Toyota C engine explained

The Toyota C engine family was a series of inline-4 diesel engines. There were two earlier generations of an engine Toyota named as the "Type C". The first generation was introduced in 1940 as a modification of the Type A engine. This first "Type C" was installed in the Toyota AE. The second generation was the first diesel engine at 1500cc used in the CS20 series 1959 Toyota Crown in October 1959. Japanese market vehicles with diesel engines were exclusive to Toyota Japan dealerships called Toyota Diesel Shop locations from 1979 until the dealership was cancelled in 1988.

C

The original C engine was first introduced on October 11, 1958 in a prototype Crown Diesel (CS20) at the 5th Tokyo Motor Show with sales commencing in October 19 the following year.[1] Derived from the R-series petrol engine, it has a displacement of 1,491 cc and produces 400NaN0.[2] It was underpowered, and due to the use of the insufficiently strong R-series block it was also not very durable. When the new 3R engine required a re-designed block, Toyota chose to cancel the C engine rather than re-engineer it.[3] Production ended in March 1961, and Toyota chose to focus on the more powerful diesel J engine which appeared in 1964.

Technical specifications:

Features at a glance

CodeCapacity (cc)Bore (mm)Stroke (mm)InjectionTurbo
1C183983.085.0
1C-L183983.085.0
1C-LC183983.085.0
1C-TL183983.085.0turbo
1C-TLC183983.085.0turbo
2C197486.085.0
2C-L197486.085.0
2C-E197486.085.0EFI
2C-T197486.085.0turbo
2C-TL197486.085.0turbo
2C-TLC197486.085.0turbo
2C-TE197486.085.0EFIturbo
3C21848694
3C-E21848694EFI
3C-T21848694turbo
3C-TE21848694EFIturbo

1C

1C
Manufacturer:Toyota
Bore:83.0 mm
Stroke:85.0 mm
Displacement:1.8 L (1839 cc)
Valvetrain:SOHC
Fueltype:diesel
Compression:22.5:1 - 23.0:1

1C, 1C-L, 1C-LC

The First Generation 1C was first introduced in the seventh generation Corona on January 26, 1982[4] and May 12, 1983 for transversely mounted applications as the 1C-L in the front-wheel drive models of the fifth Generation Corolla.[5] It used a direct drive OHC mechanism that would later be adopted by the L series engine.

Technical specifications(1C/1C-L):

Applications:

630NaN0 at 4500 rpm, 11.30NaN0 at 3000 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

-

650NaN0 at 4500 rpm, 11.50NaN0 at 3000 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

1C-II

The second generation 1C engine updated with a higher compression ratio of 23:1

Applications:

640NaN0 at 4700 rpm, 120NaN0 at 2600 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

1C-III

Uprated version of the 1C-II

Applications:

670NaN0 at 4700 rpm, 12.50NaN0 at 3000 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

1C-TL, 1C-TLC

Introduced on August 18, 1983 in the V10-series Camry/Vista it is the turbocharged version of the first generation 1C.[20] This model was only installed in the V10-series Camry/Vista . The European model premiered at the 1983 Frankfurt Motor Show and produces 730NaN0 at 4500 rpm and 1450NaN0 at 2600 rpm.[21]

Applications:

740NaN0 at 4500 rpm, 14.30NaN0 at 3000 rpm (US, Net SAE)

730NaN0 at 4700 rpm, 14.80NaN0 at 2600 rpm (Europe)

800NaN0 at 4700 rpm, 15.50NaN0 at 2400 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

2C

2C
Manufacturer:Toyota
Production:1983-2004
Bore:86.0 mm (3.39 in)
Stroke:85.0 mm (3.35 in)
Configuration:Inline-4
Displacement:2.0 L (1974 cc)
Weight:400 lbs
Block:Cast Iron
Head:Aluminum
Valvetrain:SOHC 2 valves per cylinder
Turbocharger:Toyota CT12 or CT9 turbo
Fuelsystem:Mechanical fuel injection
Electronic fuel injection
Fueltype:Diesel
Oilsystem:Wet sump
Coolingsystem:Water-cooled
Power:NaNPS
Torque:NaNNm
Timing:Timing belt
Compression:22.5:1 - 23.0:1

The 2C was a long running diesel engine, with some models (e.g. Corona, Townace, Liteace) receiving the turbo version 2C-T which provided 65 kW. It was replaced by the more economical 3C-TE in the above models from 1999.

