Tournament Schafkopf (German: Turnierschafkopf, Preisschafkopf or Schafkopfrennen) is an organised form of the popular card game, Schafkopf, in which large numbers of players compete for prizes. Such tournaments are mainly held in countries where Schafkopf is popular such as Germany, Austria, Hungary and the Czech Republic.[1]
According to section 284 of the Strafgesetzbuch (penal code) in German law, Schafkopf is not a game of chance (gambling game) since all the cards are dealt, and there is thus no legal objection.[2] The organisation of Schafkopf tournaments is governed by German commercial law, especially section 33d of the Gewerbeordnung (GewO, licensing requirements), and section 5a of the Spielverordnung (gaming regulations). These make a fundamental distinction between:[3] [4]
In the latter case the entry fee must not be greater than 15 € and the winnings must distributed as non-monetary goods.[5] Also, as a leisure event, Schafkopf tournaments in Bavaria must in principle also be reported in accordance with Article 19 of the Bavarian LStVG law (competent authorities are the county or municipal authorities).[6]
Tournaments often have special rules not used in everyday play:
The following table gives typical tournament scoring:[8] [10]
| Contract | plus/minus | only plus | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Game | for the player(s) | for the defenders | for the player(s) | for the defenders | |||||||||||||
| won | lost | won | lost | won | lost | won | lost | ||||||||||
| Normal game (Rufspiel/Sauspiel) | + 1 | − 1 | + 1 | − 1 | 1 | / | 1 | / | |||||||||
| Schneider | + 2 | − 2 | + 2 | − 2 | 2 | / | 2 | / | |||||||||
| Schwarz | + 3 | − 3 | + 3 | − 3 | 3 | / | 3 | / | |||||||||
| with or without Matadors | each + 1 | each - 1 | each + 1 | each - 1 | each 1 | / | each 1 | / | |||||||||
| Solo or Wenz | + 12 | + 6 | − 12 | - 6 | + 4 | + 2 | − 4 | − 2 | 12 | 6 | / | / | 4 | 2 | / | / | |
| Schneider | + 9 | - 9 | + 3 | − 3 | 9 | / | 3 | / | |||||||||
| Schwarz | + 12 | - 12 | + 4 | − 4 | 12 | / | 4 | / | |||||||||
| with or without Matadors | each + 3 | each - 3 | each + 1 | each - 1 | each 3 | / | each 1 | / | |||||||||
| Solo or Wenz Tout | + 18 | − 18 | + 6 | − 6 | 24 48 | / | 8 16 | / | |||||||||
| with Matadors | each + 6 | each - 6 | each + 2 | each - 2 | each 6 | / | each 2 | / | |||||||||
| Sie | + 24 | - 8 | + 24 | / | |||||||||||||
Fundamentally the normal game (called a Rufspiel or Sauspiel) is worth 1 point and solo games are worth 2 (or even 4) points. In addition, Schneider and Schwarz each score an additional point.If a team has Matadors, these also score additional points. The maximum number of Matadors varies, depending on the rules, between 4 (only the Obers are counted) and 14 (all the trumps are counted).[11]
The rules for Solo Schneider and Solo Schwarz may vary regionally; often the Solo also has a standard basic value, and schneider and schwarz are not paid out. Also the matadors are scored variably or even not at all in a Solo game. Likewise the scores for Solo Tout and Sie vary; schneider and schwarz are not counted in these cases, also the matadors often don’t count or are calculated at a flat rate.
In Tournament Schafkopf there is usually a draw for two (or more) rounds of play with a fixed number of games divisible by four (often 32 or 40). At big tournaments there will also be knockout rounds and finals. The winner(s) receive hierarchical prizes of money or gifts funded by the entry fees. The player coming last, and sometimes the one coming second last too, may receive a consolation prize.
In large tournaments, the 'position' of each player at his or her table is usually scored as well (i.e. the first-placed player at a table receives 40 additional points, the second-placed player 30, etc.). Often these 'table points' are much more important than the actual game points.[12]
In the absence of a regular league, various tournament series have been established. The results of the participants are recorded in rankings and the best players are invited to a final tournament. One example is the Schafkopf Champions League run by the German Schafkopf Club (Deutscher Schafkopfverein) in Folmava/Vollmau.[13] Meanwhile a number of unofficial championship tournaments with different systems of qualification have developed. The most important of these are probably the Bavarian Championship run by the Bavarian Schafkopf Club[14] and the (unofficial) 'World Championship' which has been held every two years since 2001.[15]
The following is a list of unofficial Schafkopf world champions:
| No. | Year | Winner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 2001 | Waldemar Schwägerl (Bärnau)[16] | |
| 2. | 2003, Hévíz[17] [18] | ||
| 3. | 2005, Mariánské Lázně/Marienbad[19] | Christoph Karl | |
| 4. | 2007, Reith im Alpbachtal[20] | ||
| 5. | 2009, Großarl | Sabine Fischer (Lechbruck)[21] | |
| 6. | 2011, Großarl | Stefan Hobmeier (Neufahrn bei Freising)[22] | |
| 7. | 2013, Großarl | Hans Fenzl (Waldmünchen)[23] | |
| 8. | 2013, Großarl | Georg Leindecker (Bad Aibling) | |
| 9. | 2017, Großarl | Herbert Gruber (Eggenfelden)[24] | |
| 10. | 2019, Cham[25] |