი (Hobitʼi) | Nika Samushia, poems translated by Tsitso Khotsuashvili. | Tbilisi Bakur Sulakauri Publishing. 2009. . Contains both maps with place-names in Georgian. John Howe's illustration on the cover. | ||
German | 1957 | Kleiner Hobbit und der große Zauberer | Walter Scherf | Horus Engels | Recklinghausen Paulus-Verlag. 1957. | |
German | 1967, 1971 | Der kleine Hobbit | Walter Scherf | Klaus Ensikat | Georg Bitter. 1971. Revised after the appearance of the Carroux translation of The Lord of the Rings to make the names match. | |
German | 1998 | Der Hobbit | Wolfgang Krege | Stuttgart Klett-Cotta, | ||
Greek | 1978 | Το Χόμπιτ (To Hobit) | A. Gavrielide, Kh. Delegianne | Athens Kedros, | ||
Hawaiian | 2015 | Ka Hopita, a i ʻole, I Laila a Hoʻi Hou mai | R. Keao NeSmith | Portlaoise Evertype, (hb), (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Hawaiian; the runes are translated into Hawaiian. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Ke Kūkā ʻana me Smaug') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Hawaiian. | ||
Hebrew | 1976 | ההוביט (Hhvvt) | משה הנעמי (Moshe Hana'ami) | |||
Hebrew | 1977 | ההוביט או לשם ובחזרה (Hhvvt v lshm vvchzrh) | J. R. R. Tolkien | Ganei-Aviv: Zmora-Bitan (זמורה – ביתן). Contains no maps. Four Israeli combat pilots, held as prisoners of war in Egypt between 1970 and 1973, whiled away their time of captivity by translating "The Hobbit" to Hebrew from a book sent to one of them by family members, via the Red Cross. The Pilots' Translation was published in Tel-Aviv following their return, and many Israeli critics still consider it the better of the first two Hebrew translations.[2] [3] | ||
Hebrew | 2012 | ההוביט (Hhvvt) | יעל אכמון (Yael Achmon) | |||
Hungarian | 1975 | A babó | Tibor Szobotka, poems translated by István Tótfalusi | Tamás Szecskó | Reworked in 2006 under the title A hobbit – "Egyszer oda, aztán vissza" by Tamás Füzessy with the introduction and annotations of Douglas A. Anderson (translated by Zsuzsanna Ürmössy). | |
Hungarian | 2006 | A hobbit – Vagy: Oda-vissza | László Gy. Horváth, poems translated by Zsuzsa N. Kiss | Alan Lee | This translation was originally published in 2006 with a terminology consistent with that of the Ádám Réz/Árpád Göncz translation of The Lord of the Rings (A Gyűrűk Ura) . It uses the old Hungarian alphabet instead of English runes. After the revision of the Hungarian terminology of The Lord of the Rings in 2008, changes were also incorporated into this translation and was republished in 2011 without illustrations and with the English runes restored . | |
Icelandic | 1978 | Hobbitinn | Úlfur Ragnarsson and Karl Ágúst Úlfsson | Reykjavík Almenna Bókafélagið | ||
Icelandic | 1997 | Hobbitinn eða út og heim aftur | Þorsteinn Thorarensen | Reykjavík Fjölvaútgáfan | ||
Indonesian | 1977 | Hobbit atau pergi dan kembali | Anton Adiwiyoto | Jakarta Gramedia Pustaka Utama | ||
Irish | 2012 | An Hobad, nó, Anonn agus Ar Ais Arís | Nicholas Williams | Cathair na Mart Evertype, (hb), (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Irish; the runes are translated into Irish. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Ag Comhrá le Smóg') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Irish. | ||
Italian | 1973 | Lo hobbit, o la Riconquista del Tesoro | Elena Jeronimidis Conte | Milan Adelphi Editions. . Contains both maps with place-names in Italian; the runes are translated into Italian. Spelling of "Smaug" changed into "Smog"; the trolls are referred to as "Uomini Neri" ("Black Men"); "Carrock" translated as "Carroccia" (from the Italian "roccia", "rock"). | ||