2C, 2C-L

Output:

Applications:

680NaN0 at 4500 rpm, 120NaN0 at 3000 rpm (Europe, DIN)

720NaN0 at 4500 rpm, 12.80NaN0 at 2600 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

2C-II

The second generation 2C engine updated with a higher compression ratio of 23:1

Applications:

700NaN0 at 4600 rpm, 13.10NaN0 at 2600 rpm (Europe, EEC)

700NaN0 at 4700 rpm, 130NaN0 at 2600 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

750NaN0 at 4700 rpm, 13.50NaN0 at 2600 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

2C-III

Uprated version of the 2C-II

Applications:

720NaN0 at 4600 rpm, 13.40NaN0 at 2800 rpm (Pakistan, Net SAE)

730NaN0 at 4700 rpm, 13.50NaN0 at 3000 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

730NaN0 at 4700 rpm, 13.50NaN0 at 2800rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

730NaN0 at 4700 rpm, 13.20NaN0 at 2800rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

730NaN0 at 4700 rpm, 13.50NaN0 at 3000rpm (Japan, Net JIS)/(Europe)

730NaN0 at 4700 rpm, 13.20NaN0 at 2500rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

700NaN0 at 4600 rpm, 13.40NaN0 at 2500 rpm (Europe, EEC)

730NaN0 at 4700 rpm, 13.50NaN0 at 2800rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

700NaN0 at 4600 rpm, 12.70NaN0 at 3000 rpm (Philippines, Net SAE)

2C-E

EFI version of the 2C-III

Applications:

720NaN0 at 4600 rpm, 16.30NaN0 at 2600 rpm (Europe)

2C-T, 2C-TL, 2C-TLC

Turbocharged version of the 2C engine with a compression ratio of 22.5:1[52]

Applications:

800NaN0 at 4500 rpm, 16.20NaN0 at 3000rpm (US, Net SAE)

2C-(II)T

Turbocharged variant of the higher compression 2C-II engine adopting the Ceramic reinforced pistons from the 2LTE series.

Note: Toyota

Applications:

820NaN0 at 4500 rpm, 16.30NaN0 at 2400rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

840NaN0 at 4500 rpm, 16.70NaN0 at 2400rpm (Europe)

820NaN0 at 4500 rpm, 16.30NaN0 at 2400rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

820NaN0 at 4500 rpm, 16.30NaN0 at 2400rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

880NaN0 at 4000 rpm, 170NaN0 at 2400rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

2C-(III)T

Revised variant of the 2C-(II)T fitted with Diesel Smoke Control System to meet stricter Japanese and Euro 2 emission standards.[56]

Applications:

Non Intercooled

820NaN0 at 4000 rpm, 17.70NaN0 at 2000rpm (Europe)

880NaN0 at 4000 rpm, 180NaN0 at 2200rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

Intercooled

910NaN0 at 4400 rpm, 19.40NaN0 at 2600rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

2C-TE

EFI variant of the 2C-(III)T adopting electronic throttle control.

Applications:

900NaN0 at 4000 rpm, 20.70NaN0 at 2200 rpm (Europe)

3C

3C
Manufacturer:Toyota
Bore:86.0 mm
Stroke:94.0 mm
Displacement:2.2 L (2184 cc)
Valvetrain:SOHC
Fueltype:diesel
Compression:22.0:1 - 23.0:1

Although having a larger displacement than the 2C-T, the 3C-TE was more economical and powerful at 100 PS. The C series engines were replaced by the CD series in the European market, while Toyota stopped selling diesel non-commercial models in Japan after the 3C-TE.

