Cambrian Stage 4 Explained
| Cambrian Stage 4 |
| Color: | Cambrian Stage 4 |
| Time Start: | 514 |
| Time Start Prefix: | ~ |
| Time End: | 509 |
| Time End Prefix: | ~ |
| Timeline: | Cambrian |
| Name Formality: | Informal |
| Celestial Body: | earth |
| Usage: | Global (ICS) |
| Timescales Used: | ICS Time Scale |
| Chrono Unit: | Age |
| Strat Unit: | Stage |
| Timespan Formality: | Formal |
| Lower Boundary Def: | Not formally defined |
| Lower Def Candidates: | FAD of the Trilobite Olenellus or Redlichia |
| Lower Gssp Candidates: | None |
| Upper Boundary Def: | FAD of Oryctocephalus indicus. |
| Upper Gssp Location: | Wuliu-Zengjiayan, Guizhou, China |
| Upper Gssp Accept Date: | 2018[1] |
Cambrian Stage 4 is the still unnamed fourth stage of the Cambrian and the upper stage of Cambrian Series 2. It follows Cambrian Stage 3 and lies below the Wuliuan. The lower boundary has not been formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. One proposal is the first appearance of two trilobite genera, Olenellus or Redlichia. Another proposal is the first appearance of the trilobite species Arthricocephalus chauveaui.[2] Both proposals will set the lower boundary close to million years ago.[3] The upper boundary corresponds to the beginning of the Wuliuan.
Naming
The International Commission on Stratigraphy has not named the fourth stage of the Cambrian yet. In the widely used Siberian nomenclature stage 4 would overlap with parts of the Botomian and Toyonian.[4]
Biostratigraphy
The beginning of Cambrian Stage 4 has been tentatively correlated with the base of the European Leonian faunal stage and the base of the South China Duyunian faunal stage.[5]
During Cambrian Stage 4, three families of trilobites were widely distributed: olenellids, redlichiids, and paradoxidids. At the Stage 4-Wuliuan boundary, the first major trilobite extinction, known as the Olenellid Biomere boundary, occurred. In particular, trilobites of the families Ollenellidae and Redlichiidae have been extinct in Laurentia and South China, respectively.[6]
External links
- Web site: ISCS Working Groups: Working Group on the Stage 4 GSSP. International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy. https://web.archive.org/web/20230926093607/http://www.palaeontology.geo.uu.se/ISCS/ISCS_working_groups.html#4. 2023-09-26. live.
- Web site: GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era. https://web.archive.org/web/20231008002417/https://timescalefoundation.org/gssp/index.php?parentid=77. 2023-10-08. live.
Notes and References
- Yuanlong Zhao . Jinliang Yuan . Loren E. Babcock . Qingjun Guo . Jin Peng . Leiming Yin . Xinglian Yang . Shanchi Peng . Chunjiang Wang . Robert R. Gaines . Robert R. Gaines . Jorge Esteve . Tongsu Tai . Ruidong Yang . Yue Wang . Haijing Sun . Yuning Yang . Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) for the conterminous base of the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage (Cambrian) at Balang, Jianhe, Guizhou, China . Episodes . June 2019 . 42 . 2 . 165–184 . 10.18814/epiiugs/2019/019013 . 2024-04-03. free. https://web.archive.org/web/20220304072741/http://www.palaeontology.geo.uu.se/ISCS/Miaolingian%20and%20Wuliuan%20GSSP.pdf. 2022-03-04. live .
- Peng. S.C.. Babcock, L.E.. Continuing progress on chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Cambrian System. Bulletin of Geosciences. 21 September 2011. 391–396. 10.3140/bull.geosci.1273. en. free. https://web.archive.org/web/20230716074542/http://www.geology.cz/bulletin/fulltext/1273_Peng.pdf. 2023-07-16. dead.
- Web site: GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era. 2024-03-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20231008002417/https://timescalefoundation.org/gssp/index.php?parentid=77. 2023-10-08. live.
- The 13th International Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group. Episodes. 31. 4. 440–441. 2024-04-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20141105184944/http://www.episodes.co.in/www/backissues/314/440-442%20Confreport-Russia,%202%20(3).pdf. 2014-11-05. dead.
- Yuan, Jinliang . Ng, Tin-Wai. 2014. Tentative correlation of the Duyunian (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) and the Taijiangian (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5) between South China and the Mediterranean region. GFF. Geological Society of Sweden. 136. 1/2. 314–319. 10.1080/11035897.2014.898331. 2014GFF...136..314Y . 129488362 .
- Jih-Pai Lin, Frederick A. Sundberg, Ganqing Jiang, Isabel P. Montañez, Thomas Wotte. 22 November 2019. Chemostratigraphic correlations across the first major trilobite extinction and faunal turnovers between Laurentia and South China. Scientific Reports. 9. 1. 17392. 10.1038/s41598-019-53685-2. 31758094 . 6874646. 2019NatSR...917392L .