Italian | 2004 |
| Oronzo Cilli and Elena Jeronimidis Conte | Jemina Catlin | Milan Bompiani. New translation, first published as Douglas A. Anderson's annotated edition (;) but later also as normal editions (illustrated by Alan Lee: :). Paperback editions translate runes, hardback editions do not. Maps use translations from the Adelphi edition. | |
Yiddish | 2015 | Der Hobit, oder, Ahin un Vider Tsurik | Barry Goldstein | . Published in romanised Yiddish. | ||
Japanese | 1965 | Ryuichi Terashima | Tokyo Iwanami Shoten. (Various editions). Character and place names derived from common English usage tend to be rendered into Japanese, while those invented by Tolkien or difficult to translate are often transliterated directly into katakana spellings. Runes on Thrór's map are left in English, but absent altogether from the title page. Terms used here carry over into the Japanese edition of The Lord of the Rings, translated by Teiji Seta and Akiko Tanaka. | |||
Japanese | 2012 | J. R. R. Tolkien | Tokyo Hara Shobō. Translation of The Annotated Hobbit. Maps in Japanese. Tolkien's illustrations are used, with English captions. Notes by Douglas Anderson (in Japanese). Written in the polite -masu form. | |||
Korean | 1979 | 호비트 (Hobiteu) | 김종철 (Kim Jong-cheol) | Yeoleum | ||
Korean | 1988 | 호비트 모험 (Hobiteu Moheom) | 공덕용 (Kong Deok-yong) | Seoul Dongsuh Press | ||
Korean | 1989 | 호비트의 모험 (Hobiteueui Moheom) | 최윤정 (Choi Yun-jeong) | Seoul Changjak-kwa-Bipyongsa., | ||
Korean | 1991 | 꼬마 호비트의 모험 (Kkoma Hobiteueui Moheom) | 이동진 (Yee Dong-jin) | Yeollin. | ||
Korean | 1999 | 호비트 (Hobiteu) | 김석희 (Kim Seok-hee) | Seoul Sigongsa., | ||
Korean | 2002 | 호빗 (Hobit) | 이미애 (Yee Mi-ae) | Seoul Ssiaseul Ppurineun Saram. | ||
Korean | 2021 | 호빗 (Hobit) | 이미애 (Yee Mi-ae) | Seoul Arte. | ||
Latin | 2012 | Hobbitus ille aut illuc atque rursus retrorsum | Marc Walker | London HarperCollins. | ||
Latvian | 1991 | Hobits jeb Turp un atpakaļ | Zane Rozenberga | Laima Eglīte | First edition published in 1991, a large format hardcover with original illustrations. Notably, elves were pictured as having wings and greenish skin. Second edition was published in 2002 in soft cover and contained traditional black and white illustrations drawn by J. R. R. Tolkien. | |
Lithuanian | 1985 | Hobitas, arba Ten ir atgal | Bronė Balčienė | |||
Lule Sámi | 2023 | Hobihtta, jali Dåhku ja máhttse | Are Tjihkkom | Drag Tjihkkom almmudahka. . | ||
Luxembourgish | 2002 | Den Hobbit | Henry Wickens | Esch-Sauer Op der Lay. . Contains both maps with place-names in Luxembourgish; the runes are translated into Luxembourgish. | ||
Macedonian | 2005 | Хобитот или до таму и назад (Hobitot ili do tamu i nazad) | Marija Todorova | Skopje Feniks | ||
Marathi | 2011 | द हॉबिट | Meena Kinikar | Pune Diamond Publications | ||
Moldavian | 1987 | Хоббитул (Hobbitul) | Aleksej Tsurkanu | Chişinău Literatura artistike (translated from Russian) | ||
Mongolian | 2010 or after | Хоббит (Hobbit) | Oyuntsetseg Jamsandorj | Ts. Baidy | Soyombo Printing. (is listed in publication details). Privately published several times during 2nd decade of 21st century. No maps. | |
Mongolian | 2016 | Хоббит (Hobbit) | D. Oyunchimeg | Khökh Devter Printing. (is given on back cover). Accompanied by Father Giles of Ham in the same volume. | ||
