Townsend's warbler explained

Townsend's warbler (Setophaga townsendi) is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.

Taxonomy

Townsend's warbler was formally described in 1837 by the American naturalist John Kirk Townsend under the binomial name Sylvia townsendi.[1] The type locality is Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River in the state of Washington.[2] After the merger of the genera Dendroica and Setophaga,[3] Townsend's warbler is now placed in the genus Setophaga that was introduced by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1827.[4] [5] The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[5]

Description

Townsend's warbler has a yellow face with a black stripe across its cheeks extending into an ear patch, a thin pointed bill, two white wing bars, olive upperparts with black streaks on their backs and flanks, and a white belly. Adult males have a black cap, black throat and yellow lower breast; females have a dark cap and a yellow throat. Immature birds are similar to females with a dark green cap and cheeks.

Standard Measurements
4.5-
8.8g
8inches
63.1-
47.1-
9.9-
18.1-

Life history

Their breeding habitats are coniferous forests with large trees on the northwestern coast of North America. Their nests are shallow cups built with grass and lined with moss.[6] These nests are usually placed atop a branch in a conifer. The female lays 4 to 5 brown-speckled white eggs.

This bird is closely related to the hermit warbler, and the two species interbreed where their ranges overlap.

Birds from Haida Gwaii migrate short distances further south on the Pacific coast. Other birds winter in Mexico, Central America, and the south-western United States.

They forage actively in the higher branches, often gleaning insects from foliage and sometimes hovering or catching insects in flight.[7] They mainly eat insects and spiders and seeds. Outside of the nesting season, these birds forage in mixed flocks. In winter, they also eat berries and plant nectar, and honeydew directly from the anus of scale insects.[8]

The song of the male bird is a buzzed zee-zee-zee-bzz-zee or weazy weazy weazy weazy twea, somewhat similar to that of its eastern relative, the black-throated green warbler. The call is a sharp tup.

This bird was named after the American ornithologist, John Kirk Townsend. Although Townsend is also credited with first describing this bird, he used a name chosen by Thomas Nuttall, who was travelling with him, and so sidestepped the convention against naming a species after oneself.[9]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Townsend . John Kirk . John Kirk Townsend . 1837 . Description of twelve new species of birds, chiefly from the vicinity of the Columbia River . Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . 7 . 187–192 [191–192] .
  2. Book: Paynter . Raymond A. Jr . 1968 . Check-List of Birds of the World . 14 . Museum of Comparative Zoology . Cambridge, Massachusetts . 26 .
  3. Chesser . R. Terry . Banks . Richard C. . Barker . F. Keith . Cicero . Carla . Dunn . Jon L. . Kratter . Andrew W. . Lovette . Irby J. . Rasmussen . Pamela C. . Remsen . J. V. . Rising . James D. . Stotz . Douglas F. . Winker . Kevin . 2011 . Fifty-Second Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union check-list of North American Birds . The Auk . en . 128 . 3 . 600–613 . 10.1525/auk.2011.128.3.600. 13691956 . free .
  4. Swainson . William John . William John Swainson . 1827 . A synopsis of the birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and Mr. William Bullock jun. . Philosophical Magazine . New Series . 1 . 364–369 [368] . 10.1080/14786442708674330 .
  5. Web site: Gill . Frank . Frank Gill (ornithologist) . Donsker . David . Rasmussen . Pamela . Pamela Rasmussen . 2020 . New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers . IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 . International Ornithologists' Union . 9 October 2020 .
  6. Web site: 2014-11-13 . Townsend's Warbler . 2022-10-21 . Audubon Guide to North American Birds . en.
  7. Rich . Terrell D. . Dobkin . David S. . 1996 . Conservation and Management of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds in the Northern Rockies and Great Plains . The Journal of Wildlife Management . 60 . 1 . 209 . 10.2307/3802059. 3802059 .
  8. Greenberg . Russell . Caballero . Claudia Macias . Bichier . Peter . 1993 . Defense of Homopteran Honeydew by Birds in the Mexican Highlands and Other Warm Temperate Forests . Oikos . 68 . 3 . 519 . 10.2307/3544920. 3544920 . 1993Oikos..68..519G .
  9. Wright . A. L. . Hayward . G. D. . Matsuoka . S. M. . Hayward . P. H. . 2020-03-04 . Rodewald . P. G. . Birds of the World . 2022-10-21 . Townsend's Warbler . Cornell Lab of Ornithology . 10.2173/bow.towwar.01.