| Common Name: | Somalia |
| Conventional Long Name: | Transitional National Government of the Republic of Somalia |
| P1: | Interim Government of Somalia |
| Flag P1: | Flag of Somalia.svg |
| S1: | Transitional Federal Government of Somalia |
| Flag S1: | Flag of Somalia.svg |
| Flag Alt: | Flag of Somalia |
| Flag: | Flag of Somalia.svg |
| Capital: | Mogadishu |
| Common Languages: | SomaliArabic |
| Religion: | Islam |
| Government Type: | Provisional government |
| Anthem: | (2000) Heesta calanka Soomaaliya (2000–2004) Soomaaliyeey toosoo |
| Title Leader: | President |
| Leader1: | Abdiqasim Salad Hassan |
| Year Leader1: | 2000-2004 |
| Event Start: | Somalia National Peace Conference |
| Year Start: | 2000 |
| Date Start: | 5 May |
| Event End: | Transitional charter |
| Year End: | 2004 |
| Date End: | 14 October |
The Transitional National Government (TNG) was the internationally recognized central government of Somalia from 2000 to 2004.
The TNG was established in April–May 2000 at the Somalia National Peace Conference held in Arta, Djibouti. It was militarily and politically opposed by the Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council, which was formed by faction leaders including Hussein Mohamed Farrah Aidid and Mohamed Dhere.[1]
In principle, the Transitional National Charter, which gave rise to the TNG, recognized de facto regional autonomy and the existence of new entities in the north of the former Somalia, home to relatively homogenous clans. In some parts of Somalia, however, decentralization meant state authority disintegrated.[2]
According to Le Sage, the TNG in 2002 had all of the organs of a national government, including executive and judicial structures as well as a parliament, a police force and standing army. However, its institutions remained very weak on account of a dearth of basic office equipment, lack of territorial control, and inability to raise tax revenue. Due to these limitations, the TNG was unable to provide basic social services. Ministers and legislators also often expressed frustration at being shut out of the real decision-making process, and of often receiving irregular and limited salaries. As such, Le Sage argues that the public officials served more as symbols of the potential for a broad-based, national government.[3]
The TNG's internal problems led to the replacement of the prime minister four times in three years, and the administrative body's reported bankruptcy in December 2003. Its mandate ended at the same time.[4]
On October 10, 2004, legislators elected Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed as the first president of the transitional federal government (TFG), the TNG's successor.[5] He received 189 votes from the TFG Parliament, while the closest contender, erstwhile Somali ambassador to Washington Abdullahi Ahmed Addou, got 79 votes in the third round of voting. The then incumbent President of Somalia, TNG leader Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, peacefully withdrew his candidature.[6] [7]
The TNG was undermined by the Ethiopian government, who labelled TNG leaders as pro-Bin Laden Islamic extremists.[8]
See also: History of the transitional federal government, Republic of Somalia.