Transcarpathian dialect explained

The Transcarpathian dialect is a dialect of the Ukrainian language spoken in Zakarpattia Oblast.

Borders[1]

It is widespread in the valley of South Carpathians and the right bank of the Tisza river. It is used in some villages of Slovakia and Romania. It is bordered by the Boyko dialect to the north, the Hutsul dialect to the east, and by the Polish, Slovak, Hungarian and Romanian languages to the west.

History[2] [3]

The main features of the Transcarpathian dialect were formed by the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Written monuments, which reflected the features of the Transcarpathian dialect, were found from the beginning of the 15th century. The dialect was used by some writers, such as V. Dovhovych (1783-1849) and M. Nod (1819-1862). During the 19th century the usage of the dialect decreased because of neighboring languages more widely used. The dialect was studied by linguists I. Fogorashii, I. Verkhratskyi, Pavlo Chuchka and others.

Subdialects

The Transcarpathian has 4 subdialects:

Differences[4]

The table below list a small portion of the differences (since there are more than 6,000) between the Transcarpathian dialect and Standard Ukrainian. Some of the words were taken from Hungarian or Slovak. Examples of this are railway station, piece and thousand, which were taken from the Hungarian words állomás, darab and ezer.

Some differences between the dialect and Standard Ukrainian!Transcarpathian dialect!Standard Ukrainian!English
Адістерувати (Adisteruvaty)Критикувати (Krytykuvaty)Criticize
Бавитися (Bavytysya)Гратися (Hratysya)Play
Бай (Bay)Погано (Pohano)Bad
Вать (Vat)Або (Abo)Or
Каждоденно (Kazhdodenno)Щоденно (Shchodenno)Daily
Words taken from the Hungarian language!Transcarpathian dialect!Standard Ukrainian!Hungarian!English
Аломаш (Alomash)Залізничний вокзал (Zaliznychnyy vokzal)ÁllomásRailway station
Дараб (Darab)Шматок (Shmatok)DarabPiece
Езерь (Ezer)Тисяча (Tysyacha)EzerThousand
Жеб (Zheb)Кишеня (Kyshenya)ZsebPocket
Варош (Varosh)Місто (Misto)VárosCity

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Закарпатський говір — Енциклопедія Сучасної України . 2023-03-05 . esu.com.ua. 10 . Інститут енциклопедичних досліджень НАН України . 978-966-02-2074-4 .
  2. Book: В. В., Німчук . Енциклопедія української мови (Encyclopedia of the Ukrainian language) . 2000 . Kyiv.
  3. Web site: 2022-11-25 . Transcarpathian dialect Old Truth . 2023-03-05 . starapravda.com.ua . en-US.
  4. Web site: 2014-01-18 . Cловник закарпатських слів . 2023-03-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140118000722/http://words.eugene-home.kiev.ua/ . 2014-01-18 .