3C-E

EFI version with compression ratio of 23.0:1

79.0 PS (58.0 kW; 78.0 HP) at 4,400 rpm

Applications:

790NaN0 at 4400 rpm, 150NaN0 at 2400 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

3C-T

Turbocharged version with compression ratio of 22.6:1(Non Intercooled) or 20.0:1(Intercooled).

From 88.0 PS (65.0 kW; 87.0 HP) at 4,000 rpmto 91.0 PS (67.0 kW; 90.0 HP) at 4,000 rpm

Applications:

Non Intercooled

910NaN0 at 4000 rpm, 19.60NaN0 at 2000 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

910NaN0 at 4000 rpm, 19.80NaN0 at 2200 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

Intercooled

1000NaN0 at 4200 rpm, 220NaN0 at 2600 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

3C-TE

Turbocharged version with EFI and compression ratio of 22.6:1.

From 94.0 PS (69.0 kW; 92.0 HP) at 4,400 rpmto 100.0 PS (74.0 kW; 99.0 HP) at 4,200 rpm

Applications:

Non Intercooled

900NaN0 at 4000 rpm, 20.90NaN0 at 2000-2400 rpm (Europe)

940NaN0 at 4000 rpm, 210NaN0 at 2200 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

-

940NaN0 at 4000 rpm, 21.50NaN0 at 2000 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

-

940NaN0 at 4000 rpm, 210NaN0 at 2200 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

Intercooled

1050NaN0 at 4200 rpm, 230NaN0 at 2600 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 75 Years of Toyota Part 1 Chapter 2 Section 8 Item 2. Development of the C diesel engine. 2020-10-20. www.toyota-global.com.
  2. Book: GPPC . ＧＰ企画センター [GP Planning Center] . History Timeline of the Japanese automobile . 日本自動車史年表 . GP Publications . Tokyo, Japan . 2006 . 978-4-87687-286-2.
  3. Web site: Section 8. Debut of the Toyopet Crown, a Full-Fledged Passenger Car: Item 2. Development of Large Trucks, Four-wheel-drive Vehicles, and Diesel Engines (d) . https://web.archive.org/web/20190310200345/https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section8/item2_d.html . 2019-03-10 . 75-Year History .
  4. Web site: Toyota Corona Undergoes Full Model Change . Toyota Motor Corporation . 2020-10-20 . global.toyota.
  5. Web site: Toyota Announces Model Changes in Corolla and Sprinter . Toyota Motor Corporation . 2020-10-20. global.toyota.
  6. Web site: 60014528B Townace Truck 2nd. 2020-10-20. www.toyota.co.jp.
  7. Web site: 75 Years of Toyota . 2020-10-20. www.toyota-global.com.
  8. Web site: Toyota Liteace Vol. 1. 2020-10-20. 郷愁の自動車・カタログギャラリー.
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  11. Web site: 60003780 Corolla 6th. 2020-10-20. www.toyota.co.jp.
  12. Web site: Toyota Announces New Corolla and Sprinter Series . Toyota Motor Corporation. 2020-10-20. global.toyota.
  13. Web site: 60003801B Corolla wagon 2nd. 2020-10-20. www.toyota.co.jp.
  14. Web site: 60009134 Sprinter 6th. 2020-10-20. www.toyota.co.jp.
  15. Web site: 60009177 Sprinter Van 1st. 2020-10-20. www.toyota.co.jp.
  16. Web site: 思い出のクルマをカタログで振り返る３４（３代目ライトエースバン）. 2020-10-20. みんカラ. ja.
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  20. Turbodiesel to Power Toyota Vista and Camry . Toyota . 1983-08-18 . 2020-10-20.
  21. AG106 . De AutoGids . 106 . 5 . 35–36 . Frankfurt: vervolg en slot . Frankfurt continued . Verhelle . Tony . nl-be . 1983-10-13 . Uitgeverij Auto-Magazine . Brussels, Belgium .
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