Norwegian (Bokmål) | 1972 | Hobbiten, eller fram og tilbake igjen | Finn Aasen and Oddrun Grønvik | Oslo Tiden Norsk Forlag. . Contains both maps with place-names in Norwegian; the runes are translated into Norwegian. | ||
Norwegian (Bokmål) | 1997 | Hobbiten, eller Fram og tilbake igjen | Nils Ivar Agøy | Oslo Tiden Norsk Forlag. | ||
Norwegian (Nynorsk) | 2008 | Hobbiten, eller Ditut og attende | Eilev Groven Myhren | Oslo Tiden Norsk Forlag. | ||
Occitan | 2018 | Bilbon lo Hòbbit (o un anar tornar) | Sèrgi Viaule | Cressé Editions des Regionalismes | ||
Persian | 2002 | هابيت (Hābit) | فرزاد فربد (Farzad Farbud) | Tehran Ketab-e Panjereh 2002 (١٣٨١). . | ||
Persian | 2004 | هابيت يا آنجا و بازگشت دوباره (Hābit yā ānjā va bāzgašt dobāre) | رضا عليزاده (Reza Alizadeh) | Tehran Rowzaneh 2004 (١٣٨٣). . Contains both maps with place-names in Persian; the runes remain in English. | ||
Polish | 1960 | Hobbit, czyli tam i z powrotem | Maria Skibniewska | Jan Mlodozoniec | Warsaw: Iskry. | |
Polish | 1985 | Hobbit, czyli tam i z powrotem | Maria Skibniewska | 2nd Polish edition, revised translation | ||
Polish | 1997 | Hobbit albo tam i z powrotem | Paulina Braiter | |||
Polish | 2002 | Hobbit, czyli tam i z powrotem | Andrzej Polkowski | |||
Portuguese-Portugal | 1962 | O Gnomo | Maria Isabel Morna Braga, Mário Braga; il. António Quadros | Antonio Quadros | Porto Livraria Civilização Editora | |
Portuguese-Portugal | 1985 | O Hobbit | Fernanda Pinto Rodrigues | Mem Martins Publicações Europa-América. | ||
Portuguese-Brazil | 1995 | O Hobbit ou Lá e de Volta Outra Vez | Lenita Maria Rímoli Esteves | São Paulo Martins Fontes. | ||
Romanian | 1975 | O poveste cu un hobbit | Catinca Ralea, poems translated by Leon Levițchi | Livia Rusz | Bucharest | |
Russian | 1976 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно | Н. Рахманова (N. Rakhmanova) | Mikhail Belomlinsky | Leningrad | |
Russian | 2001 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно | А.А. Грузберг (A.A. Gruzberg) | Е. Нитылкина (E. Nitylkina) | Ekaterinburg Publishing house "Litur" (Издательство «ЛИТУР»). | |
Russian | 1995 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно | М. Каменкович, С. Степанов (M. Kamenkovich, S. Stepanov) | Saint Petersburg Publishing house "Azbuka" (Издательство «Азбука»). Academically annotated edition. | ||
Russian | 2000 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно | Валерия Маторина "В.А.М." (Valeria Matorina, "V.A.M.") | И. Панков (I. Pankov) | Moscow Publishing house "EKSMO" (Издательство «ЭКСМО»). | |
Russian | 2001 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно | Л. Яхнин (L. Yakhnin) | Moscow Publishing house "Alfa book" (Издательство «Алфа-книга»). | ||
Russian | 1991 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно | З. Бобырь (Z. Bobyr') | Moscow Publishing house "Molodaya Gvardiya" (Издательство «Молодая гвардия»). | ||
Russian | 2002 | Хоббит | К. Королёв, В. Тихомиров (K. Korolev, V. Tikhomirov) | Moscow Publishing house "Eksmo" (Издательство «Эксмо»). | ||
Russian | 2005 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно (Khobbit, ili Tuda i Obratno) | Н. Прохорова, М. Виноградова (N. Prokhorova, M. Vinogradova) | Moscow Publishing house "Milikon Servis" (Издательство «Миликон Сервис»). | ||
Russian | 2003 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно (Khobbit, ili Tuda i Obratno) | И. Тогоева (I. Togoeva) | Moscow Publishing house "Rosmen" (Издательство «РОСМЭН»). | ||
Russian | 2014 | Хоббит (Khobbit) | В. Баканов, Е. Доброхотова-Майкова (V. Bakanov, E. Dobrokhotova-Maykova) | Moscow Publishing house "AST Publishers" (Издательство «АСТ»). | ||
