Trametes elegans explained

Trametes elegans,[1] also known as Lenzites elegans and Daedalea elegans, is a common polypore and wood-decay fungus with a pantropical distribution found on hardwood hosts in regions including Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.[2] [3] It has recently been suggested to be a complex of three different species: T. elegans, T. aesculi, and T. repanda. [4]

Morphology

The basidiocarp of T. elegans is brown with narrow semi-dadeloid pores.[5] The pore surface is yellow, with a dark line separating the lower context and the upper tomentum.[6] Defining characteristics of T. elegans include skeletal hyphae, thin-walled basidiospores, and a poroid hymenophore. T. elegans has no stipe and has a corky texture. It is circular, sessile, and flabelliform in shape. It is flexible when fresh and becomes more rigid as it dries.[7] The fruiting body of T. elegans is leathery and grows alone on dead wood. It is off-white, velvety, and has aerial hyphae in secondary mycelial culture.[8]

Ecology

T. elegans shares a commensalistic relationship with various host plants where it provides potection to the plant against assault from other pathogens. Additionally, T. elegans is endophytic. As T. elegans belongs to the white rot fungi group, they are important in breaking down lignin from trees and they do so extracellularly, non-specifically, and non-hydrolytically. This is important for recycling carbon in forest ecosystems.[9]

Habitat

T. elegans prefers an intermediate temperature range of around 25-35 °C and can grow in both the soil and on synthetic media.[10] Additionally, they prefer to inhabit rotting wood and leaf litter in tropical forests. They prefer hardwood forests.

Geographical distribution

Trametes elegans is most common in tropical hardwood forests. Places where it occurs include West Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the southern United States.

Unique Aspects

T. elegans has potential natural antimicrobial properties. In a study, researchers found that compounds isolated from T. elegans were able to inhibit microbial growth. These compounds include ergosta-5,7,22 trien-3-ol, 5α,8α–epidioxyergosta-6,9, 22-trien-3βol, 5α,8α–epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol, ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol, Lupeol, and 9,19- cycloartane-3,30-diol.[11] These potential antimicrobial properties have been shown to apply to a wide range of bacteria and other fungi. The mechanism for this involves the reduction of oxidative stress and nitric oxides. Not only do T. elegans have great potential as possible antimicrobial agents, but they also have the potential to degrade compounds including pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs, dyes, TNT, cyanide, azide, carbon tetrachloride, and pentachlorophenol.[12]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Species Fungorum - Species synonymy . 2023-05-12 . www.speciesfungorum.org.
  2. Web site: Trametes elegans. Farr. D.F.. Rossman. A.Y.. Fungal Databases, U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. https://archive.today/20181121024625/https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/new_allViewGenBank.cfm?thisName=Trametes%20elegans&organismtype=Fungus. 21 November 2018. live. 20 November 2018.
  3. Web site: Lenzites elegans. Farr. D.F.. Rossman. A.Y.. Fungal Databases, U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. https://archive.today/20181121024804/https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/new_allViewGenBank.cfm?thisName=Lenzites%20elegans&organismtype=Fungus. 21 November 2018. 20 November 2018.
  4. Carlson . Alexis . Justo . Alfredo . Hibbett . David S. . 2014-07-01 . Species delimitation in Trametes: a comparison of ITS, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1 gene phylogenies . Mycologia . 106 . 4 . 735–745 . 10.3852/13-275 . 24898532 . 7529153 . 0027-5514.
  5. Kanakasundar . Arivananthan . 1 Jan 2023 . Trametes elegans: Sources and Potential Medicinal and Food Applications . SHLS Life Sciences . 19 . 1 . 348–353.
  6. Wahab . Afshan . Pfister . Donald H. . LoBuglio . Kathy . Din . Siraj Ud . Khalid . Abdul Nasir . 2021 . Some New Records of Trametes (Polyporales, Basidiomycota); from Pakistan . Journal of Clinical Medical Research . 02 . 2 . 10.46889/jcmr.2021.2201. free .
  7. Web site: Cody . B. . Grand . L.F. . Lenzites elegans profile . Mycological Herbarium NCSU . NC State University . March 2011.
  8. R. Dulay . Rich Milton . Center for Tropical Mushroom Research and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, 3120 Philippines . 2021-01-30 . Nutritional and physical requirements for mycelial growth and basidiocarp production of Trametes elegans from the Philippines . Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology . 2021 . 1 . 10.35495/ajab.2020.06.339. 226540784 .
  9. Osano . AA . Siboe . GM . Ochanda . IO . Kokwaro . JO . 2005-01-17 . Biodegradation Properties of White Rot Fungi in Karura Forest, Kenya . Discovery and Innovation . 16 . 1 . 10.4314/dai.v16i1.15660 . 1015-079X.
  10. Sagar . Sukrit . 2020 . Optimization of mycelia growth parameters forWild white rot fungi Trametes elegans and Trametes versicolor . Scopus Index Journal . 12 . 1 . 4–14.
  11. Mayaka . Regina Kemunto . Langat . Moses Kiprotich . Njue . Alice Wanjiku . Cheplogoi . Peter Kiplagat . Omolo . Josiah Ouma . 2019-11-08 . Chemical compounds from the Kenyan polypore <i>Trametes elegans</i> (Spreng:Fr.) Fr (Polyporaceae) and their antimicrobial activity . International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences . 13 . 4 . 2352 . 10.4314/ijbcs.v13i4.37 . 1997-342X. free .
  12. Lara . Mayra A. . Rodrı́guez-Malaver . Antonio J. . Rojas . Orlando J. . Holmquist . Otón . González . Aura M. . Bullón . Johnny . Peñaloza . Nancy . Araujo . Elisa . 2003-10-01 . Black liquor lignin biodegradation by Trametes elegans . International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation . en . 52 . 3 . 167–173 . 10.1016/S0964-8305(03)00055-6 . 0964-8305.

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