Serbo-Croatian | 1975 | Хобит или тамо и назад (Hobit ili tamo i nazad) | Meri and Milan Milišić | Belgrade: Nolit | ||
Serbo-Croatian | 1986 | Хобит или тамо и назад (Hobit ili tamo i nazad) | Dusan Ogrizek | Mirna Pavlovec | Ljublana: Mladinska Knjiga | |
Silesian | 2023 | Hobit, abo tam i nazŏd | Contains both map with place-names in Silesian. The characters' names are also in Silesian | |||
Slovak | 1973 | Hobbiti | Viktor Krupa (prose), Jana Šimulčíková (poetry) | Nada Rappensbergerova | Bratislava Slovenský spisovatel' | |
Slovak | 2002 | Hobbit | Otakar Kořínek | Bratislava Slovart | ||
Slovene | 1986 | Hobit ali Tja in spet nazaj | Dušan Ogrizek | Ljubljana Mladinska knjiga | ||
Sorbian | 2012 | Hobit | Edward Wornar | Leipzig Institut za Sorabistiku Lipšćanskeje Uniwersity. | ||
Spanish (Argentina) | 1964 | El hobito | Teresa Sánchez Cuevas | Buenos Aires Fabril Editora. Its history (in Spanish). | ||
Spanish (Spain) | 1982 | El hobbit | Manuel Figueroa | Barcelona Ediciones Minotauro. . Contains only Thrór's map with place-names in Spanish; the runes remain in English. | ||
Swedish | 1947 | Hompen eller En resa Dit och Tillbaks igen | Tore Zetterholm | Tor-björn Zetterholm (internal); Charles Sjöblom (cover, maps) | Stockholm Kooperativa Förbundets Bokförlag. First translation of any work by Tolkien; in Letter 239 (20 July 1962) he called it "bad", disliking Zetterholm's Hompen to translate "The Hobbit", and the illustrations "ghastly". | |
Swedish | 1962 | Bilbo – En hobbits äventyr | Britt G. Hallqvist | Tove Jansson | Stockholm Rabén & Sjögren | |
Swedish | 2007 | Hobbiten eller bort och hem igen | Erik Andersson | Stockholm Norstedts (green cover) or | ||
Thai | 2002 | เดอะฮอบบิท (Dexa ḥ xb bith) | สุดจิต ภิญโญยิ่ง (Sutjit Phin-yo-ying) | |||
Turkish | 1996 | Hobbit | Esra Uzun | |||
Turkish | 2007 | Hobbit | Gamze Sarı | , Publisher: İthaki Yayınları, Published: İstanbul, August 2007, Pages: 425 | ||
Ukrainian | 1985 | Гобiт, або Мандрiвка за Iмлистi гори (Hobit, abo Mandrivka za Imlysti hory) | O. Mokrovolskyi | Mykhaila Bilomlyns'koho | Kyiv Veselka | |
Ukrainian | 2007 | Гобiт, або Туди i звiдти (Hobit, abo Tudy i zvidty) | Olena O'Lir | Lviv Astrolabia, | ||
Ukrainian | 2021 | Гобiт, або Мандрiвка за Iмлистi гори (Hobit, abo Mandrivka za Imlysti hory) | O. Mokrovolskyi | Lviv Astrolabia,, Jubilee (35th Anniversary Edition) | ||
Vietnamese | 2003 | Vietnamese version already completed in 2002 but publishing cancelled. This version leaked onto the Internet in 2003. | ||||
Vietnamese | 2009 | Hobbit ra đi và trở về | Đinh Thị Hương | Hanoi Thong Tin, no ISBN, EAN-13 8935077068955, maps with placenames in Vietnamese | ||
Vietnamese | 2010 | anh chàng Hobbit | Nguyên Tâm | Hanoi Nhã Nam, no ISBN, maps with placenames in Vietnamese | ||
Yiddish | 2012 | דער האָביט (Der Hobit) | Barry Goldstein בעריש גאָלדשטײן | |||
Welsh | 2024 | Yr Hobyd, neu, Yno ac Yn Ôl | Adam Pearce | Melin Bapur, . Contains both maps with place-names in Welsh. The runes are replaced with Coelbren y Beirdd. | ||
Yiddish | 2012 | דער האָביט (Der Hobit) | Barry Goldstein בעריש גאָלדשטײן | |||
Yiddish | 2015 | Der Hobit, oder, Ahin un Vider Tsurik | Barry Goldstein | Portlaoise Evertype, (hb), (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Yiddish; the runes are translated into Yiddish. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Shmuesen mit Smaug') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Yiddish. |